Three companies: family, financial and managers
Publisher: Zhou Wei Shou: Blog China Posted: 2004-12-29 09: 06: 44.763
【Summary】
In "visible hands", Chandler believes that modern business companies have two features: it contains many different business units, and management of administrators from all levels. He raised a series of arguments about modern industrial and commercial enterprises, not to prove a truth: management and coordination, "visible hands" Bygamo Smith's so-called market coordinated "invisible hand" More effectively promoted the development of the economy, but also increased the competitiveness of capitalists; thereby, management of management has produced a huge role in production and consumption. This process is called the "American Enterprise Management Revolution". Chandler said that the rise of modern industrial and commercial enterprises has new content between the relationship between ownership and management rights, which brings a new type of capitalism for the US economy. He said that this new capitalism is managing capitalism, and it is two things: family capitalism and financial capitalism. In family-type enterprises, corporate founders and their closest partners (and families) have always held most equity, and they maintain close private relationships with managers, and retain main decision-making rights in high-level management, in financial policies, The selection of resource allocation and senior personnel, especially the power is not placed. When the establishment and development of the company requires a large amount of funds, the relationship between ownership and management rights will change. Financial institutions that provide funding are usually part-time representatives in the company's board of directors. In such a banker-controlled enterprise, payers must share the decision-making power of the financial institutions, especially in the raising and use of large funds. However, over time and the expansion of the above two companies, they gradually become a manager enterprise. In the early 20th century, the US economic system still contains the elements of family capitalism and financial capitalism. In the 1950s, in some major departments of the US economy, manager companies have become the standard form of modern industrial and commercial enterprises. For family-decreasing, Chandler thinks: unless the entrepreneurial family members are trained by professional managers, they are difficult to play an important role in high-level management. Since the profits of family-style companies usually ensure that they have a lot of personal income, these families lack the economic excitement and have spend more time spent on the ladder of the manager position. Therefore, in the United States large enterprise, the family participating in the company's management decisions, only a few. On the other hand, in the company controlled by the banker, unless the financial institution has become a full-time manager of the company, they do not have the information, time and experience required to dominate the role in high-level decisions. As a member of the board, they doously have the veto, but few can provide a positive alternative. In the end, the relationship between the part-time financialant and company in the board is also equivalent to general shareholders, the company is just its source of income, not manageable companies. Due to the needs of the objective situation, they still will be responsible for the daily business management and future planning work. Chandler believes that "financial capitalism in the United States is a phenomenon of implementing a uncommon, there is no time." Of course, Chandler also saw that the development of the company is not uniform in Western countries. In Germany and Japan, due to smaller markets and cash flows weaken internal financing opportunities, companies rely more of foreign financial households - in Germany is a big bank, in Japan is a valve consortium - help. Managers continue to share the decision-making power of the company. Therefore, financial capitalism has been dominant in these two countries. Although there is a difference in the evolution of the modernization of the modernization of the modernization, the evolution of the United States, Germany, and Japan, but it is not difficult to find a common phenomenon in these three countries: family companies have developed early in these countries. Evolution to professional management and reasonable organizations. For example, many famous American companies are developed by small family companies in the 19th century, including DuPont, Kodak, Sils, etc.
