1.1. SQL Server development history
SQL Server is a relational database management system of Microsoft, but it comes from history, but starts with Sybase. SQL Server has been developed from the late 1980s, and the earliest Sybase SQL Server from 1987. SQL Server initially developed by three companies, Microsoft, Sybase, and Ashton-Tate, 1988, Microsoft, Sybase Company and Aston-Tate transplanted the product to OS / 2. Later, Aston-Tate exited the development of the product, and Microsoft, Sybase signed a joint development agreement. The joint development results of the two companies were released for SQL Server for Windows NT operating systems, 1992 To transplant SQL Server to the Windows NT platform.
After the release of SQL Server 4, Microsoft and Sybase have divided the development of SQL Server, and cancel the contract, each developing its own SQL Server. Microsoft focuses on SQL Server developments on the Windows NT platform, while Sybase is committed to the development of SQL Server on the UNIX platform. This article describes the SQL Server or MS SQL Server after Microsoft SQL Server.
The SQL Server6.0 version is the first version that is fully developed by Microsoft. In 1996, Microsoft launched the SQL Server 6.5 version, and then a 7.0 version with tremendous changes in 1998, this version has undergone fundamental changes in data storage and database engines. After two years of hard work, Microsoft has built SQL Server 2000 in September 2000, including four versions of the Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, Development, Personal Edition. From SQL Server 7.0 to SQL Server 2000, it is gradually gradually, and there is no change from 6.5 to 7.0, but it is only enhanced on the basis of SQL Server 7.0.
1.2. Features of SQL Server 2000
1.2.1. Internet integration
The SQL Server 2000 database engine provides complete XML support. It also has the scalability, availability, and security features required to constitute the data storage component of the largest Web site. The SQL Server 2000 programming model is integrated with the Windows DNA architecture to develop web applications, and SQL Server 2000 supports ENGLISH Query and Microsoft Search services, including user-friendly queries and powerful search features in the web application.
1.2.2. Scalability and availability
The same database engine can be used on a different platform, from a laptop running Microsoft Windows® 98 to a large multiprocessor server running Microsoft Windows 2000 Data Center version. SQL Server 2000 Enterprise supports functions such as Joint Servers, Index View, and Large Memory Support, which can be upgraded to the performance level required for the largest Web site.
1.2.3. Enterprise Database Function
The SQL Server 2000 relational database engine supports the functions required for today's harsh data processing environments. The database engine fully protects the data integrity, and minimizes the overhead of managed thousands of computed modified databases. SQL Server 2000 distributed query allows you to reference data from different data sources, as if this data is part of the SQL Server 2000 database, while distributed transaction supports the integrity of any distributed data update. Replication also allows you to maintain multiple data copies while ensuring that individual data replicas remain synchronized. A set of data can be copied to multiple movement of the detachment user, so that these users work autonomously, then combine their modifications to the release server. 1.2.4. Easy to install, deploy and use
SQL Server 2000 includes a series of management and development tools that improve the process of installing, deploying, managing, and using SQL Server on multiple sites. SQL Server 2000 also supports standard, programming models integrated with Windows DNA, making SQL Server databases and data warehouses into seamless parts that generate powerful scalable systems. These features enable you to quickly deliver SQL Server applications, allowing customers to implement these applications with minimal installation and management overhead.
1.2.5. Data Warehouse
SQL Server 2000 includes an analysis and analysis summary data for online analysis processing (OLAP). SQL Server also includes some tools that can be used intuitively designed databases and analyze data via ENGLISH QUERY.
1.3. The operating system supported by various versions of SQL Server 2000
Microsoft SQL Server 2000 version supports operating server software operating system
operating system
Corporate version
Standard version
Personal version
beta version
Desktop Engine
SQL Server
CE
Enterprise evaluation version
Microsoft Windows 2000 Datacenter
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Windows 2000 Advanced Server
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Windows 2000 Server
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Windows 2000 PROFESSIALAL
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Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Server Enterprise
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Windows NT 4.0 Server
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Microsoft Windows 98
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Microsoft Windows CE
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Note All SQL Server 2000 versions from SQL Server Windows CEs can run on any version of Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000, and Microsoft Windows 98. Only server components (such as database engines and analysis servers) must be used on specific versions of operating systems. For example, although SQL Server 2000 Enterprise is not running on Windows 2000 Professional, Windows NT Workstation or Windows 98, you can also install client software on these operating systems using SQL Server 2000 Enterprise CDs. The SQL Server 2000 Chinese version does not support the English version of NT 4.0 Enterprise Edition.
All software from SQL Server CE runs exclusive to the Windows CE operating system. 1.4. Microsoft's future "soul" -SQL Server 2005 probe
1.4.1. Killer code "yukon"
SQL Server 1.0 released from the 1989 Microsoft has now had a 15th year, in which SQL Server is from nothing, from small to large, experienced another legend. It not only ears the market share of IBM, Oracle database, but also the new generation of SQL Server has begun to gradually become the core of the future of Windows operating systems. The core of the "seamless calculation" of the Visiting China is the core of "Seamless Calculation" in the mouth is Yukon. What kind of world will be taken with the next generation of "yukon"?
1.4.2. Internet's "soft" pillar
In today's network era, all this has become a "soft" pillar that makes up the Internet network, and the database system is the most critical in this pillar. If there is no database support, we can't find the information you need in Google or Baidu, or it is impossible to use a quick and easy electronic mailbox, but the online world is completely a large database.
According to the latest data of IDC, the global database software market seems to be in the global revenue in 2003, reached $ 13.6 billion, grew up than $ 12.6 billion in 2002. Oracle, IBM and Microsoft currently controls 75% of market share. Oracle last year has a market share of 39.8%, IBM is 31.3%, Microsoft is 12.1%.
So what is the database? In the University's computer textbook, the database is explained in this way: the database is a system specifically managed in a computer application system. There are a variety of forms, such as text, digital, symbols, graphics, images, and sound, etc. Data is an object to be processed by all computer systems. One treatment method well known is to make a document, which is about to process the program to organize the data to be organized into a data file according to the program, and use the program file. The data file is maintained with the program file with a certain correspondence. In the case of a rapid development of computer applications, this document method is clear. For example, it makes the data versatility, not convenient to transplant, store a large number of repetitive information, waste storage, and inconvenience, etc. in different documents. The database system can solve the above problems. The database system does not start from a specific application, but is based on the management of the data itself. It saves all the data in the database, conducts a scientific organization, and with the database management system, it is an intermediary, and various applications Or apply the system interface to make it easy to use the data in the database.
This description is indeed very detailed, but you may see dizziness, in fact, simply, the database is a set of data after compiled, stored in one or more files, and the software managed by this database is called For the database management system. Generally, a database system can be divided into two parts: Database Management System (DBMS), all of which constitute all of the "soft" pillars of the Internet.
Microsoft's SQL Server as a variety of database software, starting to gradually become mainstream database software from 6.5 to 7.0, while SQL Server 2000 proves that the Windows operating system can also bear high-end data applications, as business applications Mainstream database management software, it breaks the myth of the large database software by UNIX, and what kind of change in the new generation of SQL Server 2005 is there? 1.4.3. Direct YUKON core confidentiality
In the planning phase of the next version of Microsoft SQL Server (codenamed "Yukon"), consider more database future development and SQL Server programming capabilities. Developers within Microsoft have already realized that the future must introduce more unified programming models, but also provide more flexibility for different data models. The unity of the programming model means that ordinary data access and operation tasks can be performed in a variety of ways, for example, you can choose to use the XML or Microsoft.Net framework or Transact-SQL (T-SQL) code.
The result of this plan is a new database programming platform, which has been extended in many ways. First, the host .NET Framework Public Language Runture (CLR) features the database to the field of process programming and hosting code. Second, .NET Frame Host Integration provides a powerful object database functionality from SQL Server. In-depth support for XML is implemented through a perfect XML data type, which has all functions of the relational data type. In addition, server-side support for XML queries and XQuery and XML architectural definition languages (XSD) standards is also added. Finally, SQL Server Yukon contains an important enhancement function of the T-SQL language.
The history of XML in SQL Server Yukon is actually started with SQL Server 2000. SQL Server 2000 introduces XML's format return relational data, a large amount of load and dividing XML document, and discloses the database object as a XML-based web service, but yukon provides more advanced XML query function, after Yukon will fully exert all the advantages of XML. Why is XML so key? In fact, XML develops from the initial replacement of HTML into a line format, and now it is seen as a storage format. The lasting storage in XML has attracted extensive attention, and there are many XML data types on the Internet. XML itself is a format that can span any system platform. It was originally used as a document format. Since XML has been widely recognized in large enterprises, users have started using XML to solve tricky business problems, such as data integrated. This makes XML as a data storage format to today, since XML can show the same effect on any platform, XML has gradually become a database mainstream storage format. YUKON This built-in XML comprehensive support will trigger a new database technology revolution.
These new programming models and enhanced languages create a range of programmable, they supplement and extend current relational database models. The end result of this architecture is capable of creating more scalable, more reliable, and robust applications, and improving the work efficiency of developers. Another result of these models is a new application framework called SQL service agent - a distributed application framework for asynchronous messaging.
1.4.4. Yukon joins the century gambling
In front of us talked a large string technology application, you may be very curious at this time, why should we introduce a database software technology that seems to be high-end applications? Maybe we should now unveil the answer.
The richest people on the Earth like this to predict the computer's future, he believes that in the future world, every ordinary computer will have a large enough super hard disk, to that time our hard drive is no longer just 80GB, very It may be 80TB, although it is just a GB change TB, but this means that the hard disk capacity has increased by 1000 times. In the NTFS format of the existing Windows storage hard disk data, it is not possible to cope with such a large hard disk data search capability. Speaking of an image, if you have a 100TB hard disk space, you still use Windows XP, you need to organize disk debris is probably two nights, if you want to find a file, You will be enough for a few hours. This feeling seems to return to 286 era. In order to solve this tricky problem, the next generation of Windows operating system Longhorn decides to adopt a distinct programming mode with previous Windows. Its core is Avalon. Avalon is a new GUI library for Windows. The new Longhorn introduces new features of Indigo (Web Services) and Winfs (File System). Including Avalon, these three new functions are called WinFX. Winfx is a new "local" API of Longhorn. Although it is increasing to be compatible with the current Win32 API, you must use Longhorn's new features, WinFX must be used in general. WinFX is now the extension of the current .NET Framework. The class used in .NET Framework, WinFX is also available in WinFX Support, the running mechanism of the WinFX support is basically the same as .net.
.NET Framework will be the main version upgrade when SQL Server Yukon is supplied, and the specific date is expected to be at the end of 2004. YUKON will run on the .NET Framework. You can use the .NET Framework class library in Stored Procedures. YUKON runs .NET Framework is version 2.0, will append a multimedia-related class that is not available in .NET Framework 1.1. Winfs uses the YUKON engine. That is, in Longhorn, the file system will use the database engine.
Do you understand this time, in the next generation of Windows operating systems, the management of the entire file data will introduce SQL Server's structure management, and our computer's data query capabilities, data integration capabilities will greatly improve. Of course, this is a crucial step for the "seamless calculation" that is constantly speaking. Microsoft, letting database software and operating system integration projects have undoubtedly a century gambling, if successful, Microsoft will gradually become The database of the database, but if it fails, this is almost even dragged down the timetable for the next generation of Windows.
1.5. SQL Server compared to Oracle
According to market surveys from the United States, in the Windows NT database software market, the world's largest software manufacturer - Microsoft has surpassed Oracle, sitting on the head and chair, in the NT database market, Microsoft has passed with Oracle .
In September 2001, Oracle launched its own new Oracle software - Oracle9i, and started Oracle9i's publicity in its "Think Fast, Think Simple, Think Smart", and leading sheep in the database market - Oracle Company I started the effort to defend the dominance. At this point, the database market has started a new round of the battle. Whether it is Oracle, or Microsoft is a number of big companies in the world, Oracle Software and Microsoft SQL Server software are also developed by the world-class development team, and both companies claim that their software is the best, then two Who is the software? Microsoft has no unattended, and its development process can be summarized as "starting with desktop operating system, and then barted into server software, and now we wholehearted the development of Internet software". In 1987, it entered the database field. Today, the market share of Microsoft SQL Server is second only to Oracle, ranking second in the world, is a leader in the world software industry.
Lift the database, the first company you think, usually it will be Oracle. Oracle was founded in 1977. It was originally a company specializing in developing a database. Its original intention is to establish a database management system. Today, Oracle has developed many excellent applications and service procedures, far beyond its original intention, become The world's second largest software company. Oracle has been in the database field. In 1984, the relational database was first turned on the desktop computer. Then, Oracle's next version, version 5, the first to introduce a new concept of distributed databases, client / server structures, etc. Oracle's version 6 started lock mode and symmetrical multiprocessing computer support ... Oracle8 mainly increases object technology, becoming a relationship - object database system, Oracle8i adds Internet features. At present, Oracle products cover dozens of models such as large, medium and small machines, and the Oracle database has become one of the most widely used relational data systems in the world.
As a universal database system, Oracle has a complete database function that stores a large amount of data, definition, and operational concurrent control, security control, integrity control, fault recovery, and advanced language interfaces. Oracle is still a distributed database system that supports various distributed functions, especially support Internet processing. As an application development environment, Oracle provides a set of interface-friendly, fully fully equipped database development tools, enabling a good application development environment. Oracle uses the PL / SQL language to provide all operations with openness, executable, scalability, etc. Especially in Oracle 8i, support object-oriented features, such as support classes, methods, properties, etc., making Oracle products called an object / relational database system.
1.5.1 Comparison of SQL Server and Oracle Product Features
1.5.1.1. Openness of the database operation platform
Oracle can run on all major platforms (including Windows) and fully support all industrial standards, so customers can take advantage of many third-party applications, tools, gateways, and management utilities. Oracle adopts an open policy that allows customers to choose a solution that best suits them. SQL Server is only running on Windows, the goal of this proprietary policy is to lock customers in a Windows environment, which can be said to be a double-edged sword, which is both conducive to the development of SQL Server and its market share. . Since SQL Server is tiered on a Windows platform, only the openness and reliability of SQL Server can be further improved with the improvement of Windows operating system reliability, openness, and performance. 1.5.1.2. Performance ratio
People choose a database product, of course, first consider the performance of the database product, and also care about how much money can be used to build and run a set of Oracle or SQL Server database systems. These money not only contain the cost of the initial purchase software, hardware, but also contain maintenance, training costs. Both companies claim that their performance is better. In fact, Oracle has focused on product reliability and practicality, and Microsoft is more focused on product prices. Due to the reason for the operating system, the reliability of SQL Server is generally considered, while the initial spending cost of Oracle on the other hand is relatively high, especially when considering the factors of tool software, Oracle compared to SQL Server free tool software, Oracle Due to the price. So, when considering what software used, you should consider it according to your business needs and infrastructure.
1.5.1.3. Tool Software
Enable databases to install, use, and manage - combinedly called "simple" - is a key factor in reducing costs. Microsoft products have easy-to-use reputation, and in many ways, SQL Server is more likely to make people feel easier. The ENTERPRISE Manager is an integral part of the SQL Server software, providing users with an integrated management console to centrally manage multiple servers. Oracle also has its own business manager, its performance has improved with the improvement of the version, and some even exceeds SQL Server Enterprise Manager, but it is difficult to install, and some of the better components need to be purchased. SQL Server is seamlessly integrated with Windows operating system, Microsoft is always bundled with all software features, unless the user needs other operating packages, otherwise the function is sufficient. Oracle handed the tool software to third-party software vendors to develop, high cost, especially in the case of someone else's software, this problem is more prominent.
1.5.1.4. Database performance
What database is the database? This is actually a problem that is difficult to answer, because there are many uncertainties, including processing types, data distribution, and hardware infrastructure. In February 2002, Microsoft claimed that the SQL Server 2000 BATA2 version of the Windows2000 operating system runs up to 22,7079 transactions with a maximum record. After Oracle, Microsoft recovered the test results and gave higher test results in October, almost twice the previous. This test is useful in many ways, but does not explain the operational performance of each user application. Some experiences have shown that Oracle databases are better than SQL Server in a long time, but SQL Server is better than the Oracle database in terms of cluster technology. 1.5.2. Outlook Oracle and SQL Server
Oracle9i has been released. It enhances the new features of e-commerce, enhances support for Internet applications, providing an online transaction processing (OLTP) environment for large data volume, query-intensive data warehouse, and demanding Internet applications , Reliable and secure data management capabilities.
The next generation of SQL Server 2000 YUKON is expected to be launched this year. YUKON mainly enhanced features are probably a cluster, each server is handled by data processing, manages memory, locking, and transaction processing, while maintaining other and internal contacts in the cluster, can do one machine in the cluster can not work Do not affect the work of the entire system.
In summary, in order to account for the opportunity in competition, the two companies will continue to develop better and more complete database management systems. Oracle's advantage is that many companies have invested in the development of related hardware products and software products, and Microsoft itself is a mountain. In the end, the company will win in the fierce competition, let us wait and see, no matter who is gone, benefiting is always the user.
