Data Japan - Perhaps this is true Japan
Today, I have reverbeated Japan because I have encountered an unprecedented sea battle in that afternoon; because of September 18, 73 years ago, Japan's large-scale invasion of China opened the curtain; In the United Nations stage, this country that refused to admit mistakes officially announced more responsibility in global affairs. We can't choose your neighbor. Regardless of how many grace grievances in history, the facts of the middle and Japanese clothes are water, and the facts are hidden than those. In the future, both countries have to coexist, interacting with each other, so they need to know each other. The Japanese society is "overall right", which is the fact that many scholars recognized. Is Japan still the second? "Southern Window" launched an exclusive planning "close-up to Japan" in early October, providing observing Japan's unique perspective, hereby pick two articles, to readers. "Interpretation of Japanese Polls 25" helps us understand how Japanese look at China. Zhao Xiao's articles rendered the difference between China and Japan by interpreting data, let us understand an amazing Japan. Wake-up observation is beneficial at any time, believe that readers must have gains. In the past 20 years, especially in the last more than 10 years, China's economic construction has become flew, but Japan is trapped in the quagmire of stagnation or even negative growth. In the face of China's booming, Japan seems to take the trend of the slope, and some people have gradually formed a "illusion" in the minds: China is about to surpass Japan. In Japan, some people can organize someone to believe the so-called "China threat theory"; in China, some bloody youth, is also increasingly speaking to Japan. In my economic peers, even high-looking China's tendency to look at Japan. Some of time, Beijing Shengchuan has a joke, saying that there are three economists in the future, one knows the US economy, a European economy, and a Chinese economy. As for Japan, the answer is a scornful smile: Japan, haha, Japan can do not take it! This is really a nonsense talker! China is rising quickly. This is a fact. But just some facts. From many indicators, the gap between China and Japan is still very disappear. In many ways, China is going to catch up with Japan, not only very distant and difficult. The gap between China and Japan, China's real situation is worthwhile to say, and cannot be self-dial in the illusion of self-deception. Let us first see basic data. China's land area is 960 square kilometers, and the population is 1.3 billion. Japan's land area is 378,000 square kilometers, with a population of 130 billion. China's land area is 25 times that of Japan, and the population is 10 times that of Japan. From the quantity of layout and population, China is indeed large China, and Japan is indeed small Japan. However, the total economic amount of the two countries fell. In 2003, according to the World Bank's 2004 "Global Development Indicators", China's GDP11689.8 billion, the United States is 1.4 trillion US dollars, and it is ranked worldwide. Japan's GDP is up to 4.3 trillion US dollars, proud of the world's second. Small Japan is 3 times the big China. It is inevitable that there is a component of an error in comparison with exchange rates. However, changed to purchase power parity or true price calculation, most of the statistical results show that the total economic volume is still 1-2 times between China and Japan. The pace of China's rise in recent years is not slow. However, the first 4/1th century after the war, Japan easily became the second developed country in the world. And China, despite the fastest growth in history over the past 20 years, the total GDP is still ranked sixth and seventh positions globally, and it is impossible to enter the developed countries at all, with many indicators. Japan's economic strength is now in China, also in overseas. China has been proud of introducing foreign investment in recent years, but Japan is the world's largest creditor country.
At the end of 2000, Japan's overseas assets reached 3.2 trillion, which was equivalent to 2.3 times in China in 2003. The total sales in manufacturing in overseas is 135 million US dollars, comparable to China's GDP (Tang Yutan, 2001) . Such a strong invisible "overseas Japan", the promise has been open for 20 years, and the slogan, shouting the slogan, and the Chinese enterprise to "go out"! Economic structure comparison: In 1999, Japan's three industrial structure is 2:36:62, which is already a clear "post-industrial society". In 1975, the employment personnel of Japan's third industry exceeded 50% of the employment personnel, marking Japan's "post-industrialization" era that gradually entered the service industry in the 1970s. In contrast, in 2003, China's three industrial structures were 14.7: 53: 32.3, and China did not even complete the transition of the former industrialized society to industrialized society. According to the industrialization of the National Bureau of Statistics, a national industrialized sign: First, the agricultural output value is below 15%, which China can say that the agricultural employment is 20%, and China is still more than 50%. It can be said that it is far less than the line; the third is that the proportion of urban population must be more than 60%, and China is currently only 40%, and there is still a distance. What is the level of the urbanization in Japan? In 1950, Japan's urban population accounted for 38%, probably comparable to today's China, and today's Japanese people live in the city. In 2003, China's heavy industry growth exceeded 4 percentage points in light industrial industry, and the investment in heavy industry began to enter the strong period. The whole country has entered the "heavy industry" stage for the Chinese economy. However, China rarely know that in 1955, it entered the highly processing stage of the retrogenization industry, and transition to funds and technical intensive economic. Only from industrial structure, China is only equivalent to the level of Japan 40 years ago. China's current growth power is mainly from the traction of "world factory". According to the author's estimation, China's industrial growth in 2003 was as high as 63% of GDP. However, from the total amount of manufacturing, Japan in 2003 was $ 911.1 billion, China was $ 382.5 billion. Japan is 2.4 times China. Obviously, China is far from "World Factory", but Japan is a famous international manufacturing center. Pressing the speed of the past, on the road of "World Factory", China is going to catch up with Japan for decades, and will then get more difficult, energy problems, environmental issues, labor issues, Market problems will harary China. Japan's per capita resources are also poor, but the Japanese know how to avoid weaknesses through excellent processing. From 1955 to 1975, it was the fastest growing period of Japan. The production value of Japan accounted for 81.4% from 81.4% to 96.0%, while the mining fell from 10.1% to 0.62%, electricity, gas, The basic industries such as water supply have dropped from 7.74% to 3.38%. China is also a country with abundant per capita resources, but the growth of China's economy is still largely on cheap sales resources. In 2000, the Chinese resource industry accounted for 54.5% of the total industries, including 62.0% of the light industry, the industrial industry, the industrial industry, the mining and raw material industry focusing 50.5%. China is now paying attention to the quality of economic growth. In this regard, Japan is much more advanced than China.
China GDP is about $ 0.7, which is approximately $ 0.7, not only below developed countries, not less than in developed countries, but also produces domestic production produced by Japan. The total value is as high as $ 10.5, which is a global crown, which is equivalent to 15 times that of China. The same resources and energy, Japanese actually created 15 times higher output than China? Chinese people like to talk about "Laozi", telling "Heaven and Man", but why Chinese people cherish the nature? ! China is entering a new round of gold growth. However, in 2004, the economic growth has grown, and the total GDP has just accounted for 4% of the world. Petroleum consumption has ranked second in the world. The power generation consumption accounts for 13% of the global consumption. In addition, steel consumption accounts for 27 %, Cement consumption accounts for 40% of the world, and coal consumption accounts for 31% of the world. Therefore, people who have provoked the world are worried whether China's long-term growth will lead to lack of global resources, "will China not starve to death?" In fact, China should be modest to study in Japan, and it is necessary to use Japan to cherish resources and efficiently use resources. At the moment of China, it is in the heart of "Energy Strategy" and "Resource Strategy". In fact, the avenue is simple, China should be like Japan, inward, forces, so China's energy and resources can be basically basic. Keeping a constant level to support the Chinese economy. China's labor is a major advantage in China's global division of labor, but China does not use its labor efficiently, which greatly offsets this advantage. Therefore, it is also a high-speed growth period. Between 1960 and 1975, Japan's labor productivity increased by 11,07%; from 1980 to 2000, China's labor productivity was only 5.19%, and the annual annual growth was increased. 59%. The comparison of labor productivity indicators sufficiently shows that China's rapid growth is human tactics, and Japan rely on labor efficiency. In addition to relying on people's tactics, China's growth has rely on a large number of investment, but what is the quality of investment? It is said that Japanese bad debts are serious, but in the process of recession from high-speed growth to the economic recession, Japan Bank's bad account is only 5%, and China's four major commercial banks in 2000 has been as high as 28.78%, such as Calculate the 45,000 yuan of non-performing assets from the four national asset management companies, and the bad loan rate is nearly 45%. Obviously, China's investment efficiency and efficiency should be slammed back compared to Japan. R & D (research and development) fund expenditure accounts for the proportion of GDP, is an important indicator for measuring the scale of a national science and technology activity and scientific investment, and reflects the potential and sustainable development capabilities of national economic growth to a certain extent. . In 2000, China's expenditure on this indicator was 89.6 billion yuan, accounting for 1 percentage point in the history of GDP. And the same indicator, Japan 2000 is 3.12, not only much higher than China, but also above the US 2.65, and Germany 2.37, France's 2.87, the United Kingdom of 1.87, is the top of the world. In fact, Japan's R & D funds since 1990, the proportion of GDP has always been the world's first. what does this mean? This means that this country has a strong determination in science and technology, and it is unintentional to disclose the secret secret of this country, that is, technology-oriented, technology leading.
Of course, this indicator also shows that "small Japan" is not some Chinese who wants to be a short-scale nation. On the contrary, the Japanese nation is a nationality that is far-sighted - only a nationality, What spending a big capital is our future investment. In contrast, China is very urgent and disappointing, whether China, or the country, or even the general nationals. Chinese people prefer to call "Science and Technology" slogan, or the Japanese people have passed their mouths, but they don't want to spend time to make time to eliminate scientific knowledge. Patent Inventions: In 1995, China applied for 1.45% of the world, and the approval amount accounted for 0.48% of the world, and Japan's application for 13.48% of the world, and the approval number accounted for 15.3% of the world. The results of the survey published by the Korean Industry Bank have shown that if they are referred to in South Korea (100), China is 76.5, Japan is 110.5. A number of Chinese must also remember is that the number of Nobel Prize in Japanese has reached 12 people, and China is still 0. A great man said well: "China should make greater contributions to humans" "But it is necessary to say more! At the corporate level, the construction of China's technology innovation system is still in its infancy. The sales expenditure of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises account for less than 1%, and Japanese companies have already established a sound technology innovation system. Enterprises' research and development costs The level is 5-10% or more. Chinese companies are micro-micro-talents, and they are constantly lost to foreign companies. And the number of researchers in Japan is the most globally in the world. In 2000, 109.3 people higher than the US, 60.3 people in France, 59.6 people in Germany and 54.8 people in the UK. China has entered the world's top 500 for the development of unable targets. In 1994, in 1994, the number of enterprises in the world's top 500 was divided into autumn autumn, and all of the firsts, 2, 3, 4, the top ten, and a large half of Japanese companies. Since the 1990s, global singing in Japan, but in 2003, Japanese companies still lived in 88 in the world. Only 12 seats in China, and mostly monopoly state-owned enterprises, the most row of petroleum, ranked 69th. Do you dare to imagine when can China become the country in the world's top 500? You dare to imagine Chinese companies to occupy the world's 500-strong seat, and the top four scenery? This day may be a day. However, our neighbors have done it in the 1990s. Any honest Chinese, a global Chinese entrepreneur, should it be a respect for this? ! The economy is better, and it is not possible to improve the life of the people. Let's compare the living standards of the people. In 2003, China's per capita income was more than $ 1,000, close to $ 1080; Japan was 33077 US dollars, 31 times for China. Only the per capita GDP is used as an income, China is only equivalent to Japan's 1966 level. The Engel coefficient of resident consumption (ie the proportion of resident family food consumption expenditure accounts for the total expenditure of household consumption) is an indicator of the standard of living. In 2002, Japan's Engel coefficient was 22.3%, and China's current cities were 37.1%, and the rural areas were 45.6%. In other words, the Chinese people currently live in mainly busy. Japan will have mainly spending other aspects of food outside food. China is a survival consumption, Japan is the development consumption.
However, the most sadness is that the living standard is only equivalent to Japan's "190s". The Chinese people who are only enough to eat and drink are often very rich in their feelings, and they often express their big hands (if someone advocates the big exercise Olympics The Japanese, who lives in the world, often crying internationally, and saves it everywhere, often "small gas"! Who is more stupid? Who is really stupid? Housing: In 2003, the per capita residential area of urban residents in China was 18 square meters, and Japan was 25 square meters. The country is active for a small Japanese, which is 1.4 times China. People's lives not only look at per capita income, but also to see income gap. In 2000, China's Niki coefficient was 0.414, which has reached the international warning line, and China is recognized as one of the most unfair countries in the world's income distribution. On the contrary, it is also a lot of people can't think of. Although Japan is a capitalist country, it is one of the most equitable countries in the world, and the Niki coefficient is 0.285, which can be comparable to any of the most fair period in China. Unemployment rate indicators: According to my country's domestic labor and social security department, due to the end of June 2003, the national urban registration unemployment rate was 4.2%, and the number of unemployed was 7.95 million, which was 0.2% and 250,000, respectively. But this data is too much, scholars estimate that the current urban unemployment rate, including registration, laid-off workers and other types of unemployment, totaling approximately 8% to 10% (Wang Mengkui, 2003). China's media often reports that Japan's economic difficulties in Japan, the unemployment rate is high, and it seems that the Japanese people can't go. In fact, there is only 5.5% of Japan's unemployment rate. In 2003, as the economy rebounded, the average unemployment rate quickly returned to 5.3%. Education: Chinese people have always thought of the most important education, and repeatedly emphasized that "there is no longer suffering from childhood, and it is poor." Chinese parents are indeed doing everything about their children, but due to the lack of national education funds, due to the deficiencies of the general education system, today's Chinese, adult literacy rates can only be 81.5%, and the literacy and half-literary blind people account for about 15 people. % Or more, the Limitation of education is 8.5%; the university hair is 5%, and the generation of education is 25%. In contrast, Japan is not worthy of education. Japan has already reached 100% of primary education and 100% of junior high school education; university hair into the rate of 40.3%, the number of university education accounted for 48% of the total population; adult literacy rate is nearly 100%. How far is the education of China and Japan? It is estimated that China's primary education is equivalent to Japan's 1900 levels in Japan, which is less than 100 years; secondary education is equivalent to Japan's 1910 levels, after the shortage; higher education is approximately equivalent to Japan's 1920 levels, after 80 years. One of these important reasons is that China's education funds are only equivalent to Japan's 1920 levels. Let's take a close related information indicators that are closely related to the people's intelligence: At the end of 2003, the Chinese net employees have been nearly 80 million, a huge "E country" is born, but the Internet is very low, only 6.2%. Japan's population is much less than China, but the number of Internet users reached 77.3 million in the same period, and the penetration rate exceeded 60%, almost all 14-75 years old Japanese can go online. In addition, Japan's network is more developed, and the broadband communication cost is fast. The proportion of broadband Internet access accounts for 0.8%, and is rated as the world.
China's network speed is slow, poor service, broadband network uses in the infancy, and the residential broadband popularity of Shenzhen in the country is more than 30%, and the national general level is quite low. China's personal computer penetration rate is 27%, and the mobile phone penetration rate is 30%; the Japanese personal computer penetration rate is 36%, and the mobile phone penetration rate is 69%. The gap between the two is also obvious. Some people may say that Japan is just strong in economic and technology, strong in material, but Japanese civilization is not available. The topic of civilization is a big topic. The author does not dare to compare it here, but you can get a sense of social indicators through some Chinese people. As we all know, from social credit and national quality, Japanese generally believes that work is serious, the efficiency, the time, the credit, the etiquette; Japan's enterprises are also called the credit, the product quality is famous; in Japan Lane, you can't see garbage, whether it is a crowded subway, or a shameful shopping mall, the ground is smooth, and the walls of the subway can not see the phenomenon of chaos; Japanese rarely smoke in public places And eat snacks, there is no habit of spitting, throwing garbage, and the Japanese abide by the traffic rules, whether it is bustling Tokyo, Osaka or the ancient Kyoto, the street does not see a traffic police, car, and people strictly press the traffic light indication. Action, meticulous. What is the situation in my country? If it is, it is because the Chinese people's material civilization is not enough, "Cang Dynamic and Peace". The Chinese probably the world's most emphasized the "objective reasons". However, I will ask you that the Chinese people today are equivalent to Japan in 1960, but the civilized courtesy is far less, but also more than a few times in the 1950s, there is no more than a few years in the 1950s. The windy love is true, is it "Cangli-Dance and Snow Festival"? Enterprise credit: In the past, the unparalleled record of China's commercial banks was unparalleled. This shows that Chinese companies' credit records are very poor. In addition, corporate arrears is also small in the world. According to statistics, in 2001, my country's state-owned enterprises have more than 1.6 trillion yuan, and the scale of fraud economy is as high as 12.7 billion yuan, and the country has lost more than 2.5 billion yuan per year. According to relevant departments, more than 650 products with 283 excellent enterprises in 2001 were forged by counterfeit products. In the first half of the country, the national business management system investigated 5,338 cases of counterfeit criminal cases such as contract fraud, and the previous year increased by 61%. (Waiting Yunchun, 2002). This also explains what, indicating that China's enterprises are deceived and is seriously eroding the market economy in this country. In recent years, add a new phenomenon, that is, the company's arrears of migrant workers have become more awkward. According to the National Federation of Trade Unions, China's migrant workers have been arreled by about 100 billion yuan, including more than 70% of the construction industry. Some places, the contractor is owed by migrant workers, the builders owe the head of the foreman, chasing the final, discovering that the local government owes building business money. According to statistics from the State Bureau of Statistics, the government's arrears of the government in the country accounts for more than one-quarter of all arrears. Credits are making the Chinese young market economy pay the price. China's scholars have finally begun to understand that the solvement of credit issues, the external legal supervision, the internal corporate governance structure is not enough, but also rely on culture, even beliefs in people. However, China's traditional cultural resources have been destroyed, and it is necessary to build a cultural resource. The Chinese do not know where to join.
It is the successful case that Japan uses traditional cultural resources to complete the modern transformation. The Japanese actually change the warrior to the loyalty of the owner to the company's loyalty, and thereby establishing the industry and commerce credit. Divorce rate: Chinese people think that in 2001, the Japanese divorce rate of "post-modern society" was 0.23%, which was the lowest in Asia. The Chinese society that traditionally pays attention to the family is worse: 1980, China's divorce rate is 4.75% to 13% from 1997, an increase of 8.25 percentage points. Among them, Shanghai has increased by 20 times in the past 20 years, making global side: What is the Chinese? Family is a social cell, marriage contains the sacred relationship between gender. What is the lack of stable Chinese family life, will it bring to the Chinese? It is more irresponsible, more pursuit of private desire or more spiritual freedom, more personal liberation? Corruption: You don't like Japan, but you must admit a fact that Japan is one of the more honest countries in the world. On March 25 this year, the famous anti-corruption international non-governmental organization - "Transparent International" released the "2004 Global Anti-Corruption Annual Report" and evaluated the corruption situation in all regions of the world. In 133 countries and regions, China's clean index scored 3.4 points, with Sri Lanka and Syria, 66th, Japan is in the least 30 countries of the top 30 countries. China is now pursuing GDP to "Scientific Development View". However, China has already paid too much price. As of the end of 2000, China's forest area was only 1.58 billion hectares, and the forest coverage was only 16.55%, which is only 61.3% of the world's forest coverage. The national per capita forest area is only 0.6 hectares of the world. 21.3%. The domestic forest coverage rate of Japan is nearly 64%, one of the world's highest coverage. The green tree is full of green trees, beautiful scenery, poetic, nouristed Li Bai and Du Fu's ancient country, now has become a Chinese dream! It is increasingly industrially polluted, the desertification accounts for more than 1/3 of the dying land, the red river, Huanghehua Yangtze River, and the spring scraping through Beijing, just like the sigh of the mother of China, The most stringent sound warning between heavens and the world. China, can't help but toss, it is overwhelmed. There is also a Chinese mind with the earth. More desert more than desert is also the soul of the Chinese. Why did the Japanese still keep the land in the process of economic take-off, why not let GDP blinds their minds, why is it more than half a century from half a century. Chinese people should put down the identity of "noble", study hard, learn? China's per capita life is relatively high. The average life expectancy of men and women in 2000 was 69.63 and 73.33 years old. In the eyes of the Chinese, the Japanese is the country that is not labor intensity in the same day. The working pressure is great, but you can't think of it, Japan is the world's longest-lived country. In 2003, Japanese women had an average life of 85.33 years old, and men were 78.33 years old, and they all entered the world's highest record. Japanese men and women average life have been ranked first in the world for 4 consecutive years, while women's life has been ranked first since 1985. Obviously, although the Chinese emphasizes the "people-oriented", there is no Japanese live longer. What country is Japan? In many people's eyes, it seems to be a barbaric country, a country that never knows the mistakes, a country with great life, national unhappy, one or even unable to benefit.
