Multi-task operating system Nucleus
I. ATI Company Profile ■ Company full name: Accelerated Technology Inc. ■ Founded in August 1990 ■ Headquartered in the USA Obama Mobile ■ in California, California, Texas, Masai, Florida and Tennessee has a branch of branches ■ Agent in Britain, France and Germany ■ In Japan, South Korea, Australia, Taiwan, China, Italy and Russia, etc.
■ In 1990, the Nucleus real-time multi-task operating system is launched. The world's only VNET networked virtual platform is launched. ■ Java and RTOS products successfully launched in 1994 ■ Become the world's first large source code RTOS manufacturer ■ Selected Cybridge Technology Co., Ltd. Business ■ In 1997, the company's number of employees was 82, became a large RTOS manufacturer in the United States. The number is 150, has become the fastest growing embedded operating system company in the United States. ■ 2000 NET4.4 successfully launched, perfect Nucleus network module
Second, the characteristics of Nucleus Plus:
Nucleus Plus is a first-style multi-task operating system kernel designed for real-time embedded applications, and its 95% code is written in ASIC, so it is very easy to transplant and support most types of processors. From an implementation point of view, Nucleus Plus is a set of C-function libraries. The application code is connected to the core function library, generates a target code, downloaded to the RAM of the target board or directly on the ROM of the target board. In a typical target environment, the Nucleus Plus core code area is generally not more than 20K bytes.
Nucleus Plus uses software components. Each component has a single and clear purpose, typically consists of several C and assembly language modules, providing a clear external interface, and reference to the component is done through these interfaces. In addition to a few special cases, it is not allowed to access globally on the components from the outside. Due to the use of software components, Nucleus Plus is very easy to replace and replace it.
Nucleus Plus components include task control, memory management, task communication, synchronization of tasks, synchronization, interrupt management, timer, and I / O drivers.
Nucleus has the following features:
1. Provide source code Nucleus Plus to provide a strict C source code to each user. In this way, the user can understand the mode of operation of the underlying core, and can delete or change the system software according to their own special requirements, which has great help to software standardized management and system software. In addition, since the source-level code of RTOS is provided, users can not only perform RTOS learning and research, but also do not have to pay License when mass production can save a lot of costs. For the military, since the source code is provided, the user can completely control the kernel and do not have to worry about the abnormal task in the operating system, which may cause the system to crash.
2, cost-effective Nucleus Plus has a considerable advantage in all aspects of priority arrangements, task scheduling, task switching, and other aspects of the Advanced Micro-Kernel technology. In addition, the full support of the C language has made Nucleus Plus's kernel becomes a veritable object-oriented real-time operating system kernel. However, its price is reasonable. Therefore, it is easy to accept by the majority of R & D units.
3, easy to learn to use Nucleus Plus to combine Paradigm, SDS, and ATI's own multi-task debuggers to form a powerful integrated development environment, with the corresponding compiler and dynamic link library and various underlying drive software, users can easily carry out RTOS Development and commissioning. In addition, since these integrated development environment (IDEs) are familiar with all development engineers, it is easy to learn and use. 4. Function Modules Enrich Nucleus Plus provides a variety of functional modules in addition to providing powerful kernel operating systems. For example, a local area and wide area network module for communication systems, a real-time Windows module for graphics applications, supporting the Internet network product module, industrial control machine real-time BIOS module, graphical user interface, and application performance analysis module. Users can choose different application modules according to their own applications.
Nucleus Plus supported CPU type:
Nucleus Plus RTOS kernel supports the following types of CPUs: x86,68xxx, 68hcxx, NEC V25, ColdFire, 29K, I960, MIPS, SPARCLITE, TI DSP, ARM6, STRONGARM, H8 / 300H, SH1 / 2/3, PowerPC, V8XX, Tricore, Mcore, Panasonic MN10200, Tricore, McORE, etc. It can be said that Nucleus is a real-time multi-task operating system that supports the most abundant CPU type. For a variety of embedded applications, Nucleus Plus also provides corresponding network protocols (such as TCP / IP, SNMP, etc.) to meet the development requirements of the user's communication system. In addition, re-enterable file systems, reusable C-function libraries, and graphical interfaces, also provide convenience to developers.
For different CPU types, Nucleus also provides compilers, dynamic connection libraries, multi-task debuses, and the like to configure the user's development environment. It is worth mentioning that ATI has recently published an embedded integrated development environment based on Microsoft Developers Studio -Nucleus EDE. Thus, the first combination of embedded development tools and Microsoft's powerful development environment, providing a strong development tool for engineers.
Third, the advantages of the source code
It is well known that Nucleus live multi-task operating system is provided to the user source code. In addition to the business, it is also very convenient for users to give users a great advantage to users, that is, there is no need to write and debug BSP, thereby achieving easy-to-use purposes, accelerating product listing.
Engineers who have certain knowledge of RTOS must be clear that the Using RTOS biggest obstacles is to write and debug BSP. Everyone knows that before debugging the software of the target system, the target must be connected to the host and establish communication. To do this, we can write a monitor (Monitor). However, if you want to debug a program based on the RTOS kernel, the debugger (Debugger) on the host is more important to establish communication with the target, it is necessary to identify the task of RTOS, so that task-aware debugger can be performed. Therefore, only Monitor is not enough. If the RTOS we choose does not provide source code, then the debugger on the host only knows that KERNEL is scheduled to each task on the existing hardware platform by the BSP written by the user. Obviously, writing BSP must have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the hardware and application software of the CPU target system. Generally speaking, for an engineer with a hardware development experience, the average time to prepare a new BSP is about two months. This is more difficult for a novice. For engineers who write BSP, another bigger challenge is how to debug BSP, that is, how to verify that the written BSP is correct. The fault (BUGS) of the hardware or software is usually used in the PCB board that has just been welded. Even more common is that the CPU part has not been working properly. Sometimes timing errors and bus errors are still present. When you try to burn your target with the host, you will find that you will not be able to communicate at all, you will not be able to communicate, and you don't know if the software is wrong or hardware. Does BSP run normal? unknown. In anxious and exploiting, you may find that a few months have passed.
For early real-time operating systems, BSPs must be routed. However, the new generation of RTOS-NUCLEUS PLUs avoids the pain process brought by BSP. Because Nucleus debugging is based on a new dynamic connection library (DLL).
Users only need to establish a Target System (Host) communication with the host (Host) of the Monitor or the BDM debugging port (or JTAG commissioning port) and add Nucleus dynamic connection library to the Debugger initialization characteristics on the host. (DLLS), at this time, the debugger can automatically identify the Nucleus kernel and each application task running in the target system, thereby completing task-level debugging. The above dynamic connection library (DLLs) is completed by RTOS vendors and Debugger vendors, and users have no self-written. Therefore, Nucleus's users only need to place energy in Nucleus-based programming operations. For a newbie, it is often possible to study and train in the application for one day to two days, and there is no need to spend a lot of time to study the CPU, specific hardware, etc.
In addition, since there is a source program, the user can clearly pass the Step Into command when debugging the program, and track the management and scheduling mechanism of the Task to the task. It is extremely convenient for engineers who are interested in studying RTOS deep technology.
For Motorola 68k and PowerPC, users can use Greenhill's MUTIL or Trace-ICD to complete Nucleus Plus debugging; for ARM and STRONGARM, users can use ARM's SDT251 debugger or Trace-ICD to complete Nucleus Plus debugging For Intel X86 real mode, users can use ParaDigM debuggers and their DLL to make task-level debug; for Intel X86 protection mode, you can use SSI company SoftProbe debuggers and SSI DLL to debug; for i960, SH3 / 4, ARM6 / 7, MIPS and other chips, you can use ATI's own UDB debugger to debug the task. in conclusion:
Dynamic Library (DLL) is a new application trend in the RTOS tool. In this way, users can exempt the trouble brought by BSP, flexible and convenient development and debugging, greatly accelerating development progress.
The Nucleus real-time operating system provides source code, supports rich CPU types, with various DLL dynamic connection libraries, bringing great benefits to use and study RTOS technology.
Fourth, Nucleus application field and domestic and foreign users
■ Nucleus main application areas in: Network, Route, Bridge, HUBS, Data Communication, Top Box, Digital Camera, ISDN, Modulator, Digital Drawing, GSM, Cellular Phone, PDA, Printer, GPS, Wireless Communication, Cars, Medical instruments, RAID, adapter cards, smart cards, security, industrial control, scanners, gas analyzers, game consoles, multimedia, handheld products, consumer products, local area networks, WAN, navigation equipment, satellite communications, automatic bills, Video products, barcode, process control, etc.
■ Nucleus section typical user list:
AT & T / Lucemt, Blaupunkt, Compaq Computer, Canon, Chrysler Technologies, Dassault SA, DOD, Draper Labs, Eastman Kodak, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, General Electric, GE Medical, Goddard Space Flight Systems, Fujitsu, Harris Digital Phone, Hewlett Packard, IBM, IGT Interface Systems, Kenwood Corporation, Lucent, Mannesmann Tally Corp, MIT, Motorola, NASA, NEC, Network Peripherals, Nippon Denso, MSA Baseline, Orbitel Mobile Comm, Psi Printer GmbH, Philips Semiconductor, Rockwell International, Sagem SA , Samsung Electronics, Siemens, Sony Corp, Storage Technology, Texas Instruments, Takasago Corp, Toyota, Video Lottery, Video Guide, VLSI, WESTINGHOUSE, XIRCOM, ZITEL
■ Domestic users:
