First, how do I learn Linux?
In fact, Linux is a tool, but this tool is a bit special. Be a metaphor, I gave Linuxfish yesterday that now my brothers are reading, I can't afford some Linux release. The brothers who are reading are just the poorest, Linux is the toy of the poor, the same can be pushed, Linux is the best toy of the brethren. After all, most distributions can still be downloaded for free. Fish said: Linux is not a toy of the poor, but it is the best toy in the poor! Ha, saying that Linux is still hooked with poor. But we must also quote a sentence of Mr. Deng Lao. "Poverty is not Linux, Linux is not poverty!". Some releases are a lot of money to sell, according to me for more than 30 months of investigation, in addition to several Linux in China, most of the other is to dollars. There is also a Linux that needs the renminbi, and some are also uniform. Ah. . Can we say that Linux is the toy of the poor? The above talking about me and Linuxfish's conversation, just let the brothers of Linux in the beginner: Linux is not free, that free is the meaning of open source. That is to say, while getting Linux, you can get the source code, pass the source code, you can also produce Processing Linux, or modify it according to your own requirements. Free in Linux is that when the manufacturer is selling to us, it is also sold to us even the raw materials and production processes. Is this vendor we like most?
Maybe a few years ago, some of the domestic speculation of Linux companies or writers, translated Free to free, so far. Some books are now being sold in "free". In fact, the purpose of these companies and writers is obvious: just want us to pay some money to buy their products or books. The brothers of Linux can have a long heart, and some people say that Linux is free, don't always believe it.
The above saying is a little more, and then say how we learn Linux. In fact, how to learn, is an entry, these two issues are an answer. For example, this article written in North and South is also a summary of entrance experience, just writing. Learning Linux, first is installation, such as systems and packages. We must install software according to what you need, such as I want to chat, maybe we will think of QQ MSN Yahoo Messager IRC, etc. For beginners Linux's brothers, it may be won't wait for a while, and then install this software immediately after the system is installed. For example, I want Linux to enter Chinese, we have to install the FcitX or SCIM input method. What is the Chinese input method installed? ? Haha, after installing, we are in LinuxSir water. Is this not the happiest thing? ?
The installation system and software are our first step in learning Linux. There is no system, we can only talk about Linux benefits. In this case, there is still no knowledge of Linux.
According to my experience, learning Linx should start from the following aspects:
1. Install system and software
By installing, we can understand the directory structure of Linux; system and software installation methods, as well as basic directories, files and operations, no more basic than these.
2. Installation and maintenance of hardware for Linux;
Linux is a system, we have to use her to achieve our goal. Applications in production, life, or entertainment, mostly reflect her value. For example, we must let Linux support SCSI; RAID; USB; FireWire; Mouse; Video Card; TV Card, nothing more than applications. For example, I have a mouse, but I can't use it in my Linux. Is it a bit waste? ? 3. User Management
Linux is a multi-user, multitasking system, so that many people can use this machine's Linux, we have to increase or delete users often. Some brothers may say that there is only one display keyboard and mouse on my machine, how to make more user applications? ? Maybe a brother of Linux may be understood, such as a web server, is it more user? ? The FTP server should also be multi-user. Do we have a remote login SSH and TELNET? This multi-user is not a machine, several people simultaneously log in to the system on the same keyboard and display.
4. Disk management
Disks are limited, that is, the big disk needs to be managed. Because we are all players, the big disk is also small. I have a 160 disk now, I feel is still not enough, so I have to use a limited space to have a plan. . For example, limit the user's directory space; limit the user upload file size; timing view the utilization of disk partition. Administrators often use fdisk -l or df -h du -h to see partitions, the size of the directory, etc.
5. Detect system status
Sometimes I learned Linux's brothers always ask "Why is my machine boot so slow?"; "Linux is really wasting memory, right?" In fact, these issues involve system monitoring. For example, CPU, memory, network utilization, etc. Because the production system must be efficient. If a server is slow, it may be the most urgent is the administrator. Administrators first have to do it may be to view system running status. For example, use top; sar; netstat, etc .;
6. Safety and backup;
There is no more important system for the production system. If you find an issue, you may have a premiere of the administrator to stop the appropriate service, check the log, perform backup, and patch.
There is no absolutely safe thing in the world, and the reliability of hardware is not percent, and the Linux system is not 100% safe. Everyday daily backup is also extremely necessary. For example, we use important data to back up to a more secure place, such as tape drives, locally, or on a computer.
7. Disaster recovery
With backup, you can have recovery. If you don't have a backup, you can only start from the beginning. I think everyone will experience it when playing your own machine. The disaster can only say that it is a natural disaster. It really encountered a disaster. We can't blame the worries. What or blame yourself is too big, we can only have yourself, how much is it possible to recover? As long as you do your best every day, it is not too big to recover.
8. Network management
The Internet is the most popular, since we started at the school's BBS and Dinosaur MM, maybe we know the power of the Internet, although the school may be a campus network, but we still feel the mystery of the net. In TV, we often see the seventh year old grandfather and grandmother transport, and it is not easy to talk to the display. This is the charm of Net. We can chat with water on LinuxSir and is the charm of Net. What is it behind LinuxSir? ? ? This is what we have to talk about, management and version to do, such as web server settled, FTP, IRC, firewall's setup; network basic operation. For example, a simple setup IP, IP tracking; WHOIS this IP is from the like, various web server processes. 9. System Management and Log Analysis
This concept is somewhat big, and some people also look at the highest point of system management; manage user management; disk management; network management; security is included in this relationship. This is also reasonable. Because so many management is unparalleled, which one is not. Of course, there are still many zero living let us do, such as system optimization, kernel compilation, etc. The system management concept is relatively large, and it is more trouble. In the future, I will experience the brothers of the first school Linux to experience the experience. Maybe some brothers have already experienced it, but I don't know if he is experiencing system management.
Log Analysis is very helpful for us to understand the system, otherwise someone will attack our machines, don't you trouble? Through analysis logs, we can get the operating status of hardware and various software, and whether they work is normal. Each service in the system has a log, which has great help to find out the failure in the system run. Sometimes the problem is more difficult than solving problems. I believe that Linux's brothers will slowly understand this.
10. Development:
Playing the highest realm of Linux may be developed. Now I am still in the learning phase of the system, so I can't write an experience of development. I think that I can use a release of myself to use it, it is also a happy thing.
Come on. . . . . . brothers!
Second, how to get help? ?
Maybe a brother of Linux is really a need to help, how can we get help? ?
1. First we have two orders, it is also self-sufficient.
#man command, for example, I want to know the usage of the ls command, you can use the following command
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ man ls
If you want to turn your page, press Ctrl F or press Enter to press Enter, and exit the method of the Man is the Q key.
#help [Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ HELP
This command can output the most common command, if you don't know the usage of these commands, you can view it in MAN.
# 令 --help
If you know a command, you don't know his usage, you can use Man, you may also add parameters - Help to get help, such as I want to know the easiest way of LS.
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ ls --help
It is possible that the help of this help is too fast, we can add the pipe behind, then perform LESS or more, that is, the following.
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ ls --help | less
or
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ ls --help | more
If you look at the next page, use the Enter key, press q to exit
2. Go to the major Linux forums to seek help
For example, in LinuxSir, there are a lot of discussion districts, maybe you don't know how to help first, so this is to read the post. When posting, you have to send it in the corresponding discussion area, you want to write your own machine, kernel, and corresponding issues. In general, the questions faced by the novice have the posts in each discussion area, the moders are done, but we will move the mouse, so many good articles will be enjoyed for us.
It is also necessary to pay attention to the skill: For example, if you want to say your own system, the kernel version may use the following command:
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ uname -a
Linux S11 2.4.22-2F # 1 Sun Nov 9 16:49:49 EST 2003 PPC PPC PPC GNU / Linux
If you don't know the hardware information you use, you may use the following command, such as:
[Beinan @ S11 Beinan] $ SU Because LSPCI is a super administrator's command, use su command to switch ordinary users to root users. Password: [root @ S11 beinan] # / sbin / lspci -v
00: 0B.0 Host Bridge: Apple Computer Inc. UNINORTH 2 AGPFLAGS: Bus Master, 66MHz, Medium Devsel, Latency 16capabilities: [80] AGP VERSION 1.0
00: 10.0 VGA compatible controller: nVidia Corporation: Unknown device 0329 (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA]) Subsystem: nVidia Corporation: Unknown device 0010Flags: bus master, 66Mhz, medium devsel, latency 248, IRQ 48Memory at 91000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size = 16m] Memory AT A0000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size = 128m] Expansion Rom AT 90000000 [Disabled] [size = 128k] Capabilities: [60] Power Management Version 2capabilities : [44] AGP VERSION 3.0
3. Search on Google.com
Linux is manufactured by foreigners, so Linux's foreign documents must be read, for some problems, not reading the foreign document is really not. In the current situation, the Ocean FTP and the document are the most best. We are not lifting foreigners, we often find documents and software packages in foreign opening sources, most of which discover Japanese, but rarely finds the figure of Chinese people. Why? ? ? I don't understand, haha, the national 863 plan is so big, it is said that it also supports linux a lot of money, but is our influence? ? ? What did the FTPs of domestic universities and research institutions have been put? ? I also dare to say that the domestic so-called universities and research institutions have put MP3, movies, and pirated Windows software! ! ! This is our current university and research institutions!
4. Access the official website of the release and Linux organization
These websites are the most authoritative websites, such as the following websites we should pay more: If you use the RPM package system, the following websites may be what you need. Redhat official station:
http://ww.redhat.com
Fedora official station:
http://www.fedora.us/
Mandrakelinux official station:
http://www.mandrakelinux.com
SUSE official station:
http://www.suse.com
RPM package query station:
http://rpmfind.net
Kernel.org mirror station, there are a lot of distributions to download
http://mirrors.kernel.org
Non-RPM package system:
Debian official station:
http://www.debian.org
SLACKWARE official station:
http://www.slackware.com
Slackware software upgrade package
http://www.linuxpackages.com/
GENTOO official station:
Www.gentoo.com
Nuclear official station:
http://www.kernel.org
Most websites in the top of the LinuxSir discussion area have, beginners, Linux's brothers can see more. .
