What is GPRS?
At present, the most popular wireless communication is a GSM action telephone communication system. It is a red Internet network on the cable communication. Despite the two networks, the two networks are booming, but because the connection between the GSM network is circuit exchange ( Circuit-switch) mode, while data transfer on the Internet is in the way, different exchange architecture, which leads to almost independent networks.
Operation, is not connected to each other.
After the development and development of the technical standards of GPRS, the two networks are independent of each other. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) This service is on the existing GSM network plus several data exchange nodes because the data exchange node has the function of processing the package, so that the GSM network can be connected to each other, GSM The convenience of online wireless transmission and Internet information is rich in sharing.
GPRS standard development
When the GSM standard was set, it was set by the European Telecommunication Standard Institute, and the standard specification was divided into many completed phases (PHASE). In order to develop the GSM standard, divide the SPECIAL Mobile Group under ETSI organization, and the committees are responsible for the GSM standards in the relevant part. Similarly, the current GPRS standard is also responsible for the development of a committee under ETSI, and is divided into two standard stages. The first phase has been completed in 2000 / Q1, and the second stage is still discussed. The standards to be completed at each stage are as follows:
Stage 1 (Phase 1)
1. GSM network and IP networks perform single point-to-single-point information (DATA) transmission.
2. Define the IMEI, IMSI, and other identification codes with the GSM network.
3. When GPRS is transferred, strengthen the special algorithm for data package security (Algorithm).
4. Way to charge the package information to pass.
5. Snonnation Services (SMS) on the GSM network can be transmitted using GPRS networks.
Stage 2 (Phase 2)
1. The connection between the GSM network and the Internet can be a single point to transfer the single point (Point-to-multipoint) transmission, so email can be used. Send a lot of different recipients.
2. Define when the GPRS network is to transmit sounds, images, or multimedia, etc., due to the connection rates required by different services, the connection, ie the connection line quality (Quality Of Service).
3. During many countries with GPRS networks, there is a function of international roaming (ROAMING).
GPRS development time in the world
In addition to the standard development, GPRS services developed on the GSM network are also the progressive development steps, so that the telecom operator (NETWORK OPERATOR), equipment and mobile phone manufacturers, application software system can study and develop To achieve the purpose of popularizing GPRS. These steps include the telecommunications operator to obtain the GPRS operating license, upgrade the GSM network to the GPRS network, test the GPRS network, there must be mobile phone to support GPRS function, as well as system operators provide more GPRS application services . Prior to 2000, GPRS's development only stayed in the development of experimental GPRS networks in telecom operators and the stage of obtaining commercial contracts. According to expert estimates (refer to www.mobilegprs.com), future GPRS development can be divided into the following time: 2000 telecom operators begin to set up GPRS equipment to the current GSM network, and carry out Experimental GPRS service test, the connection rate of the mobile phone and the base station estimates about 24 kbps.
2001
GPRS mobile phones with basic functions will be listed, not only can be used to call, but also support GPRS package information transmission. Telecom operators officially launched GPRS commercial services, and mobile phones can transmit voice and package information at the same time through the base station. The mobile phone to deliver the convenient function of the package information (DATA), and it is estimated that there will be a large number of users in a short period of time, and the application services of the package information on the Internet will gradually develop. For example, more sampled GPRS applications, faster communication rates, a broader GPRS service area with larger network capacity, and large screens and multi-functional phones for online browsers, will make GPRS services more universal. At this point, the connection rate of the mobile phone and the base station is expected to be about 56 kbps.
2002
With the rapid growth of GPRS applications, GPRS networks may face congestion and saturation, and telecom operators will start planning to upgrade GPRS to third-generation actions. At this point, the connection rate of the phone and the base station is estimated to be approximately 112 kbps.
System architecture of GPRS network
Using existing GSM networks can be upgraded to GPRS, the architecture and operation of the GPRS network must be similar to the GSM network system. To learn about the GPRS network, you must first familiar with how the GSM network works. GSM's online architecture is as shown in the figure. When the phone is dial, the passage of the signal is first connected to the BTS, and then continue to the BSC and MSC. The MSC is mainly the function of inter-network exchange, and the transferred dial signal is swapped to another MSC or public cable phone PSTN to create the entire connection. The GPRS network architecture is on the existing GSM network architecture, add two new network device nodes, respectively, serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN), and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). The SGSN and GGSN have a processing and transmission function of a packet packipt.
In GGSngPRS, the first GGSN, the first G refers to a gateway, representing GGSN is a gateway with GPRS and external network (IP), so GGSN can transfer the package of the external network into the GPRS network, or will GPRS The package in the network came out to the external network.
SGSN In the GSM network, a BSC simultaneously connects many BTS, the area of BSC and BTS constitutes a service area of the GSM network, and the mobile phone user in the service area can use the GSM communication network. Another node SGSN, which is increased in the GPRS network, will be placed in each service area within the network, and SGSN is responsible for records which users in the service area. If the user is transmitted, the package belongs to the package, the judgment of the BSC, The information of the package will be transmitted to the SGSN, and the package exchange and transmission are made by SGSN. For the original GSM network equipment, such as BTS, BSC, MSC / VLR, and HLR, etc., can still continue to use, as long as appropriate, the device is improved, such as the PCU (Packet Control Unit) of the BSC. Features. Since GGSN and SGSN are capable of doing a packet exchange, this packet transmission communication agreement is directly adopted with each other.
GPRS network applications are convenient and serving mobile phone users
The transmission rate of mobile phones and base places greatly increases the transmission rate of GPRS mobile phones and base tables, theoretically, up to 160 kbps. It can be said that it is significantly higher than the 9.6 Kbps rate of GSM to transmit information (DATA). 160 Kbps rate is also more fast than the current most commonly used dial data speed 56 kbps, and personal computers can use 56 kbp rates to browse texts and images on the Internet, which can foresee the future GPRS phones must also transmit sound at the same time. Multimedia information such as pictures, text. GPRS phones are always connected to the base station. If your company's network is a rental line, when you log in to the company's Internet (LAN), your personal computer is always connected to the internet. Similarly, the GPRS phone also has the same function. When your friends send an e-mail to you, you can immediately know that you have a new email from the GPRS phone. Unlike the current GSM or WAP phones, you need to use the base station before you can use it. This function is why GPRS is called "always connection". Because the amount of data transfer is transferred to the GPRS mobile phone at any time and the base set, the charging mode of the GPRS service must be paid to the current GSM network with a call time. In fact, GPRS's charging method, there are still online industry people still discuss, although the current charging method is not clear, many discussions tend to charge the amount of information transmission.
How GPRS uses existing GSM network systems
The existing GSM network can be used to expand the GPRS network, and there is no need to replace the existing GSM network equipment. Just add a few GPRS network node devices, you can provide GPRS service on the GSM network. . The original GSM equipment, the planning of cells and the installation of the antenna can be extended. Such a small amount of investment is required such that the telecom operator needs, but the benefits obtained from GPRS are very considerable. The GPRS network can use the network GSM network to upgrade to GPRS, GPRS can use the network more elastic and efficient. For example, in traditional telephone spikes, GPRS can elastically release some resources to use the traditional GSM service. So the telecom operator can adjust the appropriate ratio according to the needs of the network, and the entire network performance will increase.
Application and services available for future GPRS
Connect GSM networks and computer networks through GPRS applications, computers and mobile phones
After this can communicate with each other, it is foreseeable that the application on the future GPRS is quite diverse. Not only can more popularize and accelerate the current WAP development, but also develop more potential applications. Imagine that all applications on the Internet is now transmitted to the mobile phone that can be carried by GPRS wireless transmission. Thinking in this direction, there is a clear contour for the application that the future GPRS can provide. Extending WAP Applications Now the WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) of each telecommunications industry can transmit data (DATA) through mobile Internet access. However, WAP still uses the GSM network system to transmit, similar to the function of SMS (Short Message Service), with only 9.6 kbit / s. Therefore, the amount of information that WAP can transmit is quite limited, and it is also used in applications to obtain some instant information, such as news header express, stock market financial quotes, query meteorological, ordering goods, etc. WAP now provides the application for future GPRS, guiding a development direction. After the development of the GPRS, the transmission rate has increased significantly, extends WAP applications, and the information that WAP can transmit will no longer just simply text and graphics. At present, the most commonly used WWW (World Wide Web) browsing feature on the Internet network may be transferred to the phone with GPRS. All the content and services provided by WAP will be more abundant. After changing the business model of each company, since the popularity of the Internet, many companies use a closed internet network as an internal enterprise network between the head office and the branch, called intranet. If the intranet network between companies also contains the GPRS telecommunications network, the mobile phone can also connect the company's internal network to download the file or read an email. Whether it's a person waiting in the company or out of the company, the company's important information can be notified at any time, and the company can also go to work more convenient to work on the needs of positions. Companies companies will adjust the internal operation mode due to the convenience of GPRS. Today's e-commerce on the Internet, although it is not very common, it has obtained considerable attention and enthusiastic discussion. Due to this convenience of mobile phone, it is more suitable for e-commerce. After GPRS is popular, there will be more companies to use e-commerce, trade trading, music payment download, bank transfer and other business behavior. Provide more convenient to make more convenient and easy to remember to use the mobile phone to query the constellation, meteorological picture? GPRS is convenient for personal life, not only here. For example, you can easily send email and files. When you travel abroad, you can take a local landscape, just send you to your friends. Mountaineers can download the map from the mobile phone to identify the direction, to a strange place, you can use your mobile phone to check the transportation information and restaurant tourism services. With a GPRS phone, you can get the information you want anytime, anywhere. The GPRS network is the development of the ladder GPRS network leading to the third generation of action communication network. It can be said to upgrade to the current GSM network to the future third-generation action communication network, providing a great development platform. Since the goal of future third generation action communication is to deliver multimedia information such as sound, images, and can handle large amounts of package information. Therefore, using GPRS technology, not only some technical specifications and third-generation acts, GPRS application services and third-generation action communications are also interoperable. Therefore, all the relevant industry can cultivate their own technical and personnel by GPRS network, pre-prepared and experienced, and obtain the leading strength of the third-generation mobile phone era. GPRS system provided by Yi Lixin
Yilin's development of GPRS systems around the world has always been a leader. During the GSM meeting held in Canne in February 1998, Yilin was first publicly open to the GPRS network system in the exhibition research and development. In January 1999, the world's first GPRS commercial contract was signed with Germany T-Mobil Telecom Company, which agreed to adopt Yubi-based GPRS equipment. Eli Lexin will signed a GPRS commercial contract with the telecom operators of many countries. Until now, except for Yi Yuxin, there is no display GPRS network system that can be disclosed. Yilin has a complete product plan for the entire GPRS network system. In addition to two exchange nodes SGSN and GGSN, HLR, MSC, and BTS software upgrades are also included in accordance with a system that charges the package. The complete set of complete GPRS systems, not only has good compatibility between each device, but also ensures high efficiency of the entire GPRS network. The development of China GPRS is facing the future of GPRS's future development potential, and all domestic telecom operators, including remote transmission, and letter, Taiwan's big brother, etc., all said that the current GSM network is upgraded to GPRS service. The remote telecommunications of Yilin GSM network system has also been signed and officially signed a GPRS business contract with Yilin. The second-generation GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) Action Communication System has successfully popular world, and there are more than 100 countries, more than 1,300 million users. How to apply high-order changes to provide a Data Communication in the GSM system, is currently widely discussed and established by Etsi (European Telecommunications Standards Institute).
With the demand for the transmission of action communication and the daily increase, the initial GSM's 9.6 kbit / s transmission rate, further to the HSCSD (General Package Radio Service) multiple-time slot (Time slot) Transmission, but only the modulation is limited to the modulation of GMSK (GAUSSIAN Minimum Shift Keying). Therefore, how to reinforce the current GSM data transmission function has become the power of main driving 3G and IMT 2000.
In a third-generation mobile phone system, it is expected to provide 384 Kbit / s and regional transfer rates of 2 Mbit / s data transmission rates. WCDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access) in the new 2 g Hz band is now developed in ETSI and ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Broadcasting). However, not just WCDMA, EDGE wireless transmission interface is another technology that reaches third-generation action data transmission rate, but is applied to the current AMPS & GSM 800, 900, 1800, and 1900 M Hz.
