Ancient Greek foreign war, talking about the military and combat power of Rome, Greece
Gu Jian
Like most military enthusiasts, I am interested in military and starting from reading World War. Since the age of 11, from the father's unit library to the memoirs "Grid Heroes" began, nearly 20 years, still in World War II. However, after all, only 6 years later, after the undergraduate undergraduate, began to have more serious interest in the ancient war, because the pictures of the Xiangcaiwitz, Jomini are to elucidate the experience of Napoleon War. The lesson is the main rise to the theoretical height, so it is gradually expanding to the European modern, medieval and classical era, as well as the military history of ancient China and Mongolia, Arab, Ottoman. There is a feeling that there is no new thing in the history of human military history before the terrorist balance of nuclear weapons. The technology is in the revolution, but winning war, in fact, there are several eternal military laws to work, like macromogenesis, protection, firepower, coordination, speed, and more. Single from military history, sometimes I feel that the history of the ancients is more legendary, giving a space for people. Western classical era, Greece Rome, like China's first Qinshan, is a great era, and the era of heroic legend.
The historical facts of this article basically comes from Duppi's "The Evolution of War" and Fuller's "Western World Military History", and the discussion is my own view.
1. Typical Army Organization of Macedonia
To understand the fighting power of ancient Greek army, we must first understand its military system. In this paragraph, I refer to Macedonian Wang Fili Pu 2th and Alexander, the typical army organization of the Greek City State, Pispada, Athens, and Crest. In general, the Greek peninsula, the terrain is broken, not suitable for cavalry fight, so typical Greek City Bang Army, cavalry is very small. Infantry divided into the infantry and light sleeve. The heavy refinement is the absolute strength of the Greek army. Re-refinement of the armor: head wearing a helmet, the upper body batch breastplate, the calf is also wrapped on the tibia, the left hand is a small round shield, the right hand is spent, the length is between 2-3 meters. Despite the heavy refinement waist, it is rarely taken out, the main weapon is still a spear, which is different from the later Ancient Roman Legion. So many equipment, a bit like a backed armor in the later generation, but there is no horses, which means two things: First, the body of the soldier must exercise very strong, and the second is the motorcycle when working. The heavy refinement is the upper free citizen of the respective city-states. It is responsible for hardship, and is also discipline. Light sleeve is not so many armor, but there are also different degrees of protection, the main role is to support heavy rebounds and logistics. There is also a very important special light dragonfly, like a bow archer, a stone soldier. The source of light trekiers is a comparative class.
When fighting, both sides try to find a battlefield as much as possible, otherwise the intensive squares of the heavy infantry can cause the rugged ground movement to cause the outward and the frontal crushing of the front. Remember this, because almost every Greek army's defeat is related. The heavy refinement is a long crossball, with a depth of 8-12 rows. The soldiers in front of the front row are spend on the enemy, and the people behind will take the long spear rack on the shoulders of the front people, the whole paragraph is like a giant thorn. The two wings and front are light pedestrips and a small number of cavalry cover. The battle begins, first archery, torch the stone, and disrupt the opponent's array, and then re-step the soldiers, and rushed to the enemy as a mall. In this intensive team, individuals want to retreat, while maintaining a formation, requires soldiers to have strict disciplined and well-trained.
2. The combat power of the Greek Army in the Wave War
As can be seen from the above description, the classic Greek square is more monotonous. I think it's weakness. Strong points are two: weakness One is that the body's physical requirements is high, and the second is to high, and it is a motor. Difference, four is once the formation is disordered, and the power is completely lost. Strong point is that as long as it keeps the formation, the momentum of the intensive team impact is amazing, and the second is that the soldier's personal protection is much better than the Persian army, so even if the team is intertwined, it is not afraid of the opponent's attack. On the contrary, the Persian military has established the first high-efficiency cavalry in ancient Western History from the founding of the founding of the country. It is more auxiliary military species in ancient Western History. . And in the Wave War, Persia occupies quantitation, but their problem is that the combat efficiency of infantiers is not as good as the Greeks, and the Bunding of the Empire comes from various tribes, coordinated difficulties and discipline. However, in the synthesis, I think it is in fact that the Persian army (plus its quantitation), theoretically better than the Greek army. But it is very strange, even in the first, secondary Hippo war before the Alexander Great, the Greek Army is also more than a lot. why? The first Hippa War is Persian testive action, or it is also a disciplinary action. The number of Persian Army is not obvious. It was 490 BC. At that time, Persia was the first high Empire across the Ouya, from the historic, from the role of the four people (Jurs, Gambisia, Hystaspes, Dr. Museum). The Greek world is a series of city-state countries, never uniform, and most of the city-state alliances. The Greek City State is not limited to the Greek peninsula, but also in Asia's small Asia Peninsula (today's Turkey). In Troy War, Troji is the Greek City State on the Chiya Peninsula. At that time, the Greek City State of Xiaoyaia has been surrendered in the Persian Empire.
At that time, the Greek city-state rebellion under Persian rule, and Athens soldiers supported this rebellion. After the Persian Empire filed the rebellion, the army was sent to Athens. The decisive battle of the first Hippa War is the war of marathon. Before this battle, the Persian actually had a high strategy. They have contacted the Lord and Party in Athens City. These master and school hopes to cooperate with the Persian army to win the rightness of Athens, so the Persian army has not landed near Athens, but there is a distance from Athens (actually 42 km. Left and right, the modern marathon's long-distance running distance) The landscape is to bring the Athens army to the city, and the Persi occupy the city in the fifth column of the city in Athens, then eliminates the Athens Army Army in the field. The Persian fell to the hunger, and the Athens Army was transferred to the marathon under the command of Callimachus. The strength was 10,000, and 10 groups were divided into 10 groups. However, the Persian's tactical implementation has leaked in the battlefield: When the Army Army, when the Persian army came, the Persian army (10,000 people) began to implement their next strategic plan: re-boat Another location landing, preparing to have a milesty, an Athens city. This is a very high-raceful, but the Athens army has come too fast. They have adopted the only feasible countermeasures under this situation: immediately attacked the defender of the Persian army. Under the command of the day of the day, the Athens Army actually hits its semi-ferry and easily won the marathon battle. The Persian army lost 6,700, 192 people in Greece, including the commander Callimachus. After the war, Milltess horse sent a long running health to the Athens City to report (the origin of the modern marathon movement), this victory has finally stabilized the situation in the city, so that the fifth column of Persia did not dare to mess.
In this war, the victory of the Greek army has a large extent, the Persian army should not host the boat, and Persia is just a disciplinary action, there is a nature of the Trial Greece, not a large-scale intrusion. So I think that the victory of the Marathon's battle does not convince the military's combat power. The Second Hippo war broke out after 9 years, the buses, the New Emperor of the Persi, invaded Greece with the soldiers of the country. The modern historian is estimated to the Persian force, from 150,000 to 180,000, and the ancient Greek "Father" Hedodod, the record is an incredible 2.64 million people! (It must be greatly exaggerated). The decisive battle of the Second Hippo War is a hot spring battle and the salamis funeral. The Saramis War and the Army theme of this article have nothing to do, and I plan to write in the future in the "Ancient and New Seven Maritime". The hot spring battle is a famous war in ancient Greece. When he was secondary school, the CCTV was still broadcasting the movie of the warfare of the hot springs on Saturday night. Many people think that the hot springs are the 3% of the Sparta, in fact, this 300 people are only Li Aidad's near-demand army, plus the light sleeve and the auxiliary force, the Greek army is about 7,000 To 8,000, they confrontation with the main strength of Hot Springs and the Persian Army. Before the natural risk such as the spa, the quantitation of the Persian army did not play, and once again proved that in the front collision, the Persian light arm is not the opponent of the Greek armor, and it also proves that in the broken mountainous terrain, Persian The elite cavalry also does not play power. Later, a rebellious Greek EPLRIALTES made Xue Xis, so that Xue Xis came from the back of the hot spring, cut off the Greek traffic line, Li Aidad's abdomen, there is no insurance So, the Spartan Wang himself and the hot springs were annihilated.
However, in the Saramis Marriage, the Greek Union's Navy was countered, and the Bosa Navy was decisively destroyed. Xue Xis's a mountainous country country in Greece, no navy delivery is replenished, and it is unable to maintain a huge army force, so I have to withdraw the invasive army to Persian. But the Second Hippass War did not end. Xue Xis still left a 300,000-person Army in the northern part of the Greek Peninsula (the record of the Cambridge, the ancient history of Cambria is 100,000), which is affected by the general Madonius.
In 479 BC, the Greek Army Army was led by Pasanias, Sparta, and attacked the Persian army, so the last decisive battle in this war broke out, the battle of Pilatea. (Sparta's king is selected, there are always two kings in the same time). This battle was very concentrated to expose the advantages and disadvantages of the hostilities. In the early days of the battle, both sides had a long confrontation, once broke out several small-scale encounters and foreigners. At first, the Persian cavalry launched an attack to the Greek army soldiers in a rugged terrain that was not suitable for cavalry fighting, and the result was heavy. The post-Persian commander learned the lesson, using the flexible characteristics of cavalry mobile, constantly attacking the Greek military's military replenishment. On the other hand, in the encounter with the Greek Army, try not to confront the Greek parallel infantry, but use the advantages of our own joint arms, and constantly kill the Greek Army with the remote firepower of the archers and the stone soldiers. The result of the two armies, the Greece did not take any cheap, and the replenishment has undergone problems, and I have to prepare for retreat.
The retreat plan of Psarnias is originally a military array, and then the night is covered, and a part is retreat. However, there has been a delay in the plan execution, the center of the front retreats, the right wing retreats half, when the left wing is not moved, the sky is bright, and the action was discovered by the Persian army, so it evolved into a life and death battle. At the beginning of the war, the Situation of the Greece is very critical, not only in the motor movement, but also the Persian Marshal Madonius adopts the right tactics, to give the Greek army to the Greek army with a dense remote fire. But shortly, Madenius made a tactical error: he ordered the infantry main assembly after the first-line archer and the rider, the purpose I guess it might be preparing to jump out to the Greece decisive, or ready to pursue. However, in this way, a large number of Persian army is a group, and the first line of troops have lost their retardation. Spartan Wang Psanias seized this fighter, gathered from the Greek armor inference, violently went to the Persian army. Because as long as it is close, the Persian army does not make a distance, and the shooting soldiers and cavalry will not play. In the melee and melers, the Persian soldiers are also very brave, but they use weapons technology (that is, martial arts) There is no Greek warrior, and there is no Greek warrior (no hand shield). Even so, with the quantitation of the Persian army, they may also submerge the Greek army, but this time, the Persian Marshal Madonius himself was killed in the chaos. Because the Persian army is the crowd of all ethnic groups, it is not worrying, and the core is dead, and the whole army will collapse. After this battle, the Greeks essentially clear the Persian aggressor in the Greek Peninsula. It can be seen from the Pratiian Battle, Persia is in a light sleeve, shooting soldiers, cavalry these assisted arms, in fact, the number of infantry is also advantageous, but it is worse than in infantry quality and discipline. As long as the commanders of the two sides have the advantage of the enemy's advantages and disadvantages, they have the opportunity to win.
After the Second Hippass War, the Tie Hui War (Alexander Expedition Persian) has also taken a famous event that shows the name of the Greek square battle characteristics, is "Nuoen Ven's Retreat". After the Second Hippo war, the Greek world has no worries, so Sabada and Athens have burst into a 30-year Bonnisa war for Greek world hegemony. The result of the war ended in Athens. During the peaceful period after the long-term war, many Greece's professional warriors did not work, so there were a large number of mercenaries. Persian hires many of these mercenaries. In 401 BC, the Governor of Persian, Xiao Yawa, who is a rush, and there is a lot of Greek employers in his army. The Ruoru soldiers were killed, and the Greek hired military infantry under his hand did not move. The Persian government military uses Hongmen banquet, pretending to negotiate, and homes all the generals of the Greek mercenaries, but the Nenophone of Athens is tangled in the army and quickly returns to the order, then led this 10,000 Greece. Mercenary, under the Persian government army, from the hinterland of the Asian, completely retreat to the Greek border. This matter has been described in detail in synovan. Until modernity, successful retreat under difficult conditions, often referred to as "Nuofen Returning" in the West, is this like China's Long March?
The Tie Xibo war is the expedition of the Greek coalition to the Persian Empire. This battlefield in the vast Asian hinterland, if the Greek's combat method is still like the old suit and monotonous, then I want Persia to play their troops And the advantages of "fire", and now in the Persian, there are also a large number of Greek mercenaries. From the perspective of the square tactics, Greece has not talked about what tactical advantages. But it is very unfortunate to the Persian. This time they have to face the Emperor of the Western History - Alexandria; and the Alexander Emperor is a new Joint Joint Army. 3. Military Reform of Philip II and Alexander Great
After the Second Hippo War, the Greek world and the world were competing for hegemony, Athens, Sparta, and Biths were close to success, but they were exhausted in the year war. At this time, the King Philip III of the Northern Mountain, the world, conducted military reform. The Macedonian military reform is the most important, which is more elite cavalry than a typical Greek army. The Macedonian cavalry has a certain armor protection, a bit like a heavy cavalry in the later generation, but it is not so heavy, the main weapon is a spear and a sword. After reform, the spear has been reform, the plane is 4 to 5 meters, and the plane is flat at hand, the spear head is obliquely, and the first enemy in the thorn is left on the enemy's body, then pull out the sword to slash. The most elite cavalry near Guard (Greek original call is accompanied by cavalry, because when combat is often associated with the king, but I am here to compose the near-guard cavalry), all by the aristocrats, ancient Greek is still right, always deploying in the square The right wing is personally leading the battle by the king. The Macedonian infantry is also more combat than typical Greek squares. Founder Steeringman uses a spear of 4-5 meters, you can kill your opponent when you are in your opponent. The square is in depth of 16 people, doubled than the ancient Greek, but the form is not so dense, leaving a gap, so it is better than the traditional square. The first 4 or 5 martial arts spearheads are aligned, and there is a long tilt in front of each of the long spears, and some are vertical. Macedonia also attaches great importance to the light pedestrian. Because of the usual situation, the square strokes are the base and defensive center. The cavalry near the guard is the attack, the speed of the cavalry must be faster than the square, then the two There must be a void, this weakness will be covered by a light stepping. The light sleeper also has a helmet, just slightly, a spear is slightly short, but the shield is even greater, and when the operation is deployed behind the right wing cavalry near the guards. After the cavalry launched the charge, it was launched a motor hub between cavalry and square.
Note that the cavalry at this time has no horse, and the horse is in the middle of the Middle Ages after hundreds of years. Although there is no horse's cavalry, the power has played a big discount, but it does not hinder the cavalry to become an important arousing of the time.
My opinion is that Macedonian military organizations almost all the weaknesses of the classical Greek quarry, but because the infantry is still alerted by the intensive formation, there is still a negative wounded weakness. This requires a wise, if the commander understands that chooses the right battlefield terrain, then the impact of this combat method is actually higher than the Later Roman Legion. We can't say that US military scholars said, if this army is always commanded by Philip or Alexander, it can overcome any army of the entire cold weapon era after 1,000 years.
4. Gaogamira Battle Mid Mao Don Army's Combat
Philip II led the Macedonian army to become the super power of the Greek world, his son, young Alexander Wenwu, not only the Bay of the Greek philosopher Aristotle, but also assisted Philip Command in the army. . Philip is assumed, and a strong Alexander, who is 20 years old, and the Greek world who siege to Macedonia. Alexander is the next year (335 BC), I made a Greek world's alliance, collecting a Greek coalition, with the Macedonian army as the main force, expedition Persia, and starting the first hippo war. Amanda Dado's expeditionary Persian process, a total of 3 large-scale global war (the fourth meeting is to Indian King Polas): The expedition of the Grani River Battle of the Persian Governor's Governor, first defeated Persian Emperor The Battle of the Issus, and finally defeated the Best of the Persian Emperor and the main force of the Emperor of the Emperor (also known as the Abera Battle). The Battle of Gaogamilla as the last hit against the Persi Empire, not only the largest, but also reflects the operational characteristics of the Macedonian army. It is the universal Alexander 's total of 40,000 steppers and 7 thousand cavaliers. It is the number of union armed military commanders that are far from the command of the Daries. The most conservative estimate is 200,000. Some estimated 1 million) Among them, there is not only the infantry cavalry, but also the Greek mercenary, elephant, and the chariot of long hooks. I have asked if I have asked, why is the service driver not to use their own quantitation and surround Alexander? In fact, both sides have thought of this, and there are corresponding actions. Especially the commander of Alexander, it is impossible to do not expect to be surrounded by the opponent's dominant force before the war, and he also has a prior arrangement. Like his colleagues, Alexander's Question rate is the main force in the right wings. But in the past, he arranged a second line behind the main array, composed of two halves, and the task was able to expand the two sides or back to the back of the army, so that the entire army constitutes one Hollow generic array can face any direction.
At the beginning of the battle, Macedonia and the Persian army extended to the right-wing direction of the Macedonian army. The Persian army was going to be roundabout. The Macedon army was to avoid being rounded. I think this is a little better than the MUN River Battle, Germans and the ADO National Army Scene to the sea. When the soldiers discovered that the results of the two armies may be selected by Persia, they have been set out in advance and have been flat, so that when the chariot will play the powerful booking battlefield, the left-wing cavalry will start attack, cut the right wings of the horse and go back as soon as possible. At this time, the Persian cavalry is also a helmet protection. The first stage and Macedonian right-wing cover the struggle of the strife, but Macedonia's cavalry (not the main force of the near guards) stabilized the front, and the central part of Macedonia Lightly, the soldiers cover the troops, also use bows and trees to stop the chariot charge of the Persian army.
At this time, there was a decisive thing in the Battle of Mila, the number of cavalry in the Persian wing, still returned to the right wing of Alexander, but there was a void connection between the Persian left and the central, Alexander. This fighter, the right-wing elongated near-guard cavalry, along with the four heavy-sighted array of the central, fierce the in the middle of the Persian army, which is the place where the Persian Jialin and the big spectacle. The Chinese army immediately became a group, and the emperor fled and took out the battlefield. This greatly affects the morale of the Persian army. Although this tribe joint army is huge, it is not easy to be bundled and coordinated, and once it is easy to "criticize", this and the north and south dynasty The truth of the water is the same.
However, the Macedonian army has also happened at this time: Because Alexander's rate is too fast, the speed is too fast, and the center of the front of the front is not too late to fill this gap, the Caval Cavalry of the Persian army is also Break through the central part of the Macedonian line. At this time, it was the most critical juncture of the Macedonian army. However, the Persian cavalry did not know because of poor tactical discipline, or the commander couldn't see this. He had given up such a great opportunity to move forward forward, pounce toward Macedonian military camp (it is said to close the captured Persian Emperor's family, It is possible that they want to rescue the royal family or robbed the war. At this time, the Second Line Preparation Team of Macedonia followed the deployment before Alexander Wars, re-enclosed the breakthrough, cut off the Boss cavalry and attacked them from behind. At the same time, Macedonia left wings inevitably be rounded by the Persian army, which has been surrounded. But the Persians still want to seek victory late, because Alexander has defeated the Persian's left and central, then turn off the horse head, cut off the Bosh army, and finally the Persia is big. For this ancient world classic battle, I personally summarize the reason for the winning and negative from five aspects. The first two factors were the master of the commander Yaman, and the factors were the characteristics of Persian and Macedonian military system: the first is that Alexander is expected to be surrounded by the possibility of being surrounded by Alexander. It is the enemy's first, and the other is to grasp the fighters very accurately in the battlefield, and the decisive moment can be determined in the decisive moment. The people of the war cannot be obtained, not the lovers who talk about our paper can be engaged. The discipline and quality of Macedonian officers and soldiers are really the key to winning. It is not easy to make a mobile phone when it is roundabout, surrounded, and is broken, and it is very difficult to make a motor movement accurately in advance deployment. Gao Ming's intention, but also to have a good department to play, how many times in history is the commander, but is a failed failure of the part? Not to mention, the Marathon's battle in the Hippo war is the advantage of Persian Squain, but it is too uncomfortable on the battlefield. Fourth, the Greek world finally had an elite cavalry that can be competed with Persia in Macedonian military reform. If this war has changed the first or second Hippo war, winning is unimaginable. . Fifth, the Persian army has a typical weaknesses of many mullets - the number of seemingly numbers, but they can't be tailored, it is difficult to coordinate, and lack of discipline, it is easy to have, this is the battle of Cao Cao in Chibi, the former Qin in the battle of the water The failure is the same.
5. Ancient Roman Legion Military System with Greek Competition
After Alexander Damn, he split into 4 parts with a huge Macedonian Empire who conquered by one person. In addition to Macedonia and the farthest India, the Asian part of the Asian sulus (SELEUCIDS, also translating the Guange) Inheritance, this is a sedimental empire of Polygonia, who is in the later generation and the Roman Empire, and Claisa and others fight. Egypt was inherited by PTOLEMY, which is the Torgi Dynasty in Egypt, directly from the neighbrees and Caesar married Egyptian brilliant Clock.
After the Split of the Alexander's Empire, the Greek world is still in Macedonia. In the West, and the Greek peninsula is in the middle of the Aedria Sea, Rome gradually flourished and began to conquer the external conquest. The origin of the Romans can always be traced back to the hero in Homer's epic. He wanders from the sea from the sea to the Italian peninsula. His future generation is the Roman Luo Brothers in Rome. Initially, Rome's impact also could not reach the extent to the Greek conflict. The military organization of the ancient Roman Legion and the Greek square are quite different. Probably in the Alexander Dynasty, the Roman Legion's combat system was gradually formed. Most netizens know about 5,000 compilation of the ancient Roman Legion. The brigade, the brigade and the hundred people are divided into teenagers, young soldiers, strong soldiers, and olders. But how does the Roman Legion fight? First of all, the ancient Roman Legion is the earliest use of the short sword in the history of Western ancient times, rather than a troops as the main weapons. Roman short sword is 60 to 80 cm, and there is more than 5 cm wide, it is heavy. And Macedonical spear, the sword is a close-war fighting weapon, one inch short, so the shield is much larger than Greece, a long round of 1 meter 3 wide 60 cm, and the wooden skin is reinforced with metal strips. In addition to the sword soldiers also bring two meters long insulation guns, when fighting, first, one junction, chaos the other team, and then rush to the opponent. Because the Roman Legion uses a sword, the biggest essential essential difference between the Greek square in the intensive formation is a more evacuation, which is natural, because people and people have to leave a sword. Overall, the Roman Legion main body is the battlefield of the board format. The so-called squaders are not rowing soldiers, but the small square array. The first row is the young soldiers, the second row of strong soldiers, and the elderly soldiers. Each row consists of several square arrays. Each square is a team of one or two hundred people, 20 people wide, with a depth of 6 to 7, the square array and the square array are slightly greater than one square array. interval. The second row of each square array is aligned with the gap between the first row, and the first row of row of adjacent the second row of voids. This is the main lineup of the Roman Legion, and there is also a cavalry covering force, but the Roman Legion's cavalry does not develop, just the role of covering the flank. When fighting, the Legion first took the sign to shoot, then the first crossing team moved forward, and the enemy's melee, after exhaustion, the second crossing team walked through the gap of the first crossing team, replacing the battle, the soldiers who were withdrawn, re-group, prepare And then on. The entire legion is not working in combat and requires strict organizational discipline.
What we are talking here is the preparation of the Legion, the early Republic of the Gulum and the Republic, is not a Caesar Emperor's Army. With the size of Rome, the number of citizens of Rome is insufficient, and the people of the Legion have been admitted to people and mercenaries in other cities, take the initiative and dedication. The Roman colleeper, the governor "Tuton and Senbri Conqueror" Mall has conducted military reforms around 100 years in BC, using the brigade as a basic unit of the small square, 4 each horizontal row, 3 The three brigade square, and the soldier canceled the Soldier in accordance with the law of the age team, there was no distinction between young, strong, and elderly. Each brigade is 50 people, with a depth of 8 to 10, and each person is about 2 meters. The Legion still chess on the plate. This kind of alarm format of the army, you can see the whole picture from the old movie "Spartacus" (as if the movie is movie, "the" Capener ", reflecting is not very clear).
Briefly, Mall later defeated the political enemy "lucky person" Sura, and began the Sudan dictatorship of the Republic. It is the background of the beginning of the novel "Spartacha". After Sura disease, Mallor's nephew Caesar and "great people" Pang Pen, Krasu, Pingzbadhax, the "front head" political alliance, and later defeated Pang Pen in Caesa, become a dictator By. After Caesar, his righteous and the grandson of the Grand Sun, and the Anthony, Raybida became "post-head" alliance, fixed the republic. The House Evil defeated Anthony and Egyptian Queen Kerottra in the Aktim's battles (this section is the story of the film "Egyptian"), and then established the Roman Empire, the roof is the Roman Empire. Open the national emperor Augustus However, Mark's improved Roman legion system has been passing by Caesar Emperor, Augusto, to 300 years after BC, these four hundred years of playing all over the world, basically there is no change. I feel that the characteristics of the Greek square tactical ratio, the Roman Legion, the first is the melee, followed by evacuation, because the formation of evacuation is good, and there is a strong adaptability to the terrain. But the impact on the flat, is not as good as Macedonia's conver vectors.
6. Roman Legion and Macedonian Fragment: Rome Conquest Greece
Probably in Alexander's era, Rome began to conquer the journey of other urban people on the Italian peninsula. The War of Rome and Macedonia occurred in Alexander's death for more than 100 years. It is more than 100 years in Marka Military reform, probably and everyone is more familiar with the hiding war (famous Hanni, Xiban, " The feeding strategy "that era) is the same era. A total of a total of Macedonia war. The first Macedonian war occurred in 217 BC, then Rome has just been in contact with the Greek world, and the King Macedonia is Philip Five. This war did not have decisive, because the main energy of Rome was concentrated in the second cloth war against Carthai, the historical name of Carthard Hanni invaded the Italian peninsula, so Rome has no ability. At the same time with Macedonia. The first Macedonian war ends with both parties and the end of the battle.
The Positive Squares of the Roman Legion and the Macedonian array occurred in two battles in the Second and First Macedonian war. The second cloth hooded war with the Roman name "Afrijia" Xiba, the end of the end, in order to limit Macedonia in the Greek world, the Roman President Flaminininininin is invaded into Greece. Outbreak a second Macedonian war. In 197, the Roman Legion and the Macedonian King Philip Phali V. Cynoscephulae, in the valley of Cynoscephulae, there were approximately 20,000 people in both sides, because the fog is filled, both parties Not ready, becoming a war. The terrain here is not suitable for Horse's Square array. Although Macedonia's right wing is also overcome the left wing of Rome, the Roman Legion's right wing also defeated the left wing of Macedonia, and then the Roman Legion went back to the right wing of Macedonia, and finally defeated the Macedonian army resistance. The war ended Macedonia's hegemony in the Greek world, Macedonia was forced to recognize that Rome has arbitration against countries in Greece.
The first Macedonian war was in 171 BC, and Rome declared war to Macedon in order to prevent Horse's hegemony from re-acquire hegemony of the Greek world. At this time, Macedonia was Perseus, Philip V. Perseus. The Macedonian military organization in this era ratio has a great retreat with Alexandria's Emperor, which is mainly due to the role of the cavalry to retreat very much, and the mobility of the backcomes is lower. The spear has increased to 7 meters long. It must be used in your hands. In this way, once the square array has been scattered and is infiltrated by the enemy, there is no way to defend such a long spear in the melee. At the beginning of this war, Rome has changed three military unobstructed deal, and there have been problems with several defeats, military supplements and morale. In 168 BC, the Roman electoral electoral will serve as the ruling officer and command the front line. Puts is a famous door, the combat experience is rich, and several Roman colors in the Carthage War have a close relationship: Putlus's father, is Hanny in the Cansone's battle in the second cloth war. Rome, the Rome, the defeat of the defeat, Bolden himself is the victor of Hanni, "Afrijia", the relative of Sishi A, his son is the founder of the "Fiscal Strategy". The decisive Piernda will fight between the Roman Legion and Bohessian Macedonia. At that time, both sides were confronted with a very shallow river. Macedonia was in the south of Northern Rome, and Macedonia was slightly higher. One morning, the Roman army went to the river to take the water, and the Roman soldiers who chased the horse and the Macedonian soldiers who took the water had played a forever, Bai Xushe and Busta did not decide to develop it into one. The main battle of the field. The battle begins Rome in the wind, and Baish is working hard to assemble the unit array, and find that the Macedonian army has already spent the stream and the team charges the Roman Legion. My personal opinion, I think Macedonian King Bohe should be prepared for this battle. Because the terrain here is the plain, suitable for the warfare of the horse, should be the selected battlefield. However, there must be an obstacle to the motor movement of the small river in the middle of the two armies, so it must be tried, or it is either to pass the Roman Jun first cross the river, half a trick, or preemptively spent the river before passing the river before the other side. Since the Roman commander will not be in front of the enemy, then you will find a way from the second one. So I guess the Macedonian army has been in a hot state, ready to find a chance to pretend. If the true two sides are not prepared in advance, then the time between the two parties should be different. Even if Rome is slower, it is impossible to be so far, waiting until the other party's entire army is involved in the river, there is no shot.
At that time, the Roman Legion saw that the Macedonian Steeringman was rushing through the woodland, and it would not be hot, in fact, in this zone, Macedonia charge is unable to resist. The Roman army retreats in tenacious resistance, unintentionally, they retired this plain and retreated the mountain behind the back. At this time, there was a gap between Macedonian army and commander military capabilities and Alexander's era. It's all like this. But this is either Macedonia has no powerful cavalry, or it doesn't see this, or he can't control your own troops. In short, Macedonia is chasing the hillside, in the rugged terrain Empty cavity appears. Paulus saw this opportunity, immediately ordered the Roman soldiers to counterattack, no longer keep the formation but rushed into the enemy's square strip. The advantages of the square can't be exerted, so Macedonia has defeated the army, 20,000 people were killed, captured 10,000 people.
7. Conclusion
