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Network Working Group S. DeeringRequest for Comments: 2460 CiscoObsoletes: 1883 R. Hindencategory: Standards TRACK NOKIA DECEMBER 1998
Internet Protocol Sixth Edition (IPv6) Specification (RFC2460 - Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6) Specification) About this article
This article details a standard protocol of the Internet community and requests to further improve discussions and recommendations. Refer to the current version of the Internet Formal Protocol (Standard 1) to get the standardization statement of this agreement. The distribution of this paper is not limited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) Internet Association (1998). all rights reserved.
Summary
This article details the 6th edition (IPv6) of the Internet Protocol (IPv6). It is sometimes called next-generation IP or IPNG.
table of Contents
1. Introduction 2. IPv6 First Format 4. IPv6 Extension First 4.1 Extended First Sequence 4.2 Options 4.3 Hop-By-Hop Options First 4.4 Route First 4.5 Split First 4.7 Destination Address Options First 4.7 "No Next" 5. Size problem 6. Data flow label 7. Transmission category 8. Problem of the upper protocol 8.1 Upper Protocol Verification and 8.2 Package Maximum Survival 8.4 The maximum payload size of the upper protocol 8.4 Pair of the packet carrying the routing header Appendix A. Semantic and Usage of Data Stream Label Fields Appendix B. Election Field Format Guidelines Security Considering References Since the Change of Changes since RFC-1883 (original) 1. Introduction
IP IP 6 (IPv6) is a new version of the Internet protocol after the IP 4 (IPv4) [RFC-791]. The change from IPv4 to IPv6 is mainly concentrated in the following aspects:
The extension of address capacity IPv6 increases the size of the IP address from 32 bits to 128 bits, and supports more address hierarchical, larger numbers of nodes, and automatically configures with simpler addresses. The scalability improvement of multicast routes adds a "range" field to the multicast address. A new address type called "Anycast" is also defined, which is used to send the package to any one of a set of nodes. The first format simplifies some IPv4 headers to be deleted or become an optional field, which reduces the processing overhead of the general case and the bandwidth of the IPv6 header. Improved IP header option coding modifications to support extensions and options, result in more efficient transmission, less restrictions in terms of options, and more adaptability to introduce new options in the future. The ability of the data stream tag adds a new ability to make those senders that are specially processed to "stream" packages can be attached to "labels", such as non-default quality services or "Real Time" services. Certification and confidentiality to support authentication, data integrity, and (optional) data confidentiality in IPv6. This document describes the basic header of IPv6 and the initial defined IPv6 extended header and options. The size of the package, the grammar of the data stream tag, and transfer category, and the impact of IPv6 on the upper level protocol will also be discussed. The format and syntax of the IPv6 address are individually explained in [AddRarch]. IPV6 version of ICMP is all IPv6 applications that need to be included in [ICMPv6]. Term
Node: Apply an app for IPv6. Router: Transfer is not a node that is sent to IPv6 packets. [See the description] Host: Any non-router node. [See the following description] The upper layer: the protocol layer directly on the upper layer of IPv6. Typical examples are transport protocols such as TCP and UDP, control protocols such as ICMP, routing protocols such as OSPF, and network layers or low-level protocols that have been opened in IPv6 (which are packaged in IPv6), such as IPX, AppleTalk, or IPv6 itself. Link: A communication device or media. It is possible to communicate with the link layer through its node, that is, communicating directly below IPv6. Typical examples are Ethernet (simple or bridge); PPP connection; X. 25 frame relay, or ATM network; and "tunnel" of the network layer (or higher). For example, through IPv4 or IPv6 itself tunnel. Neighbor: Connect nodes on the same link. Interface: Node connection to the link. Address: An identifier of an interface or a set of interfaces in the IPv6 layer. Package: IPv6 first plus payload. Link MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. That is, the maximum size of the package that can be transmitted in the link in the link in the eight-bit group. Path MTU: The source node to the smallest link MTU of all links in the path between the destination nodes.
Note: Although it is not common, this is possible: it is a device with multiple interfaces, used to transfer some (not all) interfaces from it, do not use the package of itself, and abandon those from Other interfaces, no packages that do not use itself. When such devices receive packages through the previous interface or contact their neighbors, it must follow the requirements of the router in the protocol. When it receives the package or contacts its neighbors through the latter interface, it must follow the requirements of the host in the protocol.
3. IPv6 first format - - - - - - - - - - - - - | Version | Transmission Category | Data Stream Tags | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Next head | Humping limit | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | | | Source Address | | | | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - | | | | Destination Address
| | | | - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - version 4 Bit Internet Protocol version number = 6. Transmission Category 8 Bit Transmission Category field. See Chapter 7. Data flow label 20 bit data stream tag. See Chapter 6. The payload length 16 bit has no symbol integer. IPv6 payload length. That is, in the eight-bit group, in the length of the remainder behind the IPv6 in this package. (Note, the extension first [Chapter 4] will be considered part of the payload, calculated in the length.) The next first 8-bit selector. Identify the type of next header next to IPv6 headers. Use the same value as the IPv4 protocol field [RFC-1700, and subsequent protocol. The number of hops limit 8 bits have no symbol integers. Decrement 1 at each node that is transmitted this package. If the hop limit is limited to zero, discard this package. The address of the source address 128 bit package producers. See [AddRarch] destination address 128 bit package expected recipient's address (if there is a routing head, it may not be the final recipient). See Chapter 4.4 [AddRarch] and Chapter 4.4.
