Http://www.csai.cn/tech/newit/m2m.htm With the development of science and technology, more and more equipment have communication and networking capabilities, and network everything is gradually become reality. Communication between people needs more intuitive, exquisite interfaces and richer multimedia content, while M2M communications need to establish a unified normative communication interface and standardized transmission content.
The emergence and development of communication network technology has brought great changes to social life. People can communicate more quickly, and the exchange of information is smoother. But it is currently just a computer and other IT class devices with this communication and network capabilities. Numerous ordinary machine equipment almost no networking and communication capabilities, such as home appliances, vehicles, vending machines, factory equipment, etc. The goal of M2M technology is to make all machine devices have network and communication capabilities, and their core concept is network everything. M2M technology has a very important meaning, with broad markets and applications, promoting a new round of social production and lifestyle.
M2M is a concept and is also a general term for all techniques for enhancing machine equipment communication and network capabilities. There are many communication between people and people through machines, such as communication between machines such as mobile phones, telephones, computers, and fax machines, and communications between people. Another type of technique is designed for machines and machines to establish communications. For many intelligent instruments with RS-232 interfaces and GPIB communication interfaces, enhance communication between instruments and instruments, instruments and computers. At present, most of the machines and sensors do not have local or remote communication and networking capabilities.
M2M system framework
From the perspective of data flow, in M2M technology, information is always flow in the same order, as shown in FIG. Within this basic frame, there are various technical issues and options. For example: ● How does the machine connect to the network?
● What kind of communication mode is used?
● How do data integrated into the original or newly established information system? But no matter which M2M technology and application involves five important technical parts: machine, M2M hardware, communication network, middleware, application, as shown in Figure 2. ● Intelligent Machine - Make the machine "speak", allowing the machine to have information perception, information processing (computing power), wireless communication capabilities.
● M2M hardware - extract information, acquire data from various machines / devices, and transmit it to the communication network.
● Communication network - transfer information to the destination.
● Middleware - bridge between communication networks and IT systems.
● Application - Processing and analysis of data for decision and control.
Machines
The first step in implementing M2M is to obtain data from the machine / device, and then send them through the network. There are two basic methods for "talk" (Talk) capabilities: embedding M2M hardware when producing equipment; modifying existing machines to enable communication / networked capabilities.
M2M hardware
M2M hardware is a component that allows the machine to get remote communication and networking capabilities. The current M2M hardware product can be divided into five.
(1) Embedded hardware
Embedded into the machine to have network communication capabilities. Common products are wireless embedded data modules that support GSM / GPRS or CDMA wireless mobile communication networks. Typical products include: Nokia 12 GSM embedded wireless data module; Sony Ericsson's GR 48 and GT 48; Motorola's G18 / G20 for GSM, C18 for CDMA; Siemens for the GSM network TC45, TC35I, MC35i embedded module.
(2) Can assemble hardware
In M2M industrial applications, manufacturers have a large number of equipment instruments that do not have M2M communication and networking capabilities, which can be modified to meet the network communication capabilities of these machines. Implementation forms are also different, including I / O devices (I / O devices) from sensors to collect data; complete protocol conversion function, send data to the connection terminal of the communication network; some M2M hardware also has an upload Features. Typical products include: Nokia 30/31 for GSM connection terminal. (3) Modem (MODEM)
As mentioned above, when the embedded module is transmitted to the mobile communication network, it is the function of the modem. If you want to send the data through a public telephone network or Ethernet, you need a corresponding modem. Typical products include: BT-Series CDMA, GSM wireless data MODEM, etc.
(4) sensor
The sensor can be divided into two types of normal sensors and intelligent sensors. Smart Sensor refers to a micro-sensor with a perceived capacity, computing capacity, and communication. Sensor Network is an important part of the M2M technology consisting of a sensor network consisting of an intelligent sensor. A set of intelligent sensors with communication capabilities constitutes a wireless network, collaborative, acquisition, and processing information in the geographic area of the geographic area in the AD HOC, and issues to the observer. You can also pass the information to the distant IT system via the GSM network or satellite communication network. Typical products such as Intel's new type of calculation of micro-sensor networks - Smart Dust, etc.
One of the most challenging technical problems currently facing smart dust is how to achieve long-distance transmission under low power consumption. Another technical problem is how to organize a large amount of smart dust into a network.
(5) Location tags
Identify the identity as each machine, the "ID card" of each item, allowing the machine to identify and distinguish between each other. Commonly used techniques such as barcode technology, radio-frequency Identification, and the like. Identification technology has been widely used in commercial inventory and supply chain management.
Communications network
Network technology has completely changed our lifestyle and survival, and we live in a network society. Today, the emergence of M2M technology makes the connotation of the network society have new content. In addition to the original people, computer, IT equipment, members of the network society, is to join in. With the development of M2M technology, the number of new members and their data exchange will increase rapidly.
Communication networks are in a core status throughout the M2M technology framework, including: WAN (wireless mobile communication network, satellite communication network, internet, public telephone network), LAN (Ethernet, Wireless LAN WLAN, Bluetooth), Domain Network (Zigbee, Sensor Networks).
In the communication network in the M2M technology framework, there are two major participants, they are network operators and network integrators. In particular, mobile communication network operators play a crucial role in driving M2M technology applications, they are the main promoters of M2M technology applications. In addition to providing voice services, third generation mobile communication technologies, the development of data service services is the focus of its development. With the evolution of mobile communication technology to 3G, the M2M application must bring a new realm. Foreign network provides M2M services with AT & T Wireless M2M data network plan, AERIS's MicroBurst wireless data network, etc.
Middleware (Middleware)
The middleware includes two parts: M2M gateway, data collection / integrated components. The gateway is an "translator" in the M2M system, which acquires data from the communication network and transmits the data to the information processing system. The main function is to complete the conversion between different communication protocols. Typical products such as NOKIA M2M gateways.
