Find
Find
Section: Misc. Reference Manual Pages (1L "- * - NROFF - * -)
Name
Find - Recursively handles files in the hierarchy directory
Total stemsis
Find [PATH ...] [EXPRESSION]
Description Description
This document is the manual of the GNU version of the Find command. Find Search Each file name on the directory tree, it is calculated from left to right, according to priority rules (see
The operator Operators section is matched until the result is obtained (the left calculation is fake in 'and' operation, "is true in 'or' operation), then Find moves down one
file name.
The first parameter started with '-', ',') ',', 'or'! 'Is the beginning of the expression; any parameter before it is the path to search, after it of
Any parameter is the remainder of the expression. If there is no path parameter, the current directory is default. If there is no expression, the default expression is used with '-Print'.
When all files are successfully processed, the FIND exits and returns the status value 0. If an error occurs, a value greater than 0 is returned.
Expression Expressions
Expressions are option (options always affect all operations, not just a specified file processing, but always return true value), test (test returns a true value or one
The fake value), there is also actions (the action is Side Effects, returns a truth or false value). They are separated by an operator. When ignoring the operator, the -and connection is used by default.
If the expression does not contain -Prune, the -Print action is performed when the expression is true.
Option options
All options always return true values, and they will always be performed unless they are not implemented in the expression. Therefore, it is clear that it is best to put them in the beginning of the expression.
section.
-daystart
Starting from the start of the day instead of 24 hours before, calculation time (for -amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, and -mtime).
-Depth
Process the contents of the directory you first processed itself.
-FOLLOW
Do not retrieve the symbolic link. Implicit-Noleaf.
-help, --help
List the summary of the command line method of the Find, then exit.
-maxdepth level
When entering the directory of the command line parameters, the LEVELS (a non-negative integer) layer is not exceeded. `-maxdepth 0 'means only in the directory specified in command line parameters
Perform test and action.
-Mindepth Levels
No testing and action is performed within Levels (a non-negative integer) layer. `-mindepth 1 'means processing all files, in addition to files in the directory specified by the command line parameter
.
-mount
Do not enter the directory that is above other file systems. You can use -XDEV instead to compatibility with some other versions of Find.
-Noleaf
Optimization of this assumption that is not "the number of catalogs in the directory is 2". This option is in searching for those file systems that do not follow UNIX file system links, such as
CD-ROM, MS-DOS file system, or loading point of AFS volume. In a normal UNIX file system, each directory has at least two hard connectivity, its name and its '.' Entry. In addition
Its sub-directory (if any) will have one '..' link to it. When finding a directory in Find, the number of subdirectors is found to be less than its number of connections, it knows the directory.
Other entries are not a directory (but the leaves in the directory tree (`Leaf ') node). Unless you need to retrieve this leaf node, there is no need to deal with it. This can bring a lot of search speed enhancement.
-Version, --Version
Print the version number of the Find and then exit.
-xdev
Do not enter the directory that is above other file systems.
Test Tests
Number parameters can be given this:
N
It is better than N,
NN
It is smaller than N,
n
It is just n.
-amin n
The most recent visit to the file is before N minutes.
-anewer file
The most recent visit to the file is better than the file modification time. If the command line is -Follow before -newer, (only in this case) -anewer will be affected
The effect of -follow.
-time n
The most recent visit to the file is before N * 24 hours.
-cmin n
The last revision of the file status is before N minutes.
-cnewer file
The most recent revision of the file status is better than the file modification time. If the command line is -folow before -cnewer (only in this case) -cnewer will be affected
The effect of -follow.
-ctime n
The most recent revision of the file status is before N * 24 hours.
-empty
The file is empty ordinary file or empty directory.
-false
Always False.
-fstype type
The file is above the file system of Type type. Effective file system types are different in different versions of UNIX; some incomplete file system types in UNIX
This: UFS, 4.2, 4.3, NFS, TMP, MFS, S51K, S52K. You can use -printf to add% F instruction to view your file system.
-gid N
The group ID of the digital form of the file is n.
-group gname
The file belongs to GNAME (also allowed to use a group ID).
-ilname pattern
Similar to -lname, but when matching is case-sensitive.
-IName Pattern
Similar to -Name, but when matching is case-sensitive. For example, `fo * 'and` f ??' mode matches file name `foo ',` foo', `foo ',` foo', etc.
-inum n
The number of I nodes of the file is n.
-ipath pattern
Similar to -path, but matching is not case sensitive.
-iRegex Pattern
Similar to -Regex, but when matching is case-sensitive.
-LINKS N
The file has n links.
-lname pattern
The file is a symbolic link that matches Pattern. The metadature does not do special treatment for `/ 'or`' '.
-mmin n
The most recent revision of the file data is before N minutes.
-mtime n
The most recent revision of the file data is before N * 24 hours.
-Name Pattern
The basic file name (the path to the previous directory) matches the shell mode Pattern. Metacity (`* ',`?', And `[] ') does not match the file name starting.'.
Use -prune to skip a directory and files. View the example of the -path.
-newer file
The most recent revision of the file is late than the file modified time. If the command line is -Follow before -newer (only in this case) -newer will be affected
The effect of -follow.
-nouser
Users who do not match the digital form of the file user ID.
-NOGROUP
Group IDs in the digital form of the file do not match the file.
-Path Pattern
The file name matches the shell mode Pattern. The metadature does not do special treatment for `/ 'or`' '. Therefore, for example: find. -Path './sr*sc'
If there is './src/misc', print it out. To ignore a complete directory tree, you should use -Prune instead of checking all the files in the directory tree. example
For example: To skip the 'src / emacs' directory and all of the files and subdirectories, print out the files found, should be:
Find. -path './src/emacs' -prune -o -print
-Perm Mode
The authority bit of the file is just Mode (octal or symbol). Symbolic Modes Use Mode 0 as a point of departure.
-Perm -Mode
All permission bit modes are set up files.
-Perm Mode
Any power limit Mode is set.
-Regex Pattern
The file name matches the regular expression Pattern. This is a matching of the entire path, not searching files. For example, to match files named `.fubar3 ', you can use regularly
Expression `* bar. 'Or`. * B. * 3', but can't use `b. * R3 '.
-size n [bckw]
The file uses N unit storage unit. The default unit is a 512-byte block, or it can be used to add `b 'to specify this value. Other units are bytes, if in N
Adding a `C '; kilobyte (KB), if you add` k' after n; two bytes of words, if you add `W 'after n. The size is not allowed to enter Indirect Blocks, but
It is a block that will be placed in loose files that do not really allocate space.
-True
Always True.
-type c
The file is Class C. The type can be obtained as follows:
B
Special block file (buffer)
c
Special character file (without buffering)
di
table of Contents
p
Named pipe (FIFO)
fly
Ordinary document
l
Symbolic link
s
Socket
Di
Solaris unique
-UID N
The user ID of the digital form of the file is n.
-USED N
The last time of the file is after the last modified N days of its state.
-user uname
The owner of the file is Uname (you can also use the user ID in the digital form).
-XTYPE C
Same as -type, unless the file is a symbolic link. For symbolic links: If you don't give -folow, if the file is a link to the C type file, then
Returns True; if -Follow is given, if C is `l ', then returns True. In other words, for symbolic links, -Xtype checks those-TPEs that do not check.
.
Action ActionS
-EXEC Command;
Execute Command; if the command returns the status value 0, then EXEC returns True. All Find the rest of the command line parameters will be used as a parameter provided to the command until an encounter
The parameter consisting of `';'. In the parameter of the command, the string `{} 'will replace with the file name being processed. All `{} 'will be replaced, not only in a separate
Parameters. Some versions of Find are not doing this. These parameters may need to be enclosed with `/ 'to hose with parentheses to prevent them from being launched by the shell. The command is executed from the start directory.
-fls file
Returns true; similar to -ls but writes File as -fprint.
-fprint file
Return true; print the full name to the file file. If File does not exist if you run Find, it will be created. It will be overwritten if it exists. file name
`` / dev / stdout '' and `` / dev / stderr '' will be dealt with; they refer to standard output and standard error output, respectively.
-fprint0 file
Returns True; Similar to -Print0 but writes File as -fprint.
-fprintf File Format
Returns True; Similar to -Printf but writes File as -fprint.
-ok command;
Similar to -EXEC, you will ask the user (in standard input); if the response is not to `Y 'or` y' starting, it will not run Command but return false.
Returns true; in the standard output print file full name, then a newline.
-print0
Returns true; in the standard output print file full name, then a null character. This makes it possible to process the output of the Find to correctly understand the text with a wrap.
File name.
-Printf Format
Returns true; in the standard output printing Format, explain the `/ 'escape and`%' instructions. Field width and accuracy can be specified as the C function `Printf '. versus
-print is that -Printf does not add a new line at the end of the string. The available ESCAPE and instructions are as follows:
/ a
Warning ringtones
/ B
go back
/ c
Stop immediately, output, refresh the output device.
/ f
Table end
/ N
New line
/ r
Bus stop
/ t
Horizontal Tab
/ v
Vertical Tab
//
Output itself `/ '
/ NNN
ASCII encoding is a nnn (octal) character
Using any other characters after a `/ 'character will be used as a normal character, so they are printed.
%%
Output itself `% '
% a
The last time the file is last accessed. The format is the format of the C function `ctime 'return value.
% AK
The last time the file is last accessed. The format is specified in k, can be `@ 'or the C function` strftime' instruction format. The following is listed below; there are some
Not available on all systems, because `strftime 'in different systems is different.
@
From Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT
Time field:
Hide
Hours (00..23)
I
Hours (01..12)
k
Hours (0..23)
l
Hours (1..12)
M
Minute (00..59)
p
Local AM or PM
r
12 hours format time (hh: mm: ss [AP] M)
S
Second (00..6)
T
Time in 24 hours (hh: mm: ss)
X
Localization time representation (h: m: s)
Z
Time zone (for example, EDT), if the time zone cannot be determined is empty
Date field:
a
Abbreviation for daily names in the local week
A
Local name, variable length (Sunday..SATURDAY)
B
Local monthly name of the abbreviation (JAN..DEC) B
Local name, variable length (January..December)
c
Local date and time representation (SAT NOV 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
di
Days of a month (01..31)
Di
Date (mm / dd / yy)
hide
Same as B
j
Days in the year (001..366)
M
Month (01..12)
U
As a week from Sunday, the week (@53)
w
Days in a week (0..6)
W
Taking Monday as a week start, the week (@53)
x
Local date representation (mm / dd / yy)
y
The last two (@99)
Y
Year (1970 ...)
% B
The file size, units in 512 bytes (rounded).
% C
The last modified time of the file status. The format is the format of the C function `ctime 'return value.
% CK
The last modified time of the file status. The format is specified in K, similar to% a.
% D
The depth of the file in the directory tree; 0 means that the file is a command line argument.
% f
Remove the file name of the previous directory (only the last ingredient left).
% F
The type of file system where the file is located; this value can be used for -fstype.
% g
The group name of the file, if the group is not named, the group ID of the digital form.
% G
Group ID of the digital form of the file.
% h
The previous directory section of the file name (remove the final ingredient only).
% H
According to the command line parameters of the file.
% i
The i junction number (16) of the file.
% K
The file size, units in 1kb (rounded).
% L
The target of the symbolic link (if the file is not a symbolic link, then the result is an empty string).
% M
The permission bit of the file (8).
% N
The hard connection number of files.
% P
file name.
% P
The file name removes the name part of the command line parameters of the file.
% s
The file size is in bytes.
% T
The last modified time of the file. The format is the format of the C function `ctime 'return value.
% TK
The last modified time of the file. The format is specified in K, similar to% a.
% U
The username of the file, if the user has no name, the user ID in the digital form.
% U
Digital form of files in the file.
Use any other characters after a `% 'character,`%' will be ignored (but other characters will be printed).
-prune
Returns true if -Depth is given; do not enter the current directory.
If -Depth is given, it returns false; there is no effect.
-LS
Returns true; in `ls -dils' format lists files in standard output. The block counts in units of 1kb bytes unless the environment variable posixly_correct, that is
Use 512 bytes of blocks.
Operator Operators
Arrange in high and low priority:
(EXPR)
Mandatory is priority
! Expr
Returns true if expr is false
-Not EXPR
Same as! EXPR
EXPR1 EXPR2
With (implied default operator); if EXPR1 is false, it will not perform EXPR2
EXPR1 -A EXPR2
The same as EXPR1 EXPR2
EXPR1 -AND EXPR2
The same as EXPR1 EXPR2
EXPR1 -O EXPR2
Or; if the expr1 is true, expr2 is not performed
EXPR1 -OR EXPR2
The same as EXPR1 -O EXPR2
EXPR1, EXPR2
List; EXPR1 and EXPR2 will be executed. The value of EXPR1 is ignored, the value of the list is the value of EXPR2
See See Alsolocate (1L), LocatedB (5L), UpdatedB (1L), Xargs (1L) Finding Files (INFO online help, or print version)
[Chinese version of the maintenance person]
Yuan Yi
[Chinese version latest update]
11/01/2003
"China Linux Forum MAN Handbook Translation Plan":
http://cmpp.linuxforum.net
