I don't know that I have worked for four years in a IT company, from the first year of trust research and development work, to the responsible person of the project subprediency in the second year, and later served as the project supervisor, have been tired of four projects. The four years are also the most important time of the author's life. It has experienced the transformation from students to technicians and the transformation from the technical personnel to the project. As a project supervisor, the most worrying is the project management. Ping, the company does not pay much attention to the methods and regularities of project management, many of the specific details of the specific details are completely a little experience with the directory of the project, and the little experience of the old comrades. After encountering a lot of problems, the author also begins to explore some laws and discuss online with peers, summarizing a little bit of their views.
What is project management? After a long-term exploration summary, project management has gradually developed into an independent discipline system in developed countries, and has become an important branch of modern management, and is widely used in many industries such as IT, finance, service, aerospace and engineering. Due to its attractive high annual salary and extensive employment prospects, project management has become the most hot "gold profession" that transcends MBA. Project management is undoubtedly the most popular industry in the next twenty years. So what is the project management? There are a lot of definition of project management, and the understanding of the textbook is: Project Management is to maximize internal and external resources in operation mode and management thinking mode, and complete the project objectives. Project management includes many levels: team management, risk management, procurement management, process management, time management, cost management, quality management, etc. The author's understanding is that project management is to complete a planned goal by reasonably organizing, using all resources that can be utilized, in accordance with the planned costs and planned progress. During the implementation of the project, the goal is likely to change, so costs and progress need to be adjusted.
How does the project supervisor solve the problem? According to the theory of white cat black cat, the only criterion for evaluating whether the project management is successful is whether the project is guaranteed to be completed on time. The current implementation of the current project is generally the responsibility system, and the project is responsible for the shoulders, what is easy to meet this goal of this success. In the process of project management, the author will often think about the following questions: How to set a hard project group in the case where there is not much room? The selection of members of the project team is very important. If an unsuitable candidate is arranged in a key position, this project is likely to be unfavorable. Of course, in existing human resources, it is not necessarily able to successfully select excellent talents and form a team that can fight. The author encounters this worst case: The project team only has experience in the executive, and other members have just graduated college students. Then the competent task is not only managed, but also takes a lot of time to cultivate these newers, let They can enter the predetermined role as soon as possible.
How to define the scope of the project member and define the work interface between them? This question is the "derived" of the saying. It is not a simple thing to put the live. The project supervisor first needs to know and familiarize the project team members, know their knowledge structure and capacity level; secondly must be very clear, and can divide and function on the project implementation process, and combine everyone Features assign specific tasks; in the end, it is important to note that the work interfaces between the team members are simple and interface definitions, avoiding the future to push and pull in the future.
How to accurately measure the workload of project members? People who have done the supervisor have encountered this problem: the work assigned to Jia, asked for a week, but in the past, he didn't finish it; the work to B is done, but he will do it a week. Dry. In fact, in the current project management, the measurement of workloads often rely on the experience of the supervisor to be subjectively judged, and this judgment is not different from person. Subjective judgment can result in large errors, and the accumulation of these errors ultimately leads to an increase in uncontrollable factors and expansion of project risk. How to communicate in a timely manner without disturbing the member of the project group? Nowadays, there are rarely have a single rim to get all the projects, often need the team to complete, then the team's spirit is particularly important. In the eyes of the average person, the technicians are generally proud, not well managed. The supervisor is not only to master good communication skills, but also good at emotional exchanges, helping to solve the practical difficulties in the work and life of the project team, so that they concentrate on their work. Good top and lower levels and related relationships have created a harmonious work atmosphere, and the probability of success of the project has increased.
How to evaluate project execution status, keep project progress at any time? In the process of project operation, if the report of the employee is not enough to master the progress of the project. In fact, employees are willing to report, they will not report, and the problem of problems in the initial period of the project, if they cannot be delivered, the big leakage will be caused in subsequent phases. The author believes that in addition to regularly listening to the report of the project team, it is also necessary to have a product policy to monitor the implementation of the project. The Insurance group is like a honest government, and does not participate in the specific implementation of the project, specializing in "picking" to others, or write some test procedures to find problems.
How to communicate and collaborate with customer units? Sometimes, the project has been implemented in the final stage, and the customer unit suddenly puts forward new requirements, which will make the supervisor very difficult. On the one hand, we must try to meet the needs of our customers, and on the other hand, it is not possible to make too much changes to the system, affect the progress plan. This situation often has problems with customers, indicating that it is not good enough during the demand phase, and does not contact customers during the implementation process.
How to complete the project task on time in many uncertainties and restrictions? The success of the project is affected by too many risk factors. The so-called "risk" is an uncertainty of loss; it is a given difference between a certain period of time. Its two basic features are uncertainty and losses. Project development is a possible loss of activities, regardless of the development process, it is possible to exceed budget or time delay. Few people can guarantee that development work must be successful, and there must be a certain risk and need to conduct project risk analysis. When conducting project risk analysis, it is important to quantify uncertainty and the degree of loss of every risk. Potential problems may have a negative impact on the project's plan, cost, technology, product quality and team morale. Risk management is recognized, handling and exclude before these potential issues cause damage to the project.
How to complete the project task while ensuring that the quality of the delivery results is guaranteed? The author's colleagues have done a project, pressed according to the budget, but the system is unstable, and some key technical indicators can not meet the national standard. The reason for this situation is: there is no division of clear function modules and interface relationships. Members are mutual accusations, and it is difficult to locate unstable roots, and there is no establishment of a massive group, failure to implement project process control well; excessively paying attention to the time of the project The progress, ignoring or concealing the previous small problem.
How to become an excellent project supervisor? The author believes that an excellent project supervisor is first an optimistic and confident person. His everything is considered in front, not to fail the failure, but in turn as a mother of success, learn lessons, where to fall there. Excellent project supervisors are not necessarily experienced, but there is a strong advancing and clear goal, and can communicate with others, encourage others to work together for common goals. Discussion on the characteristics of IT project management
IT projects have very significant features: urgency, uniqueness and uncertainty. The following is discussed below to discuss these characteristics and corresponding countermeasures for project management. The urgency of the urgency I T project determines the limited number of projects, which has a clear start or end point. When the target or forced termination, the project ends. With the rapid development of information technology, the life cycle of IT projects is getting shorter. Some project time is even a decisive factor, because the market timing is slightly over, if the implementation phase of the project is too long, the market share will be taken away by the competitors. At the beginning of an item, the supervisor must understand the time constraint of the project. Specifically to everyone, every task in the implementation of the project must clear the time requirements. Once the progress is not completed, there must be a sufficient objective reason, otherwise it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of the relevant personnel.
The uniqueness of the unique IT project is very prominent in the IT service field, but also providing products to customers not only provide different solutions based on their requirements. Even with ready-made solutions, it is also necessary to make certain customization according to the special requirements of the customer, so it can be said that each project is different. This uniqueness of the project has a very important guiding significance for actual project management. The project supervisor must explicitly describe or define the final product before the project begins. If you have to provide anything you can't define, or if you have not reached a consistent, it will easily dispute the product or service, resulting in unnecessary business and reputation loss. Even if it is defined to clear the goal of the project, the client unit will still adjust the implementation indicator, which is difficult to control, which requires the project team to have a good communication channel with the client unit, otherwise change, will never change forever .
Uncertainty of uncertainty IT projects means that the project is impossible to completely follow the prescribed budgets in the specified time. This is because the project plan and budget are essentially a prediction, and there is a difference in the actual situation during the implementation process. In addition, "risks" that will be encountered during the implementation process, which makes the project cannot operate according to the original prediction. For uncertainties, pay attention to the development of practical plans in project management. The author discovered research work, especially national projects, often had a "rear wall" principle. That is to say, the final completion time of the project is set, and the schedule of time progress is not planned during the specific implementation process. In the specific implementation, the end result of this method is either behind the wall, or the wall is barely, and the product has not yet the quality requirements. There is also a bad practice to excessively plan, so that very little things in the project are clear, but such a "detailed plan" is actually trying to accurately predict the future, it is also unrealistic, in the execution It is difficult to make adjustments with the actual consistency and have to be adjusted frequently. Analyze specific issues. Despite the project plan, there will still be a variety of implicated problems during the implementation process, and there are often no ready-made methods, which requires the project manager to master the necessary tool methods, master the overall process and key elements, flexible faces Yes, properly resolved.
Several questions that need to pay attention to the project management have some rules, but it is also a specific analysis of specific problems. If the hard sleeve is definitely a half. The following three cases are that the author has encountered in management, and now it is now discussed.
Management novice importance A project group except for the supervisor, all newbies! In fact, several project supervisors will be so lucky, and the project team members are rich in experience. Many people think that novices join the project in a short time, not only helping, but also need others to bring help. The author thinks it is just the opposite: Newcomers will bring some fresh ideas to the entire project team, excavate and guide this idea to newcomers training and fast work. It is very important. The company spent the money and recruiting, has been filtered through the personnel department, and has some basic knowledge. The supervisor can assign them some specific work to mobilize their enthusiasm. When training newcomers, you should pay attention to: project content training, let him understand the work content of the project team as soon as possible, the direction, purpose, and use of the project; give him a position in the role in the project group, clear his Responsibilities, and provide the necessary support; telling his questions that the project team management should pay attention to, let him integrate into the project team as soon as possible; try to train with the current project team, such as making him familiar with the project as soon as possible Tell him the future plan, and what he is going to do immediately; maintain a good communication, understand his progress, adjust the training plan according to the actual situation. The importance of the management document makes the project supervisor's most painful thing: when an important member leaves the project group halfway, I found that he did not leave any available documents at all. There is no banquet in the world, and members of the project team are also in dynamic adjustments, and the document is an important tool for handover between members. Many supervisors are easy to fall into the "heavy technology implementation, light document" misunderstandings. They always think that the project implementation time is urgent. In order to save time, you can write a document in the project collection phase. If the project cycle is slightly longer, the end, will members still remember the details of each implementation? Projects with no documents are ferrous as a failure project. From the perspective of process control, the implementation of quality control of the project is the most important thing to manage the management of documents. By documentation shows that each baseline, the workload of each member and the quality of the completion are minimized. The importance of the management platform The original project has no management platform, so there is no quantitative concept, and the management means is very backward. Last year, the author took the lead in introducing Microsoft Project2000 as the core project management software, and established an internal intranet project management platform based on the needs of the project, based on the needs of the project. After more than a year, the following effects have reached the following effects: Use the Project2000 to establish project plan information sharing portal, so that the technicians, the supervisor will see the task information related to themselves, and achieve the establishment of a status report to achieve their own work completion; Using the development of internal websites, electronic bulletins, etc., providing effective information communication pathway; establish a dynamic reminder mechanism according to project plan; establish a project data management system (DATA): Process related to the project and data related to data Effectively manage; electronic document management system (document management system, documentation, documents, etc., using centralized management, in order to organize, achieve full sharing and reuse, implementation through IE browser access Project document function; establish data logging to reflect changes control record, project documentation record.
