Why disappears in the region
- Interpretation "Regional: Impact of Electronic Media for Social Behavior" [1]
Nomen
For the title of "Disappearing Region", there are two places that may cause confusion and need to be clarified in advance. First, "The disappeared region" original "No Sense of Place", meaning "weakness of the social significance of geographical differences"; Second, the most important significance of "Electronic Media" refers to TV, not the 21st century Refers to the network.
Now, the reader can inspect the core content of the book from this title: this book in 1985, in 1985, it is intended to analyze the impact of the TV for American society and to explore the influence of mass behavior, values. The author did not make any clear suggestions for the development orientation of the media, but the views in the book are unique, which is worth reference.
This article will finish the point of "disappearing geographical" book, but no longer quoted a large number of cases.
Never curtaining stage
As a member of society, some "role" is played in most moments. In addition to work and relatively formal social situations, even in informal multi-person scenes, people also consciously or unconsciously do a stage performance. Psychologists have shown that young children over four years of age usually select appropriate behavior and language based on the scene at the time. In this sense, at least in multiplayer scenes, the so-called "complete freedom" does not exist, and people's performance is a certain extent. Chinese Confucianism has the teachings of "gentlemen cautious", that is, the historical values of society often expect people to maintain the state of the stage in single scenes, and expect people to play their roles.
Obviously, the human social role is frequently changed, and the social role and the success of social role are the evaluation of two of the two most important standards.
Where is the authority come from?
Different social roles have different levels of authority, although they are likely to not represent the difference in power. General views, doctors, lawyers, reporters, engineers, bosses have a high authority, secretary, courier, waiter, retail businessman's authority, etc. The authority of the role is relatively low. This difference in such authority does not completely use the differences in power (for example, the national civil servant has a certain power to surpass the ordinary citizen, but our fear of ordinary civil servants is not as strong as the awe of ordinary doctors), also The difference in revenue cannot be used completely (for example, the retailer's income may be quite high, but we usually do not express special awe.). After excluding power, after income, you can explain the source of authority from the perspective of information.
The metaphor of "stage role" is used, and each social role has its front desk and background area: front desk (or "front zone") is a performance space exposed to the audience as a role itself; the background (or "back zone") is This role is not observed by the audience, ready for space. Any role, the larger the space in the background, the more the role is prepared, the more authoritatively, the role is the case; the space is narrow, the more open, the more open, the more you can't do extra preparation, the role is not Have authority.
Example:
Law firms are a social role with high authority, which is largely from the back area of the lawyer's role. Generally, the lawyer is proficient in legal provisions, and the mouth is reluctant to say, but these capabilities are likely to rely on extremely large number of drilling and exercises. Lawyers' roles hide the preparations of these backgrounds and fully present the backstage preparation results on the front desk, gaining authority.
On the other hand, the access channel of information is also an important source of authority. When different roles are interacting, one of the roles is usually dominated by information flow, and he has power to request the other party to provide some information related to the role background, but the other party cannot ask him with the same power. At this point, one party with information leading power has high authority. Example:
The doctor's authority is largely commeminated from information flow. Doctors can quite asking questions about patient privacy, and patients cannot give their doctors the same problem.
The authority of the boss has two reasons for the above two points. The boss usually has a separate office (deeper back area), and has the right to ask the subordinates' working conditions. In addition, companies often give higher status employees than independent work in order to cause authority.
Why is authoritative?
The performance of the role in the rear area is always different from its performance in the front zone. In general, the deeper the rear area of the role is, the more private information that can be concealed in the rear area, the stronger the authority. For high-status social roles, people always expect them to have "front-rear" performance. When the two social roles are exchanged, if the status is lower to understand the other party's background information, and therefore, it is found that the latter in the background is very different from his position in the front desk. It is even completely opposite, and the authority of the high position is It will be lost.
Example:
Politician is usually a public figure with the largest rear area space and the strongest authority. Due to the media's propaganda mode, people will even have an illusion that politicians always have "one consistent" orthodox image. If the politician is "inappropriate" in the background (but for ordinary people, it is the commonplace) behavior being public, his image will be a thousand feet. The water gate event and "zip door incident" have proven this - obviously, as an ordinary citizen, there is no big fault to use a crude and marriage.
Single roles exposed your back area space caused its own authority to lose, but it will not lead to this kind of social role to lose authority. This type of role will collectively lose the authority when it is exposed when the space of the social role is exposed. It is the media's work in the back zone space that exposes (or not exposed) a certain kind of social role, and the way to expose (or not exposed).
Understand media
The work of media (or media, media) is an eye: dissemination information. However, in addition to the content of the propagation, the media itself (ie, the form of spread) will also affect the society, and may even be more significant and far more affected by the content. In the "Disappearing Region" book, focus on paper media (books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) and electronic media (mainly TV, to some extent, including radios).
The ancient language cloud: The object is gathered, and people are in groups. Although there are different beliefs, different forms, the basis of each subcultural group is the same: the members of the subculture group enjoys common information. When the medium is substantially absent, the communication is mainly done primarily through language (including sound language and limb language), so the division between subculture groups is also mainly done by the regional division. The paper medium has difficulty acquiring, difficult to read, so it actually enhances isolation between different sub-cultural communities and provides a deeper rear area space for group members.
Example:
"Programmer" is a typical subhantial group that is highly isolated by a paper medium. Exchange between programmers is often accompanied by a large number of professional terms or even curse the general code, which makes their exchanges still have a high degree of ineffectiveness without geographical isolation. For "外 人", if you want to understand the circle of the program, you must find and read a lot of difficult professional information. Even if these materials come from network or television (such as programming programming programming from education channels), its content is still printing - linear, structured, formal, and difficult to understand. Therefore, although there is always a kind of intimacy and cohesiveness between the programmers. Electronic media (especially TV) is a medium form that breaks isolated. First, the content of the TV is easy to obtain: in the paper media era, if you want to know another sub-cultural group, you must purchase a few books in this field, and find the process of finding these books It also needs to pay high-cost; and in the TV era, you can see (theoretically) all TV programs in the era of purchasing a TV. Second, the content of the TV is easy to understand: the content of TV spread is non-linear, comprehensive, similar to life. [2]
Example:
When I was still in high school, we basically could only learn about the weekly NBA event through the "Sports Week". At that time, as one of the small basketball fans in the class, I could learn about the recent state of Kobe Brines from the data of the sporadic data; and for the girls in the class, "the dunk like a glider" This sentence is meaningless to them. In the last year, the World Cup made countless girls (including Shen Bing) became football fans, Yao Ming made countless people from do not play basketball a basketball fan. Although I will be unwillingly called them "pseudo fans", I can't admit that it is a TV that makes them easily entered the group of "fans" - even if it is the most passionate sentence, it is better to witness (of course through Television) Kobe's rebate and 12 three-pointed blind boiling.
In front of the TV, the isolation of the original social group is weakened, and the back area space of the original social role is exposed. The so-called "disappearing geographic" has two meanings: First, through a television, people can obtain the same information in different places, thereby forming the same information basis; second, more importantly, social group information separation Barrier - Paper media era print and earlier gear - broken. Almost all social roles, as long as people are willing, they can understand their rear area information. People are accustomed to talking about the high-level gossip, laughing at the yawn, swearing, swearing, buns in the crowning emperor, swearing, bags ... The disappearance of the region also means the disappearance of the authority.
When aware of the isolation of continuing to use information or even a blockade has become impossible, people may choose another behavioral way, the so-called "central area" behavior. In this behavioral manner, people give the front zone and the back zone to form a unified median image, and therefore honestly and kindly to the public. While losing the authority, the mid-area image helps to spread the audience to understand the importance of the high-level work and his hard work, thus re-winning the public's support, respect and even love. The large-scale reconstruction of this social role is one of the significant impacts of electronic media for social behavior.
A phenomenon worth thinking is: At the same time, the high character is gradually losing the authority because of the exposure of the rear area information, the media itself creates extremely profound rear district space for ourselves, and thus gains great authority. You can see the players in the locker in TV, or you can see the boss of the boarding shopping on TV, but it is almost unable to see the busy background with TV stations on TV. At the same time of continuous displaying other roles, the media itself has a maximum protection. Therefore, in the electronic media era of authority, the media, the host, reporter, editor, etc. have gain a very high authority, and even known as "innocent king." The establishment of media authority also proves the influence of the media for social behavior. who is the next?
After the electronic medium represented by the TV, the network media represented by the World Wide Web is another brand new medium. Taking into account the case of the transition in the past, we have reason to believe that the large-scale development of the network media will also have a profound impact on social behavior. The book "disappearing region" has not reviewed the network media. I will have an extension of Merrovitz's point of view, try to analyze the impact of the network media in the same way for the reader's reference.
Network media and electronic media have great similarities: it makes information more easily, which causes the barriers of isolation information to disappear faster, showing the rear area information of all social roles, and fully subverts traditional authority. Also, because the network has no central characteristics, all people can become the manufacturer of information, so it is more thorough in these aspects - in a country where a news media is not free, the people can also shock due to poisoning incidents. It can also take the head of the head and the singe to talk about the laughter, which is completely due to the network media.
For most cases, the network medium can be seen as an extension of the electronic medium. However, for the media industry itself, the network medium may play a fundamental impact or even impact. As mentioned earlier, in the paper media era and electronic media age, media industry controls the form and content of the media. The media industry worker is remapping other role background information while maintaining its own background is not known from the outsiders, so they have gained considerable authority. In the network media age, the production and communication process of information is completely public, the background information of the media is gradually being disclosed, the authority of the media is losing.
In addition, in the conventional medium, the audience is just passive acceptance information. Between the media and the audience, if there is only one one-way channel, there is only one asymmetric two-way channel. If the audience has any opinions on the media, he can only choose to write the letter to tell the media itself, or "vote with money." Obviously, no matter which strategy is taken, he can impact the media is minimal [3]. In the network media era, audiences can easily spread their opinions and find like-minded people, and then expand the range of influence again. The failure of the information communication channel is objectively promoted the subversion of the media authority.
Thinking: Why do he say "Do this is useless"?
When the propagation of the audience began to complain about the media, content, price, quality or other aspects on the network, some people will tell you "This is useless." They usually recommend that you "use money vote", or more straightforward: "Don't buy it." (Ah, how familiar words, I often say this to others, why do you say why? Do you say this?
I think that this statement is probably not adapted to the psychological state of the traditional media authority. Obviously, this way of comment is true. Advocating "Useless", or does not understand the ability of the network media, or unable to accept media authority is being subverted. [4]
As politicians and bosses have become a slightly special ordinary social role, under the influence of the network media, the media industry as the information manufacturer and the communication will gradually lose their mystery and authority, thus lost The status of "No King" - this also means the ultimate implementation of the freedom of the press, because it will no longer be responsible for the freedom of the news. [1] Joshua Meyrowitz Tsinghua Communication Translation Cube, Tsinghua University Press, November 2002.
[2] According to the study of Albert Mairabin, only 7% of the information is spread through the language text, and 38% spread through the tone, spread through facial expressions and posture There is 55%. In this sense, by TV shows, people can get ten times the amount of information on the same content.
[3] Please note that I chose the word "minimal" because this impact is not "negligible": a single spread audience, his degree of impact on the media can be very deep, but the scope must be small.
[4] Although I criticized this unbalanced mentality, I should still point out that since the network provides almost the same words of discourse, then the extent of a person should be demonstrated in the speech. The rationality and talents are decided not to determine the sound of him or the ability to swim the people with silence.
