DOS User Study UNIX Guide [6] - After reading it

Section 6: 1% left

6.1. Make yourself from the status of root

Use root to login, and processing daily work is not a good thing. Because this account is quite

Danger, it should be used only for system maintenance. Below this command can create a general account for yourself.

Type Root Login

# Adduser

Then enter the information asked by the system. (If you don't understand the problem, press . This system will

Use preset information.)

6.2. Establish virtual memory

Although Linux is in theory as long as 2m can be implemented, the more memories will make the work more smoothly. X WINDOW

SYSTEM will require at least 8m Ram, otherwise it will strike. To increase the available memory space, use virtual memory.

Please perform as root:

#D = / dev / zero of = / swapfile bs = 1024 count = 8192

# mkswap / swapfile 8192

# sync

# swapon / swapfile

Then add the last line to /etc/rc.d/rc.local, so that the SWAP is automatically turned on each time it is turned on.

6.3. Use Tar & Gzip

Several uses in Un * X are widely used to save or compress files. TAR is a tool for saving archives. It has

Click on PKZIP but will not make compression - it just packs many files into one:

$ tar -cvf [file ...]

Unlock TAR File, use the following command:

$ tar-xpvf [file ...]

If you want to view the list of files in TAR File,

$ tar -tf | Less

Use Compress or Gzip to compress files. After the compression file cannot be used, unless unspeakdated:

$ Compress

OR:

$ GZIP

The compressed files thus established will be extended as .z (Compress) or .gz (Gzip) as an extended file. These files

Unable to be compressed again by Compress or Gzip. If you want to decompress the file, please use it.

$ compress -d

oral

$ GZIP -D

See Man Pages.

Other tools like Arj, ZIP, or Unzip (PK ?? Zip compatible) are found in Linux.

In the world of UN * X, .tar.gz or .tgz file is generally common under DOS. Zip.

The following command can browse the file list in the .tar.gz file:

$ GZIP -DC | TAR TF - | Less

6.4. Install application

Most Linux software are packaged in. Tar.gz; some software can be in / next

finish installation:

# gzip -dc | tar xvf -

The file will decompress in the correct directory (the directory will be automatically established). It seems good, isn't it ?? :)

Slackware Distribution users (in fact, other distributions are not bad, like redhat)

There is a full-affinity installation program pkgtool.

Other software may have their own installation of the quotes; you can find the documentation. In addition, some software

It is made in a manner of C or C Source Code, and does not have an execution file. At this time, you must compile it yourself.

Most of the situation you want to play

# Make

Obviously, you will need GCC - this should be in all distributions. But remember:

Use root to complete the work of these software installations.

6.5. You can't know the skills

Let the system help you type the command: Press to allow the system automatically replenish the unrocked words in the command. For example:

GCC this_is_a_long_name.c; Just type GCC THI is enough. (When there are several usage

When the same font is started, you must give the system to the system to determine what you want.

One).

Back: Press SHIFT PAG UP to make the screen back to the number page, which will depend on the VIDEO RAM you have.

Furthermore, when you want to use the following command

$ Script

This will make anything appearing on the screen to Script_File until you use EXIT

This order is so that you can check the content you just later later.

Reset screen: If you accidentally more or Cat, I think your screen should be

Full of strange symbols. You can solve this problem with reset:

$ RESET

Or type Ctrl-V Esc C Return or sequentially.

Information from Kernel: Look at / var / adm / messages (with root identity), included

Kernel wants to tell your information, where there is a message that appears at startup.

6.6. Some useful programs

One of the most important things is how to find these software. I think everyone knows how to gallop in the Internet.

And use Archie and FTP. Listere the three most important Linux related FTP Site:

Sunsite.unc.edu, tsx-11.mit.edu, nic.funet.fi. Please use Mirror, which is close to you.

(PS. Domestic nctucca.nctu.edu.tw, linux.cis.nctu.edu.tw, ftp.ncu.edu.tw..etc)

AT allows you to perform program at a specific date and time

Delete-Undelete is just like their name :)

DF will tell you about your hard disc.

Dosemu can perform some DOS's program (but not all ..ps. I think it should be most ..) -

Windows 3.x, but need to make some adjustments;

File telling you Which file (ASCII text file, executable, packaging

Rear

File .. Wait);

Find (see Section 2.2) is one of the strongest and useful tools. It can find a file system, all in line with

Search for the conditions of the condition and processes it. The most common method is:

$ FIND

The here contains the search standards and processing actions for the target file. For example:

$ FIND. -TYPE L - EXEC LS -L {} /;

All Symbolic Links will be found and display their coupling destination.

$ FIND / -NAME "* .old" -ok rm {} /;

Look for all files that match * .old, then ask if you want to delete it.

$ FIND. -PERM 755

Search all files for accessing permissions (ie, executable)

$ FIND. -USER ROOT

Will find the owner's root file. There are still many usage, of course, RMP: P

GREP can find a string in the file. For example

$ grep -l "geology" * .tex

All TEX files that contain words containing "Geology" will be listed. If you ask RMP;

GZEXE will perform file compression, but still executive;

Joe is a great editor. You can start it with JSTAR - you will get a look like it, use it

Also like WordStar or its brothers, sisters such as DOS Editor's editor;

LPR can be filed in the background. Use LPQ to view the case where the queue is queued in the print sequence;

MC - a very easy to use File Manager; Pine, a nice E-Mail program;

Sudo makes a general user to do some root (like format or mount .. rmp: P)

Uname -a will tell you the current situation;

Zcat and Zless can help you read the text files compressed by Gzip - but don't take it first.

$ zless textfile.gz

$ zcat textfile.gz | lpr

6.6. Common files, with their extension name, related program

In Linux you will encounter a lot of models - they have different extensions. The following is a big

Sketch list:

..1 ... .8: Manual Pages, read from Mana.

..arj: The compressed file generated by ARJ.

..dvi: TEX (later) The output file generated. You can read it with xdvi; DVIPS can be used to use .dvi

Convert to POSTScript files for .ps.

..gif: Figure type file. With Seejpeg or XPaint.

..gz: Gzip compressed file.

..info: INFO file (a type of Man Page). Read by INFO.

..jpg, .jpeg: Figure type file. Using Seejpeg.

..ps: postscript file. Use GS or GhostView to read. (Great !!)

.. tgz, .tar.gz: Package, compressed by Gzip.

..TEX: Text file with TEX, Tex is a powerful typography. Many Distributions

TEX is accompanied.

.. TEXI: Texinfo file. (and .info). TexInfo uses.

.. xbm, .xpm, .xwd: graphics file. With XPaint.

..zip: Compressed by ZIP compression package, use ZIP and Unzip.

..Z: Compressed by Compress.