[Copyright Information]
Source: Linuxfire
Contact: Master@linuxfire.com
Version: 0.2
Copyright: GPL
Reprint, please indicate from Linuxfire and LinuxSir
Finally, modified: January 20, 2004 (not updated, please pay attention :)
test environment:
Debian Sid XFree86 4.3 FVWM
This article is the sister of "Debian novice and I come to me ---- theoretical counseling", because my theory has not passed, so I write practical experience, it is inevitable, I hope to have more opinions.
Before Chinese, I assume that you have installed basic systems and X windows, if you haven't done it yet, please refer to the link below:
Http://www.linuxsir.com/bbs/showthr.&threadid=14937
1, install the language environment locale
Apt-get install locales # Note Yes
If you have already installed, you need to change, please use the following command:
DPKG-RECONFIGURE LOCALES # DPKG-Reconfigure is a very common tool in DPKG
In the configuration form, we just choose two local:
[*] EN_US ISO-8859-1 # American English, with ISO-8859-1 Western European character set, En_GB is English English
[*] zh_cn.gbk GBK # 简体 中文 车 基 based on GBK
Reference article:
Http://www.cs.u.nl/wais/html/na-di...-1-charset.html
If you have no concepts for Locale, please refer to the article "Linux International Localization and Chinese Chemical"
http://www.opencjk.org/~yumj/i18n.html
2, I am used to starting X with the startX script, writing the passing to it parameters and environment variables to a file
.xsession, this file is stored in the current user's home directory,. Head, so hide, use ls -a to see, if you don't have yourself.
edit
~ / .xsession file, add similar statement
Language = zh_cn.gbklang = zh_cn.gbklc_all = zh_cn.gbkexport language lang lc_allexport xmodifiers = @ im = fcitxfcitx & exec fvwm2killall fcitx
If you are handmade, for Bash available commands:
$ set lang = zh_cn.gbk $ export lang $ set lc_all = zh_cn.gbk $ export lc_all $ echo $ LANG $ Echo $ lc_all $ ...
After configuring, use
Locale command check, the example is as follows:
$ LocaleLANG = zh_CN.GBKLC_CTYPE = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_NUMERIC = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_TIME = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_COLLATE = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_MONETARY = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_MESSAGES = "zh_CN.GBK" LC_PAPER = " zh_CN.GBK "LC_NAME =" zh_CN.GBK "LC_ADDRESS =" zh_CN.GBK "LC_TELEPHONE =" zh_CN.GBK "LC_MEASUREMENT =" zh_CN.GBK "LC_IDENTIFICATION =" zh_CN.GBK "LC_ALL = zh_CN.GBK3,
/ etc / environment
Join
LANG = zh_cn.gbk
(Someone wants to ask, why written above, here is still written,: (I don't know, anyway, useful :)
/ etc / environment Here you can write some environment variables, the same
~ / .bashrc, but the system is read.
For example, I can set up ftp_proxy and http_proxy two environment variables.
......
FTP_Proxy = http: // local-proxy: port /
http_proxy = http: // local-proxy: port /
Export ftp_proxy http_proxy
......
Reference article:
http://www.unet.univie.ac.at/aix/fi...environment.htm
4, Locale settings in the fcitx input method
The installation options are two, one is the official version 1.8.5 of Debian, and the other is an unofficial version 2.0.1.
(1) Install the FCITX 1.8.5 from Debian
Apt-Get Install Fcitx
Run Fcitx, there is a .Gwubi directory at ~ /.
vi ~ / .gwubi / profile
Check if it is
EN_CN.GBK
(2) Install an unofficial FCITX 2.0.1
Add in /etc/apt/sources.list
Code:
Deb http://211.92.88.40/APT/debian/ SID / I386 /
Then execute
Code:
Apt-get update; Apt-Get Install FcitX
This non-official package display font default uses Wen Ding, the user setting of FcitX 2.x is in% home / .fcitx.
5, configure XFree86, use the XTT module to remove the Freetype module
$ dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xfree86 ...... [] freetype ...... [*] xtt ......
6, install font rendering engine and management tool, and related Chinese fonts
Software Description:
Her generation:
XTT (Traditional X Font Server, XFree86 with Module)
Defoma
Defoma - Debian Font Manager - Automatic Font Configuration Framework
Never write a font, let DEFOMA help you manage it.
DFONTMGR - GUI FRONTEND for DEFOMA, Debian Font Manager
A very convenient graphical Defoma font management tool PSFONTMGR - Postscript Font Manager - Part of Defoma, Debian Font Manager
X-TTCIDFONT-CONF - Configure TrueType and Cid Fonts for X.
New generation:
XFT2
Fontconfig
Fontconfig - Generic Font Configuration Library
Libxft2 - Advanced Font Drawing Library for x
LIBXFT2-Dev - Advanced Font Drawing Library for X (Development Files)
LIBPANGO 1.0-0 - Layout and Rendering of Internationalized Text
Automatic Chinese Coding Conversion Tool:
ZH-AutoConvert - Chinese Hz / GB / BIG5 / UNI / UTF7 / UTF8 EncoDings Auto-Converter
GPL font:
TTF-ARPHIC-BSMI00LP: Wen Ding PL fine Shanghai Song (BIG5 code)
TTF-ARPHIC-BKAI00MP: Wen Ding PL Chinese (BIG5 code)
TTF-ARPHIC-GBSN00LP: Wen Ding PL Briefing Song (GB Code)
TTF-ARPHIC-GKAI00MP: Wen Ding PL Ji (GB Code)
Other fonts, please see:
http://www.debian.org/intl/en/software
XFONTS-INTL-Chinese - International Fonts for x - Chinese.
XFONTS-INTL-Chinese-Big - International Fonts for X - Chinese Big.
Chinese help:
Doc-linux-zh-s - linux howtos and mini-howtos in Simplified Chinese in HTML
ManPages-EN - Chinese Manual Pages
$ Apt-get install defoma dfontmgr psfontmgr x-ttcidfont-conf fontconfig libxft2 libxft2-dev libpango1.0-0 zh-autoconvert ttf-arphic-bsmi00lp ttf-arphic-bkai00mp ttf-arphic-gbsn00lp ttf-arphic-gkai00mp xfonts-intl- Chinese Xfonts-Intl-Chinese-Big Doc-Linux-EN-S MANPAGES-EN
7. Brief introduction:
GTK1 program
XTT DEFOMA to process fonts, backward compatible
GTK2 program
FontConfig / XFT2 to process fonts, future trends
Currently, there are two subsystems with different characteristics:
- Original (more than 15 years of history) subsystems are called "core X-letter subsystems". The font drawn by this subsystem is not a smoothing font, which is processed by the X server, name is similar:
-MISC-FIXED-Medium-R-NORMAL - 10-100-75-75-C-60-ISO8859-1
- The new font subsystem is called "fontconfig". It allows applications to use font files directly. FontConfig is often used with the "XFT" library, which allows applications to draw smoothed fonts on the screen. Fontconfig displayed fonts more "people love". Over time, FontConfig / XFT will replace the core X-letter subsystem. Currently, uses of QT 3 or GTK 2 toolkit (including KDE and GNOME applications) using Fontconfig and XFT font subsystems; other parts of the program (such as XMMS, GIMP) are still using core X fonts.
Debian (including redhat) may only support FontConfig / XFT in the future to replace traditional font servers in the future.
Note: There are two exceptions to the font subsystem usage listed above. They are openoffice.org (using its own font drawing techniques) and mozilla (using fontconfig, but not gtk 2).
(The above text is taken from the online forum)
8, use M $ font
First prepare the following fonts (Win users to C: / Windows / Fonts / Copy):
Simsun.ttc mingliu.ttc simhei.ttf tahoma.ttf
Other fonts see you need, if you are trouble, just copy SIMSUN.TTC
CD / USR / Share / FONTS / TRUETYPE /
Mkdir DIY
To save custom fonts here, you can add, copy fonts to this directory.
1) Let's let's let
Defoma to manage these fonts:
Each font requires a Hints file, in order to facilitate everyone, I have two common hints:
http://211.92.88.40/public/xft/ttf-dynalab-simsun.hints
Http://211.92.88.40/public/xft/ttf --...b-mingliu.hints
Download them to a directory, now we register each font hints file to Defoma
DEFOMA-FONT REGISTER-All TTF-DYNALAB-SIMSUN.HINTS
DEFOMA-FONT REGISTER-All TTF-DYNALAB-MINGLU.HINTS
How to know if registration is successful, you can use DFONTMGR to look at it, absolutely simple.
modify
/ etc / x11 / xf86config-4 file, mainly in this two files to increase font path, of course, in this file in XF86Config-4, use XTT instead of FreeType to render fonts.
Add path:
FontPath "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/trueType"
Fontpath "/VAR/LIB/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/cid"
For information on Hints, please see the article:
Losska wrote:
Http://www.linuxsir.com/bbs/showthr...ighlight=defoma
Classic tutorial: painless start
Http://linux.nctu.edu.tw/web/moto/t...tall-guide.html
2) let
FontConfig to manage fonts
Adding new fonts to the Fontconfig font subsystem is relatively simple, fontconfig uses configuration files
Font.conf.
Here, I will pay attention, because Debian provides a few packages in Mozilla, it is slightly unstoppable, there will be garbled, and several high people have made a few patches, please download here: in /etc/apt/sources.list Add to
Code:
Deb http://211.92.88.40/APT/debian/ SID / I386 /
If you have added this line when you install FCITX 2.0.1, you don't have to repeat it.
Then execute
Code:
APT-GET Update; Apt-Get Install Libxft2
Execute again
Code:
Wget http://211.92.88.40/~carlos/setting_files/dot_fonts.conf -o $ homen / .fonts.conf
The above $ home / .fonts.conf is a minimal setting of the user's personal, if you want other users to use the same settings, copy this file to its $ home directory.
Separate users can copy new fonts into the ~ / .fonts / directory.
After copying the new font, use fc-cache to update the font information cache:
As root: $ fc-cache -f -vas user $ fc-cache -v
or
$ FC-Cache
(
other:
(Stay further verified)
If the font file name ends with ".gz", it indicates that it is compressed using Gzip, so it must be used.
After gunzip decompression, the Fontconfig font subsystem can use this font.
Example: Bitmap Fonts in xxxxx.pcf.gz
* Copy the corresponding xxxxx.pcf.gz to a new directory
* Unzip file gzip -d xxxxx.pcf.gz into xxxxx.pcf.gz
* Built
* Run FC-Cache -f -V
9, exit X, StartX
Adjust the font of each software to you.
Note that the GTK1 program has to be modified a place:
If you change the system's font to a Simsun font, you need to modify
The font settings in the /etc/gtk/gtkrc.zh_cn file:
STYLE "gtk-default-zh-cn" {fontset = "-adobe-helveliica-medium-r-normal - 14- * - * - * - * - * - ISO8859-1, / - DYNALAB-SIMSUN-Medium- R-NORMAL - 14 - * - * - * - * - * - GBK-0, FIXED "} Class" gtkwidget "style" gtk-default-zh-cn "
Note: "- DYNALAB-SIMSUN-Medium-R-Normal - 14 - * - * - * - * - * - GBK-0" is already in your system, if you use the Hints provided above, then fill This will not be wrong. If you are Hints you have, then you first use DFONTMGT.
Quit X, StartX Again.
10, what do I think about? It seems that it is gone :) Yes, thank Carlos and Losska, they are teaching, I am just a pen, I hope that I will not be too bad, I can understand it!
Screen capture:
Http://211.92.88.40/Home/carlos/200...9x523_scrot.pngettp://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
The above screenshot FVWM forms have been grabbed, so the title bar is garbled.
11, supplement
1) Use the BitStream font to beautify the menu bar
Everyone may notice that my Mozilla-Firebird menu bar is shining, not beautiful enough.
Swarf SEV3N brothers in IRC, I proposed this question and recommended the BitStream fonts with Debian, simply installed, and found that there is a significant effect, and there are many.
Thank you here for SEV3N!
basic introduction:
The BitStream Vera Family font is a free high-quality TrueType font, which is enhanced by BitStream, which is released in DFSG-Free. The aim is to fill the free desktop environment without free high quality font.
Completely covers Western Europe (ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-15) and Turkish (ISO-8859-9). Also contain some mathematics and other symbols, improved support for Eastern European language (Part ISO-8859-2) ).
installation:
Apt-Get Install TTF-BitStream-Vera
Installation is Fontsconfig to help you manage it.
Check if you are properly installed
$ FC-LIST
NSIMSUN: Style = regular
BitStream Vera Sans Mono: Style = Boldbitstream Vera Sans: Style = Oblique
SIMSUN: Style = Regular
BitStream Vera Sans: Style = Roman
Ar Pl Kaitim GB: Style = Regular
BitStream Vera Sans Mono: Style = Oblique
Tahoma: style = regular
BitStream Vera Sans: Style = Bold
Ar Pl Kaitim Big5: Style = Regular
PMINGLIU: style = regular
BitStream Vera Serif: Style = Roman
BitStream Vera Sans Mono: Style = Bold Oblique
BitStream Vera Sans: Style = Bold Oblique
Tahoma: style = bold
BitStream Vera Sans Mono: Style = Roman
SIMHEI: style = regular
Ar Pl Mingti2l Big5: Style = Reguler
BitStream Vera Serif: Style = Bold
MINGLIU: style = regular
[/ color]
If you have not found, please run
$ fc-cache -v -f
FC-Cache: "/ usr / share / fonts": Caching, 0 Fonts, 1 DIRS
FC-Cache: "/ usr / share / fonts / trueType": Caching, 0 Fonts, 3 DIRSFC-CACHE: "/ usr / share / fonts / trueType / DIY": Caching, 4 Fonts, 0 DIRS
FC-Cache: "/ usr / share / fonts / trueType / Arphic": Caching, 3 Fonts, 0 DIRS
FC-Cache: "/ usr / share / fonts / trueType / TTF-BitStream-Vera": Caching, 10 Fonts, 0 DIRS
FC-Cache: "/ USR / X11R6 / LIB / X11 / FONTS / TYPE1": Skipping, No Such Directory
FC-Cache: "/Root/.fonts": Caching, 7 FONTS, 0 DIRS
FC-Cache: succeeded
In the case of the effect map before and after installation, you carefully look at Mozilla-Fire
Menu bar font and English fonts in the page:
Before installed:
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
After installation:
http://211.92.88.40/photos/screensh...4x768_scrot.png
Post-writing:
The Chinese under Debian is now perfect, and the process is relatively simple. Now everyone should transfer the center of gravity of learning to the time.
If you are passionate about Chinese, you may wish to study Fontsconfig configuration files such as Fonts.conf.
January 20th version 0.2 (update: carlos):
1. No longer need to modify the font path in /etc/fonts/fonts.conf, because Fontconfig can use the DEFOMA to automatically find fonts installed with Defoma
2. Use $ home / .fonts.conf to complete the font fine adjustment
3. Add to install the FcitX 2.x option
4. Use ~ / .xsession instead of ~ / .xinitrc
