Virtual unlimited -------- simple finishing for virtual machines and virtualization
Baishi http://baishi.8561.net
Author's words
These days I want to install a virtual machine to learn, so I look for the relevant information, wrote this article for my friends who are confused for the selection of the virtual machine. I am like something to summarize and organize something. :) Inadvertently touched the high-profile Virtualization (virtualization) technology, because the personal level is limited, only for the online related information, I hope to give you some reference, there are deficiencies and mistakes, please advise.
One. Virtual machine and virtualization
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machines (VM) is a system that supports multi-operating system parallel to run on a single physical server that provides more efficient underlying hardware.
Virtual machine principle:
In the virtual machine, the central processor chip divides a storage area, the operating system, and the application run in the "Protection Mode" environment. If a program frozen occurs in a virtual machine, this does not affect the normal operation of the program operation and operating system running outside the virtual machine.
In a real computer system, the device driver controls the hardware resources in the operating system composition, which is responsible for transforming the system instruction into a specific device control language. The drive is formed in the case of assumption that the ownership of the device is assumed, which makes the plurality of operating systems on a single computer. The virtual machine contains technology overcoming this limiter. The virtualization process introduces a low-level device resource redirection interaction without affecting the high-level application layer. With virtual machines, customers can run multiple operating systems on a single computer.
Trace
As early as the 1960s IBM, a set of operating systems named VM / 370 was developed. The VM / 370 provides a pre-standard multitasking between different programs, and the process is a multi-virtual machine in a single actual hardware. Typical VM / 370 session, the user sits before the remote terminal of the cable, the initializer load operation of the simulation of the real machine via a control program, so a complete operating system is loaded into the virtual machine, and Started to create a session for the user. This simulation system is so complete, and the system programmer can even run its virtual copy to unlocate the new version.
Virtual machine software
The so-called virtual machine software is an original operating system based on the use of additional hard disk space through software level simulation, (providing a set of standard APIs and optional real-time compilers, simulating a standard The API set of the CPU and the operating system, the virtual machine "translation" from its custom API to the operating system API "translation") Creates one or more virtual machines running separately without interfering operations, and can It is connected to a software software.
Several terms related to virtual machines. (Because VMware, Virtual PC did not provide the corresponding Chinese document, it did not get written recognition of the manufacturer.)
Host Machine: It is a computer that is installed on the virtual machine software, that is, the physical computer we use.
Virtual Machine: A concept corresponding to the host, which refers to a virtual computer constructed by virtual machine tools in the host. With a physical computer, there is your own BIOS, a complete hardware device, including memory, hard disk, optical drive, network card, sound card, graphics card, etc., you can have your own operating system, you can run your own application.
Host OS: The operating system installed in the host is a host operating system. For example, we have installed VMware in a computer in a Windows XP. The Windows XP is the host operating system.
Guest OS: The operating system installed in the virtual machine is the customer operating system, the customer operating system, and host operating system naturally isolated, but there is no complete isolation between each other, but can be connected to each other through virtual networks. Virtual machine architecture.
1. "One-to-one mapping", which is the most typical in IBM virtual machine.
2. Map is made by machine virtual instructions, where Java virtual machine is most typical. VirtualPC uses a full simulation method
3. Direct mapping partial instructions, UNIX virtual machine models, and OSI virtual machine models.vmware is to transmit some operations to HOST by Host system
4. Call the operating system function directly.
Virtualization Virtualization
"Virtualization" is a software layer that can isolate software with hardware, form a single integrated view of all available computing and storage resources in a resource pool, by providing virtual features, viewing resources as a single public platform The final resource pool is like the water and electricity in our daily lives, becoming "utility computing) in the enterprise information system. It is an extension technology for virtual machines.
Virtualization is not a new technology. As early as 60/70s, IBM has implemented Virtualization in hardware systems such as 360/67, 370. Virtualization The VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor) has multiple hardware (VM, Virtual Machine), and each VM can be considered completely isolated. This isolation is different from the address space between the processes. Whether it is memory, equipment, or processor, etc., it is considered to be self-sufficient. The "any" operating system (called guest OS) can be run on the VM without affecting other VMs.
It first appears on a large host, and now there is also popular on UNIX servers and is spread to the server that is configuring Intel's strong processor. Microsoft and VMware adopts software-based approaches to implement "virtualization" and partitions, but Intel plans to provide support for virtualization through hardware. Intel is implicitly incorporating both related virtual functions into the Pentium, Xeon and Itanium processors, giving these chips to support multiple operating systems. For desktop chips, this feature is called VanderPool Technology (VT), which is called SilverVale Technology (ST) on the server. SilverVale and VanderPool provide interface functions that allow the operating system to know, for example, a hardware interrupt such as network information incoming. These features will be introduced with the next generation of Windows operating systems ("LONGHORN"). Can be used by EMC's VMware, Microsoft's future VirtualPC and Virtual Server, and Linux virtual software, the CPU level implements simulation. AMD will also launch a self-cultivation called Pacifica in the future, which is similar to Intel VanderPool and SilverVale.
For users, virtual computing resources will bring very obvious: First, it will improve resource utilization, avoid complex system integration and large-scale equipment, reduce investment costs; second, you can simplify management complexity, The overall system operates unified supervision and dynamic allocation, which can reduce computing management and operating costs; reliability. Server Virtualization --- Virtual Computing Resource provides resource integration, higher availability, and infrastructure flexibility, increasing the return rate of IT investment, and reduces overall cost of calculation infrastructure.
In the next few years, virtualization will become the most developable field in computer technology.
application
Anti-virus technology
Http://www.rising.com.cn/antivirus/rviruslore/rvirus028.htmhtp://www.rising.com.cn/antivirus/rviruslore/rvirus021.htm
Http://www.xfocus.net/articles/200310/622.html
2. Network Security
Construct a honeypot system under Windows http://we.678w.com/infoview/article_334.html
http://www.hjcz.net/showart.asp?art_id=917&cat_id=4
3. Program development
Programmers prepared, need to run in a variety of environments and multiple systems. With a virtual machine, you can install multiple virtual machines on a single computer and configure a variety of environments, which is conducive to find problems and quick feedback issues. With customer or server performance, the company configures their development environment and allows software engineers to develop, test multi-grade applications and safety scripts in a separate box. For example, using a virtual machine environment to provide Microsoft .NET test second edition development environment, allowing multiple developers to use this development environment to share virtual machines on the data center. Or provide developers with their standard desktop and make developers can run all of their development platforms on virtual machines. If desired, the development platform can be easily backed up, rebuild, copy or move to a faster machine.
4. Software test and crack
For software testers, a cracking enthusiast is often tested or cracked, and the software is installed, the system has no chaos, often there are some memory sharing errors .. The virtual machine guarantees your normal work and meets the needs of testing or cracking software.
5 .. Applied learning
The virtual machine generated is just a file, you can use the partition, formatting, etc. to run system and software, even if there is an error, just delete this file and reinstall it. And you can run the virtual machine's file to another computer, which greatly saves our valuable time.
In addition, because Solaris, Mac OS requires professional computer support. If you don't have condition to purchase these computers, you can create a real operating system environment for free through virtual machines. Even for Windows users, install a few Windows 2000 on a virtual machine to taste the domain, activity directory management, etc., especially for friends who prepare MCSE exams.
6. Entertainment
Gamers use virtual machines to play games on different platforms. For example, use Virtual PC to play old version of DOS game
7. Computing calculation
IBM, HP, Microsoft, Sun and other industry giants are seeking new ways, connect multiple servers, storage systems to form a computational resource pool in a common calculation. Through administrators or automated management software, the computing task will be easily passed from one hardware system to another hardware system, so that the computing resources are sufficient, reasonable. Virtualization technology makes the hardware upgrade easy and conveniently distribute resources according to the requirements of the computing task; once a device fails, the calculation task can be easily transferred, thereby greatly enhances the security and stability of the system.
VMware has announced the development of management software and a set of development tools named VirtualCenter, which will help IBM, HP and other companies can more easily integrate VMware software into their public computing techniques. VMware said that BMC software, CA, Veritas, HP, and IBM use this set in their respective integration tasks. At present, VMware's software product line is mainly for networking servers for data storage and processing.
8. Training environment
Regarding the biggest complaints of technical training, the company cannot use their own products in the same environment to train. With VM technology, you can create a comprehensive multi-server environment for the training, and allow it to run on a separate machine or a shared server. For example, Volant Training has a plan to use a courseware that uses VM environments. 9. Application migration
A critical driver, when migrating to a new platform, it provides the ability to continue to run legacy OS applications. By attaching VM technology applications on Windows 2003 servers, companies utilizing multiple original OS servers can achieve cost efficiency.
10. Server is enhanced
Provide great benefits for data centers and remote office. For example, assume that you have 100 branch points, at each point, you want to run an ISA server, Exchange 2000, and a Windows 2003 copy as a main domain controller. If there is no VM technology, then you still need to purchase three machines for each point, even if their utilization efficiency is low. With VM technology, just purchase a machine with 1 or 2 processors and run PDC on the host operating system (personal digital system: Personal Digital System), running ISA and Exchange on the VM. Through the data center, a variety of applications that their respective hardware requirements can be obtained, and they run them through a separate multiprocessor on the VM.
Price: The Virtual PC 2004 version was officially launched, priced at $ 129, down $ 229 in the Connectix period, which is not small, used to impact JC's VMware in the same field.
11. Server integration
Many companies have a server because of historical reasons or other factors, or several important departments are configured with servers. These server functions are relatively single, and the application is relatively small, but these applications are different, they cannot coexist from one service. In the past, only one service can be configured to each department, which invisibly adds hardware investment and management costs. Now, the company is facing an upgrade problem, can no longer buy a server for each department, but how the original service is saved? One step upgrade is not realistic, and there is a process.
With a virtual machine system, you can install multiple virtual servers, assign a virtual server for each department. These virtual servers do not differ from the real server, which reduces the cost of hardware investment and management maintenance.
12. Conflict between mediation
With the emergence of multi-tasking operating systems headed by Windows, the program needs to share resources. But when a program share the same system resources as another program, these two programs will conflict. In order to alleviate this contradiction, virtual machine (VirtualMachine) will be delivered. In the Windows system, all programs must be run in the virtual machine. Windows systems use virtual machines to allow running programs to believe in their access to all system hardware. For ease of understanding, the Windows system can be regarded as an resource administrator, which always monitors the hardware and resources being used by the running programs, and it also creates a virtual machine that runs the program resides. When the program sent the message to a particular device, the Windows system will intercept this message, and then send the message to that device and memory storage unit when another program does not use the device. The Windows system is to manage the entire system resource in this way, not a single program. (There are only two types of virtual machines in the Windows system: SystemVM (System Virtual Machines) and MS-DOSVM (DOS Virtual Machines). System Virtual Machines: 16-bit Windows programs and 32-bit Windows programs are running on the system virtual machine. All Windows-based 16-bit programs share a space on the System VM. Due to sharing, these 16-bit programs may cross their own resources. When this happens, the user will receive one or more GPFs (general protection Information .32-bit Windows programs have their own address space on the System VM, because these 32-bit programs do not share resources, so they cannot cross their own resources, so the pure 32-bit programs will not have crash, This is also why Windows NT is much higher than the root cause of Windows 95/98 system (NT is pure 32-bit operating system) !; MS-DOS virtual machine: Since each MS-DOS program has rows of all system resources Its access, so the MS-DOS application can only run one at the same time, so all MS-DOS-based programs can only be run on their respective virtual machines. 13. Desktop Distribution and Management Desktop-ONDemand
Regarding this function of Softricity and VMware written related white paper (desktop with: "Measure Softricti and VMware have any advantage of desktop distribution and management" and translated by Yun soft company http://www.tnsoft.com.cn /Transoft/partners/manuals/vmware-softrict-desktop-ondemand.doc)
Some common virtual machines
SystemVM (System Virtual Machine)
VDM (DOS virtual machine, it is used to run 16 real mode code in the 32-bit protection mode environment)
VMware (Business Software, Extreme Source Code Open, was stored in 2003) http://www.vmware.com/ http://www.vmware.cn/)
Virtual PC (US CONNECTIX, February 19, 2003, was acquired to virtual machine software and related patents in Microsoft, and then Microsoft added a virtual machine in Windows Server 2003, Microsoft will embed it in the Windows environment in the future, and in its core function A more features have been developed. Http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc/default.mspx)
Bochs (open source software, long-standing X86 simulator, original PLEX86, can run Windows / Linux / * BSD / DOS, the biggest advantage is OpenSource, Free.http://bochs.sourceforge.net/) qemu (MIPS R3K / ARM7 | 9 / PowerPC Simulator http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu /)
Pearpc (similar to virtual machine like Virtual PC, VMware, but it virtually the G3 processor, so you can simulate the Apple computer environment in the Windows system on the PC to run MacOS)
MIPS64EMUL (MIPS64EMUL can run on most UNIX, at least is currently running on Linux / NetBSD HOST. You can simulate 32/64-bit MIPS CPUs, support NetBSD, OpenBSD, Linux, Ultrix, IRIX MIPS version. Support Boot Mode Installation System and User Mode Run the ELF / COFF format executable file).
Virtuozzo (Business Software SWSoft Develop http://www.sw-soft.com/products/virtuozo/)
CygWin (see another article "Cygwin compiled with the vulnerability attack program" http://blog.9cbs.net/baishi_/archive/2004/12/13/215365.aspx)
Twoostwo (another compact X86 virtual machine, the function is similar to VMware.
http://www.twoostwo.org/)
SIMICS, (currently simulating the most virtual machines, support Alpha, ARM, IA-64, MIPS, POWERPC, SPARC V9, X86, And AMD64 platform, but its speed is really slow, if you The machine is less than 4 CPUs, or it is best not to run it)
QuickTransit (Transitive is working hard to define it as "hardware view, able to imitate almost all operating systems, and how much performance that runs on the mimicer does not slow down.)
JVM (Java virtual machine, not much)
Plex86 (for X86 open source virtual machine, similar to vmware)
two. VMware and Virtual PC
It is mainly to say that VMware is different from the Virtual PC because I am also confused for the two.
Memory articles
VMware occupies your virtual machine allocated memory and uses not free, adjustable.
VPC is updated based on your actual use.
Comment: It seems like a VPC is better, but the actual running speed is absolutely VMware.
Hard disk
VMware has a hard disk capacity is not adjustable (you can not change after specifying, but you can use the PC to add the second hard drive.) Can use the physical hard disk to use it into the virtual machine.
VPC, you can dynamically expand your hard drive, send you a 40G virtual hard drive, which can be changed according to what you install in the virtual machine. Do not use physical hard drives to virtual machines. Virtual PC's virtual disk defaults to 16G, but its actual size is dynamically allocated, how much file is stored, and the virtual disk file is on the host. (With the addition of files in the virtual machine, the space occupied by the virtual disk will only be large, don't try "disk finishing", and I will make the virtual disk file more. Microsoft provides us A compression tool -Precompact After running on the virtual platform, you can use the disk compression feature provided by the Virtual PC. It is said that this tool is not publicized, so many Virtual PC users are very intimate to the disk compression. - Before and after compression, the virtual disk is also as big as the original. It is because there is no reason for this stuff.) Comments: The actual use of VMware is much higher than VPC
Network articles
VMware is a network sharing through analog network card
VirtualPC is shared by binding the VirtualPCemulatedSwitch service on an existing NIC. For operating systems such as Win2000 / XP, if the network cable is not inserted or no NIC, you have to install Microsoft's LoopBack Soft Network Card to achieve network sharing. In VirtualPC's globalsetting, when there is a network card and plug in the network cable, set the virtualswitch into a reality network card; when there is no network card or network cable, the VirtualSwitch is set to the MSLoPBack Soft Network card to realize network sharing.
(MSLOPBACK software network card installation method, Win2000 as an example:
Control Panel -> Add / Delete Hardware -> Add / Exclude Device Fault -> Add New Device -> No, from the list Select -> NIC -> Manufacturers Microsoft-> MicrosoftLoopBackAdapter. )
Graphics card articles
VMware does not simulate the graphics card, you can use VMware-Tools to use high-resolution and true color, otherwise you can only use VGA.
VirtualPC simulates a relatively universal graphics card: S3TRIO32 / 64 (4M). From this point, VirtualPC is common than VMware, but the display performance is not as good as VMware.
Hardware
VMware can provide hardware-level simulation (with some programs, such as HD-COPY, can only run under VMware, if you use the Image file as a floppy drive). You can set the virtual machine's BIOS to provide USB and other more port services.
Virtual PC is not available, you cannot add multiple network cards in the virtual machine, no services for USB and other more ports, you cannot add multiple network cards to the virtual machine, and the remote control features are worse.
Disc article
VPC and VMware software have virtual optical drives
The VMware CD-ROMS is directly selected to do a good * .iso as the CD-ROM, and pay attention to setting it to IDE1: 0 is the primary disc of the IDE interface.
Right-click CD icon in VPC, select Capture Image ..., you can load the ISO file.
Startup articles
Mware is more like a new machine. When it is loaded, it is not possible to dynamically change the hardware setting. The start is absolute cold start, the check hardware, the relatively slow, but after the start system is completed, the speed is significantly more than VPC, compatible Sex a lot.
VPC is fast than VMware, which can dynamically change the settings, load various mirrored, if it is used to verify the start of the burned * .iso, save time. Note: VMware calls a lot of real-system configuration, and the optimization of the real system has a great influence on its running speed!
Environmental articles
VMware can run on Windows and Linux operating systems. (Do not support 98 systems)
Virtaul PC can run on Windows (Win98 or more) and Macos. (In order to reduce competition, Microsoft canceled the official support of Linux in the URTUAL PC 2004 in the URTUAL PC 2004 in order to reducing the Connectix.
Directional strategy
VMware The software is intended to use the application range of software debugging and expansion of large machines and industrial control, providing an ideal solution for administrators management and programmers to develop cross-platform applications for development people. Between various systems. Switch. The main battlefield is a server - for the enterprise data center, the strategy is part of the software that is very hot in the industry that is very hot in the industry.
Virtual PC Microsoft plans to use this technology to run the original software in the new hardware system and convict enterprises to upgrade to Windows XP, mainly for PC.
Choice
Professional users choose VMware, the most simple and convenient and compatible Windows users choose Virtual PC
three. Virtual Machine Research and Technology Seminar
On May 6 and 7, 2004, USENIX held the 3rd virtual machine research and technical seminar (VM'04). The predecessor of the discussion was held for two Java virtual machine technology seminars (JVM'01 and JVM'02). Since virtual machine technology has been widely used in the past few years, this seminar is no longer limited to Java virtual machines, but includes Microsoft.NET, and a lower-level virtual machine environment such as VMware, ConnectixVirtualPC and SWSoftVirtuozzo, etc. Aspects of research and technology.
Details of UseNixvm'04 See
http://www.usenix.org/events/vm04/
Particular papers submitted at the meeting:
http://www.usenix.org/events/vm04/tech/
.
Attached: Virtualization technology http://blog.9cbs.net/wkkii/archive/2004/07/15/42295.aspx
Data Center Storage Revolution - Virtualization http://www.dostor.com/info/solution/2004-07-07/0001815719.SHTML
Virtualization of the future http://media.ccidnet.com/media/swm/212/08601.htm
Chinese Academy of Sciences Storage and Virtualization Problem Home http://www.ihep.ac.cn/div7/san/index.htm
Save costs through virtualization architecture http://www.yesky.com/serverindex/77132944006709248/2004116/1876318.shtml
