Software quality, CMM is not the only
(Reprinted from Software World)
CMM-software ability maturity, today, has become synonymous with software quality assurance. In fact, as long as there is a scientific and reasonable software management process, high quality software products can be produced without implementing CMM. However, this does not mean that CMM should not be promoted. However, we should advocate the way to ensure the quality of software according to the company's own actual situation. The software capability maturity model is a method and tool for software organization management. my country's software industry should have a very worthwhile problem with the final demand for domestic and international markets and users. We specially propose to strengthen software measurement research, rather than blindly chasing a certain specification. Software quality must pay attention to today's information age. The information industry has developed from the time of the platform (single machine) to the network system era. A variety of business models are giving a new period of network system. Manufacturers in the information industry are vigorously carrying out digital information-based full-service management movements, including demand generation, product system analysis, preliminary and detailed design, manufacturing acceptance, mass production and application management. The information has changed fundamental changes in the form of market wars, and we define the marketing war in the 21st century as an information-oriented war should be justified. Information technology has deeply influenced the world and affects everyone. Almost all people have seen information technology is a new engine with economic growth (as shown in Figure 1). In the information industry, the speed of the computer is most rapidly (as shown in Figure 2), where the software industry is faster than the hardware industry. For example: 1979-1992, the cost of US anti-private procurement software increased by 8.5 times; the cost of purchasing hardware was only 2.6 times. At the same time, software open is increasingly mature, such as the relevant software for the F-16C fighters produced in the late 1980s, only 2,300,000 software statements, and new aircraft F-22 estimates need 4 to 6 million statements. However, well known, small mistakes in the software may lead to quality accidents, product scrap or even casualties. The great importance of software quality has long been known for the world. With the improvement of software's own value, software repair costs are also climbing. The software is: * Artificial most complex system; * Products based on personal labor; * and culture, psychology, and collectiveness have great relations. Therefore, we must pay attention to software quality, increase the investment of software quality research, otherwise, since the loss of customers is self-evident. Quality management methods have many successful software producers, such as Microsoft, Oracle, Sybase, etc. have not participated in the CMM assessment, but their software quality is indeed widely trust. These vendors have their own mature software quality management specifications, and we call it "Ocean Measures". Of course, these big companies' strong funds, a large number of software talents and other "hardware" conditions are not general enterprises. For some software companies to weeks, it has been transporting quality and reliable software products from all walks of life for many years. It is still active in the software industry. Such an enterprise has its own software quality management specification, and we call it "Earth Measures". India has a lot of companies evaluated by CMM, but software companies that do not participate in CMM assessment are also vigorous. It seems that it is necessary to take an international road to choose whether it must be an important factor in the CMM assessment. Whether it is a popular "fashion norm" - CMM, "Ocean Measures" or "Earth Measures", which can make companies survive and develop are good ways. Therefore, if it is just from this point, it is not the only quality assurance measure to implement CMM. However, we still have to study CMM today because it is undeniable that CMM assessment is representative and scientific. We can upgrade your management level by analyzing CMM evaluation. Software ability maturity model focuses on the research of software production process from organizational management, thereby improving software quality.
The software industry has passed multi-year practice, summarizing the software quality is a function of talent, process and technology, ie Q = f (m, p, t) where Q represents software quality; M represents talents; P Represents software production process; T represent technology . * The highest realm of the three integration According to this formula, we can see all the highest realm they want to achieve: M, P, T three roads are complete, harmonious and unified. In the formal formula given above, talent, process, technology can be seen as independent, actually talent, process, and technology are interdependent relationships. The three are managed reasonably, making talents, processes, and techniques to meet each other, and achieve the overall state, which is inevitable to be pursuit. This strategy applies to size software organizations, which must be implemented. * The quality control of all flowers said that my country's software companies on participating in CMM assessment should be treated according to the actual situation. Moreover, we once again remind those companies that have the ability to develop CMM assessment, be sure to seize the opportunity, insist on the bottom, must not be used for halfway. Instead of drying half, giving it up, became a "half-hang", not as good as starting. Here we provide some choices for everyone: (1) Want to enter the international market, through the CMM assessment, it is the sign of software product quality, is also a pass; (2) large software enterprises, financial resources are strong, and can use the director to evaluate the experience, Evaluation, find advantages, weaknesses, developments, improve software quality, cultivate talents; (3) Consulting services can cultivate software quality management talents to carry out software quality management (including CMM evaluation) services; (4) China is software potential Market, future software production big country, should organize software quality research; (5) military and national defense industrial software, we must develop, quality management, test and application maintenance. In the current World Software market, my country's software products have a small share. If our businesses take reasonable strategies at this time, this will inevitably change, and a new software big country will appear. * Quality research must be carried out no matter what, we should vigorously carry out software quality research. In terms of software quality, we need to invest in human and funds, need to conduct in-depth research in theory and practice. Software quality research requires software engineering knowledge, statistical quality control methods, software testing and measurement, software quality management knowledge, management science and management engineering. In particular, it is necessary to study the comprehensive quality management ideas and methods, and use it for software production process. Comprehensive quality management is a logic development of comprehensive quality control: Quality: It is a continuous customer demand. Comprehensive quality: It is the quality of low cost. Comprehensive quality management: realize the quality commitment of everyone to achieve comprehensive quality. Comprehensive quality management is the first principle of Taylor's science management: "... Maintain all employees and organizational harmony ...." Of course, a tool such as statistical control is used in the implementation. This method main idea is to quantify the software quality characteristics and software processes, use the graph, and then analyze, so that software production activities can be predicted and controlled, to achieve commercial and technical objectives, the basic process is shown in Figure 4 . Software measurement is critical "Through software measurements, improved software processes" should be emphasized by my country's software industry, but also the direction of development. This is also the most important and effective countermeasure for the Chinese software industry facing CMM certification, facing international needs, and facing the most important and effective countermeasures in the modern market.
In CMM, level 4 mature level - Quantitative software process management and software quality management, its core is software measurement and metering. The main content of CMM2, 3 is organizational and management, and software production projects and carefully review assessments can be implemented in CMM3. Software Measurement and Measurement is to understand the software production process and the basis for taking measures against the process, thereby ensuring software products can be completed on time, low cost, high quality. Software measurement and software process relationship, the specific process is as follows: (1) Determine the process to achieve the final result - get the qualified product and satisfactory service, and work activities for people, materials, energy, equipment and procedures Sequence, we call it. The software process is measured, and it is necessary to understand the operation of the "process", to achieve the method of the goal, find the element with important contribution to the "process", give a data flow map and information flow map, for communication, measurement is ready. (2) The measurement plan is based on the understanding of the determined software process to develop a software measurement plan. Products, processes and resource related issues and properties are recognized. Select and determine the product and process quality measurement method, raise the assessment and tracking software process performance, and integrate with the software process. (3) The software process execution software is executed by software organization. Get a confirmed product, process, and resource properties, measurements in the software process and at the end. (4) Application measurement is mainly collective, stored, analyzes software processes and data measured in the product, used to control and improve software processes. (5) Control Process If the product or performance attribute measurement indicates that the process is not normal or is not expected, actions must be taken, and the software process must be taken to normal levels. (6) Improvement process improvement process is mainly reduced cost and improves quality. "Wave" exists in each process, through the control process, eliminating the fluctuations caused by special reasons, so that the process is in control; continuously reduces fluctuations caused by common causes to improve the process. Software process measurements are expanded by-performance, stability, commitment, ability, improvement, and investment. We explain in stability measurements. Stability is the center of process management. The so-called stability means that the software process is operated in an expected. The process is always in fluctuations, and the motivation is 2: First, the common factors are caused; the second is caused by special reasons. Figure 6 is an illustration of a stable process. Measurement fluctuation (FRQUENCY) is within a certain range in the center line, and the process is stable. The measured value is generally a normal distribution, and the center line is determined by the sample mean; upper and lower control lines are obtained by adding a fixed constant. In theory, the measured value (a sample, N times measurement mean) falls into, the probability other than the control line is very small. The measurement value falls into, the process is unstable, and the measured value is seen in Table 1. The i-th sample average xi = (j = 1 xij) / n, the sample average x = (i = 1 xi) / m, the general, up / down control line is: the sample average S. The above is the basic idea of the process management and control of the measured value. CMM cautiously chooses us to discuss the measures that my country's software companies should take on software product quality control issues. Implementation CMM assessment is undeniable to control an effective measures for controlling software product quality. However, a company is currently needed to implement CMM through the CMM level, or only need to take the scientific method of CMM assessment to manage your own business ... These issues require a company to repeatedly analyze the characteristics of the company, scientific, objective methods First, the internal assessment of your company, then choose the road to enterprises to develop a reasonable way. Implementing CMM assessment is never manual, I will also chase it blindly.
