Intelligent dust overview
Intelligent dust is a supermaphile sensor with computer function, which is composed of a microprocessor, a two-way radio receiving device, and software that makes them form a wireless network. Put some dust in a site, which can be positioned, collect data, and deliver information to the base station. If a dust is abnormal, other dust will repair it.
In recent years, due to the radiocarriers of silicon wafer technology and production processes, the size of the dust devices of the integrated sensor, calculation circuit, two-way wireless communication technology and power supply module have shrunk to the sand, but it contains information collection from information. The information processed to all parts necessary for information transmission, and future smart dust can even be suspended in air several hours, collect, process, and transmit information. It can work only for many years only on miniature batteries.
Intelligent dust application
1. Military applications:
The smart micro dust system can also be deployed on the battlefield. The remote sensor chip can track the enemy's military action. Smart dust can be installed in a large number of promotional goods, bullets or shells, and go out in the target location, forming a strict monitoring. Network, enemy military strength and personnel, the sports of materials are naturally clear.
The US Pentagon hopes to place this tiny wireless sensor on the battlefield to secretly monitor the traffic of the enemy. The US Department of Defense has already listed it as a key research and development project four years ago. If the intelligent dust is used in the battlefield, the US military strength will be once again opened with other countries. Smart dust can also be used to prevent biochemical attacks - smart fine dust can preview biochemical attacks by analyzing chemical components in the air. In addition, there are many specific military applications in smart dust.
2, remote health monitoring:
Through this wireless device, the glucose level, pulse or oxygen-containing saturation in the human body can be periodically detected, and the information feeds back the information to the or your doctor, using it to monitor the life of the patient or the elderly. In the future, the elderly or patient living room will be covered with a variety of smart micro-dust monitoring, such as the sensor in the bracelet will send the blood pressure of the elderly or patient in real time, and the pressure sensor under the carpet will show the action and weight of the elderly. Change, the sensor on the door frame understands the situation of the old man walking between each room, the sensor in the clothes sends a change in body temperature, even the sensor in the pumped toilet can analyze the excretion and display problems ... This, the elderly or patients A person is also safe at home.
3, medical application:
Intel is studying the "Smart Socks" of the initial ulcer by detecting pressure, and the "smart bandage" of effective antibiotics is determined by detecting the wound puruzing puruer. If a patient in a stomach swallowed a small metal block of a rice grain, you can see the situation in your gastrointestinal situation in your computer, which is undoubtedly a gospel for any person in your stomach. Smart dust can be implanted in the human body in the future, and changes in blood sugar content for diabetic patients. Diabetics may need to look at the blood glucose index displayed on the computer screen to determine the right food.
4. Application of disaster prevention field:
Smart dust may be used to understand fire situations from a helicopter flying temperature sensor when forest fire occurs. As a further application, the "Ocean Project" and the United States "Ocean Project" and the United States are being promoted by the US Washington, the United States, the United States.
5, large area, long distance unmanned monitoring:
As an example, the construction of China's West-my country East Transport pipeline is taken as an example. Since these pipelines must cross the unmanned unmanned districts of the wilderness in many places. Pipeline monitoring in these places has always been a problem, and traditional human inspections are almost impossible, while existing monitoring products are often complex and expensive. Smart dusty mature products are arranged on the pipeline to monitor the pipeline in real time, once there is damage or malicious destruction, it can be found in the control center. If the technology of smart dust is mature, only one project such as Western Air Loss may bring hundreds of millions of funds.
The same is true for power monitoring, it is understood that since electric energy is sent, it cannot be saved. Therefore, the power management department generally requires the sub-department to report the underlying electricity requirements per month, but there is always the same time to fluctuate this data. It is impossible to accurately, and some local power supply borsses often have a fine of higher-level departments due to too much data error. But once the use of smart dust to monitor the electricity of each electricity point, this problem will be solved. In summary, from the crowded downtown area can be used as a traffic flow monitor. In the family, various home appliances can be monitored to avoid the peak period to the abnormal vibration of the induction industrial equipment to determine the manufacturing process defect, smart dust. The potential application value is very large. Moreover, the price of dust devices will drop sharply, and today is between 50 and $ 100, it is expected to drop to about $ 1 within 5 years, which indicates that smart dust has broad market prospects.
Bottleneck and breakthrough of smart dust technology
Although the smart dust application prospect is very beautiful, there are still a number of technical problems, and it is still not widely used. Researchers encountered severe challenges in the process of integrating MEMS and other electronic devices into a single chip. The current researcher's goal is how to reduce the 5mm fine dust chip to 1 mm.
One of the joint founders of the MEMS laboratory of Carnegiemelon University attempts to utilize the latest manufacturing process and the most advanced design technology to solve these problems, but to make breakthroughs, there is a lot of work to do. And this requires outstanding, extraordinary design engineers to integrate all functions into a single-chip. At present, researchers have been working hard to develop advanced design tools to help engineers finally complete this arduous research task.
Since researchers recognize that smart dust technology will have widespread use, and the value of human society has, the value of hard work is here. This is also the cause of the US Defense Senior Research Institute for funding the technology of California University Berkeley.
How to power these minimally machines is another tricky problem facing current designers. The current test or application of these systems is powered by miniature batteries. The ideal situation is that these wireless dust devices can be deployed in the future, without power worry.
At present, some researchers are committed to developing a so-called low-power dedicated wiring protocol to achieve information transmission between dust with minimal energy. In the past two years, the University of California, Berkeley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and California University have begun research on such energy supply issues. I haven't found a package of solutions yet, but there are two problems of wireless smart dust supply and size in the near future. In terms of size, it is possible to integrate several functional semiconductors into a semiconductor in two years.
As for power supply issues, California University Berkeley Branch of Shad Roundy's fuel cells can extend the working time of smart dust devices. The fuel cell can absorb the energy generated by the surrounding industrial mechanical equipment, or collect energy from a low light source, which is expected to break through in 5 years.
Although smart fine dust has a wide range of application prospects, researchers and commercial developers are eager to promote applications, but also cautiously, dimensional problems and power supply problems need to be resolved as soon as possible. Technology has not matured, and it takes a few years in extensive application estimation.
(http://www.ikepu.com/elec-info/new_technic/smart_dust_total.htm)
