I have not worked in the way I didn't use Windows for half a year. Linux has completed all my work. GNU / Linux is not everyone wants to use. If you only need to deal with a general transaction, play the game, then you don't need to know the following. I am not a fanatical free software, although I like free software. This article is not used to implement free software movements, although I think the free software movement is very good. This article is not used to compare Linux and Windows kernel efficiency, file systems, and network services. I am now as a user rather than a developer. Our discussion is based on operation, application level. To tell the college, I don't understand, or I don't understand UNIX scientists and college students, UNIX is more suitable for scientific research work than Windows, please understand UNIX how to work, do not use Windows standard to request Linux, and Use a scientist's standard to ask yourself, with UNIX's minds to arouse themselves. I obviously opposing the University, especially the science and engineering professionally promotes Windows. I also oppose the use of Windows in computer enlightenment to "dolls". Because Windows is technically, economic, ideological style is incomplete to cultivate high-tech talents. Windows's popularity is a historical issue. The grandfather's personality is certainly unhappy, but we should not let the next generation will continue to go.
UNIX is not a patent of computer experts
When I suggest that some non-mechanic professional people use Linux, many people say: "Unix is the use of the computer system, we can't understand." "Unix is boy, our girl is not." But in fact Most scientists and engineers are almost unix as their computer tools. Just because it is simple, reliable, stable, powerful, interesting. Even many times Unix is the only choice. You said: "We all use unix, what do you have to do with your computer?" Have a fortunate to tell you that some people in computer majors are specializing in providing you with powerful and convenient computer tools. What is the use of this tool if they use themselves?
Understanding GNU / Linux Don't use Windows standard to request Linux.
Because the word GNU / Linux is too long, if there is no particular indication, "Linux" refers to "GNU / Linux". In this era, I am afraid that no one needs me to introduce Linux? If you think "Linux is just something like DOS", then ask you Linux users next to you, what is LinUX? Then why do I have to write a such article? Because, many people don't understand Linux and UNIX, although they are also using it, but they sometimes ask: "Why can't Linux can't ...?", "How to redhat Linux can't Mount NTFS partition!" "What is the hard drive in Linux?", "When OpenOffice can be fully compatible with the Word file?", "Now there is any Windows to do things Linux can't do it?" ... they have 40G hard drive, but only for Linux allocates 2G space, sometimes complaining "How to play so much hard!" Seems to be mostly hard drives. They put important data in Windows partitions, seems to be Linux. They always look for novel, good-looking GUI programs, which is disdainful to the order of the order. They are very interested in Drag & Drop, menu configuration, and automatic upgrades. If they find a Linux program that is very like a Windows program, they will be very happy to say: "Haha! Linux can also ...!" If Linux wins Windows in some kind of test, they will be happy to jump. They have no way to use Linux to solve the problem, even use Wine to run a Windows program. Sometimes there is no way, I have to follow Windows, or simply save trouble, put a VMware virtual a Linux play in Windows. If you have the situation above, your thoughts have been influenced and misleading of a subtlety of Windows. You have not been able to understand UNIX thinking from this inherently. You support Linux, you like Linux, you can feel happiness from it, this is very good. You only need to understand now: Linux has never been a toy, it is the descendant of genius UNIX. UNIX is the greatest invention since the inventions of the transistors. It starts from the birth of the weather than Windows. What do you want to know is "design", a bad design is not to be sewing replenishment, and an excellent design can not only change, but can also affect the later people. An excellent design is equipped with an excellent implementation, that is, excellent inventions. Linux is an excellent invention. Linux does not need to catch up with Windows, nor does it need to be smashing Microsoft. Its ultimate goal is to change the entire computer world, and people are free to give people fun and convenience. Unix is simple, you don't need to become a genius and understand this simple. UNIX Designer Dennis Ritchie said: "Unix is Simple. It Just Takes A Genius to understand its simplicity." But I don't think so, because I am not a genius, but I bravely delete Windows, I don't have it When you understand things, try to solve the way in Unix, not to seek Windows help.
Now I have experienced the ideological and benefits of UNIX, I can work with a few times more efficient than Windows. Because I believe this belief: "Windows can do Linux will be able to do, and it is better." The words starting at this section should be modified: "Unix is simple, you don't need to be a genius or computer Experts. But in this world who reprimanded Windows error concept, you need beliefs and courage to understand its simple. "I will tell you something I understand. First of all, you have to know that Microsoft has no status in the field of international science. Microsoft's status Microsoft's reputation in Europe and the United States, especially in the computer system, everyone may have earned. I know MIT, STANFORD professors, experts from Bell Labs, and even high school computer teachers in European small countries do not mention Microsoft's name. In their eyes, Microsoft is just a small company that has no real technology, which is dedicated to commercial propaganda and monopoly operations in backward countries. This "small" is not to say that it is less, and there is less money, but it is less advanced technology. I wrote an algorithm demonstration program for the last and Wang Yi, the algorithm is a natural invention of a scientist Steven Fortune, in order to be used by most people around us, and we chose VC MFC as a platform. I also gave me a very enthusiastic encouragement when I analyze the algorithm, send me a lot of details, and I have explained a lot of details. But after the program was completed, I sent the sample to Fortune. He reply said: "Sorry. I don't have MFC on the machine." Said that it is very polite, but I have felt that he disdain for Windows. Then I sent it to him in the MFC static compile process, and he didn't reply again. He is obviously not looking down on me, but there is really difficult. Can you feel this scientist is what attitude towards Microsoft and Windows? Not a dislike, but his heart has no Windows at all! Microsoft has no development in high-tech fields, then how do it survive? Going to developing countries to develop, their people have not known to the computer, I can even get into the university's computer system. I sent them software, I donated money to cover the building, I went to find the Tuling winner to speaking, letting them think we are scientists! Ok, now the country's university includes Tsinghua, almost everyone's machine must install the pirated win2000, office XP, school selection system is not correct to browse, the paper uses Word Editing, Demonstate with PPT, Email's notification attachment is a DOC file, You don't have Word can't open, even the 863 project has written programs with VC. I have seen a newspaper for a long time, "Why didn't Microsoft strictly fight piracy?" This article said that Microsoft does not fight China's pirated behavior, and there is a trend of letting Put the long line to hang the big fish, "I will pay more than you!" It's so, it's a purpose. China Computer Education under Windows
If the sentence is lost, Bill Gates has been my idol ... // blush in China, Bill Gates is being sacred by many people, "Juvenile Computer Genius", and even some people mention his name. "Hold the box" posture. Many people talk about Microsoft's "new technology", "high-tech" is eyebrow dance. A variety of books such as "VC Programming Bible", "In-depth understanding of Visual C ", will have a very meat word in the beginning, "in the chaotic of the group, a open place, Windows 1.0, born ... "Microsoft's software is used by so many people, then how people use these pirated procedures? First look at the computer training class, you have some DOS commands, typing, windows basic operation, Word document processing, PowerPoint, advanced class may have Excel, Access ... Participate in a variety of Microsoft certification exams, McSe, MSDE people are not Absolute. The examination counseling class has been laid out of the words "280 yuan, testing". The exam reference is more expensive, and some computer bookstores are all "Microsoft Press". I have a classmate to participate in the certification exam, and each exam is more than 200 yuan. And you can test again, you have to pay again. He later said to me, see me, spend XXXX (a four-digit) yuan to test Microsoft certification, get a certificate of Bill Gates and a certificate of 6,000 yuan in Windows XP internal release. "The computer is working from the doll", let's take a look at what the dolls are learning. After most parents bought a computer, they first installed a pirated Windows, and then bought the pirated game to start playing. If a child will use the Delphi program, it is not. According to the reporter, TV station is reported to report, saying that a certain school's junior high school student is a certain "primary stage" in someone else, and has written procedures with Delphi. The lens also aims at the Bill Gates avatar in his display box! I just entered the University of the University, I don't know what is an operating system because I used to use "China Learning Machine". It is "Windows 95", "VC", "VC", seeing the new enrollment, "VC" ... I simply fell behind for decades, the whole of the past, I can't answer them at all. It's hard to find a more familiar classmate: "What is the martymnasto 95 that is talking about every day?" A: "Win95 is an operating system, it is a class with DOS." "What is the death?" "You even Don't know what it is? Don't be mixed in the computer. "The school is of course not talking about the VC programming, but the teacher of Pascal has said:" Hey, our school is really backward. Now others use c , C , even VC, we are still talking pascal. I don't know when I can have a VC class. You go out and use VC, I have to learn. "Some students have a lot of time to hold a lot of time. The books such as "Windows Programming" are not listening at all. When you eat, you will tell me about the word. "The optimization of the code is endless", "Hungarian naming method is a great invention" ... this is the situation in China's many university computers. Feeling ignorance? This is not accidental, but Microsoft has long buried a forever.
It is necessary to let the ignorant of ignorance as sacred, it is necessary to support Unix, Xwindow, once said Unix is good, Xwindow is good, it is said to be surrounded by a group of people: "This windows can do", " You have a prejudice for Windows "," Microsoft is the mainstream "," Do you dare to look down from Win2K? "," Net is the world's trend "," Microsoft is a new technology "," there is money is a technology "... It is still necessary to say that there is still a matter of compensation, "Windows is almost in performance, but it is easy to use," Windows is used by ordinary people, "I don't want to be so high", "Microsoft is so rich, I want to exceed UNIX. It is not easy. ? "... Computer Education in developed countries
I met a Dane person when I met a question about Scheme language. He solved all my questions and I suggested that I read some "De Olympics" syntax, literary book, and he told me that many websites can learn Lisp, Scheme, artificial intelligence, algorithm. He told me to see Jonathan Rees' papers "SyntActic Closures". He also packaged me to send a MIT's "How to Design Programs". He said that he is loading Linux in his own PC, he uses Emacs to edit and run the Scheme program. His understanding and hobbies for Emacs are surprised. Graduation design made by his University undergraduate is a Scheme interpreter. This is a lint of dust for me. He is so tired, and every question, every question, he has answered in detail. I sometimes feel too detailed, how can I be so patient? I think he seems to be my high school teacher. What kind of people are he? I curiously inquired his situation. It turned out that he is a computer teacher in a normal high school in Denmark. He said that he taught the programming and algorithm in high school, computer language law. He said to use Scheme, his students do not have to worry about the problems such as memory leaks, but focus on issues and algorithms themselves. It is conducive to cultivating students' ability to solve problems, especially the ability to solve mathematics issues with a computer. God! Why do you have so many mostthologists, geometrists? Do you see what others pay attention to! If our computer education continues this, will only walk along the bend!
Microsoft and its friends' wishful abacus
Let's take a look at how Microsoft's income is coming. First, the Windows 98 series operating system, one is more than 100 dollars, each upgrade is almost the same price. Windows NT is more expensive, and there is a number of users limit, 5 users, 10 users ... If you want to increase the user's number, you should pay it. Can I use a lot of money? It actually even provides the compressed program! The first thing you are installed after Windows is going to download a WinZip, "as long as $ 29". Windows will be a virus, and it will take $ 70 to buy a Norton Antivirus. Is there a hacker? Buy another Norton Internet Security, $ 100. The system needs to be optimized, the disk needs to be organized, buy a Norton System Works is your best solution, $ 100. But you still can't do it now! Do you want a word, PowerPoint? Then buy a set of office XP, buy cheap together, $ 459.90. Those programs will not be used! How do those menus set, what is the function? Look at "Help" and learn will not. Buy this book to see it, I recommend "Special Edition USING Microsoft Office XP", not expensive, $ 27.99. Most of this book is the screen graphic, or buy an old comparison, $ 17.85. If you are just a secretary, it's almost the same. But you have a higher pursuit, you want to be a Windows programmer. Buy a Visual Studio.net, or how to compile the program. $ 494.95. In order to keep up with Microsoft, the world's trend, can you not register a msdn what? This is worth a little, but worth a value, $ 2,799. Well, you are now the upper class, white-collar workers. You can now live like this "free", "safe" life: Why should I oppose using Windows?
Many people say that WINDOW should not be completely negated, and Windows also has its strengths. Should not be smashed. Correct. Windows is easy to operate, suitable for ordinary users. If Microsoft positions itself in P & G, Philips, you can give us a thoughtful, perfect, cheap and beautiful service. Then I definitely like it very much. However, from the above situation, Microsoft is a great international monopoly organization! Its product does not have problems: Windows is unstable, easy to develop viruses, and Microsoft does not provide anti-virus software for everyone. I just want you to spend money to buy my friend Symantec's anti-virus software. Who told you that I have already got my thief ship? What is the after-sales service! You bought Microsoft's procedures, there is generally a protocol when installing, said: "Since Microsoft procedures caused your data damage or loss, Microsoft is not responsible." I think many people will definitely feel this unreasonable, don't want to press it "I accept". But your software is bought, and the money spent it. Now, press "I Decline", the installer will immediately quit immediately. You have to be forced to click on "I Accept"! Is this not an unequal treaty? I have already witnessed several friends' documents by Microsoft Word, and some have more than ten days of 30 pages of papers. Some have a personal resume made from a lot of work. Opportunity opportunity. Just one night he want to vote, just in that moment ... I don't know if he is crying, I don't think I have to complain about Microsoft, but who told us that it is pirated, and you still click on "I Accept ". Microsoft has accounted for a large part of the PC market, which has developed "Microsoft standards" that does not meet international standards, and suppresses other companies in unreasonable ways, this problem has been a long time in the US Department of Justice. He even placed in the Windows Series operating system to leak user information through the network, so that Windows was prohibited by the Australian government when Windows just entered Australia. Some people said: "Microsoft has created a history, which has created today's IT industry." But if there is no Microsoft, we have used very stable, very reliable, very convenient, very "fool"! Microsoft is the culprit of the development of information technology. Microsoft's procedures (note, I just say how to operate, the virus thing is different) is indeed suitable for the general family, go online, send mail, and play games. However, Microsoft has to pack yourself into what "high-tech" enterprises, to set up a "research" around the world, giving uncomfortable Windows products that are not suitable for scientific research in the University Computer Department, and even ask for awards to come to China. "Calculation of the 21st Century", also promoted his .NET technology at the General Assembly. If you want to think that you are science, you are leading the world. but? It doesn't have any high technology. Europe, USA, which key department is using Microsoft? NASA? Doe? Cern? You think about it, Microsoft's program is a major role in humanity?
What is Windows to do and Linux can't do? --- "Windows can do things that Linux can't do, that is, there is no need to do things." There is a friend who doesn't use Windows for half a year, sometimes ask me: "You only use Linux, have you found some windows Don't do Linux? "- - I replied:" Windows can do things, Linux can't do anything, that is, there is no need to do it. "Windows can do the beneficial things that Linux can do --- Windows Some functions are indeed what we need, then Linux developers and users also need this feature, they will implement this feature, and more than Windows. Because most scientists, engineers are all Linux or some commercial UNIX, so almost all commercial scientific engineering programs, such as Matlab, Mathematica, AutoCAD, CANDENCE, SYNOPSYS, Avant! ... all have Unix Version (including Linux), then consider porting to Windows, even simply being planted to Windows, because Windows machine generally does not have enough capacity to run such a program. Don't think that only Windows has PSPice, UNIX HSPICE is much better, and can run on a large host. Of course they are not free, but they value the price. But there is something that is not very similar under Linux under Windows, or you have a lot of similar things, but each of them is a lot more than the process of Windows, then there are two possibilities: there is a fully similar program, But because it is not beautiful, you are ignored by you. Although other programs seem beautiful, they are written by some beginners. Now due to the birth of GTK, Qt, the development of graphics interfaces under Linux is extremely simple. Many junior high school students can make some beautiful uninited procedures. If you look for such a program all day, you can never find you satisfied. Of course, there are also first-class programs to use GTK and QT, such as GVIM, you can use GTK as a graphical interface, I also know some of the Synopsys program uses Qt. I have also made such a mistake, distinguishing everything from the appearance. The results of excellent FVWM, LFTP, MUTT, WGET were ignored. When I find them, I am so shy, they are all my friends, I first saw that Fvwm felt that it was just a very thick and ugly border. But now, my classmates have seen FVWM: "Wow! It's beautiful." There is another completely different way to achieve the same purpose, even better. Many people are concerned about Open Office, Star Office, AbiWord, ... they hope that one day a Linux program is fully compatible to open a complex DOC document. But you will never have this day. why? Because Microsoft is in order to occupy the market, it will not allow other system programs to be fully compatible with its document format. It will change the internal structure of the DOC document, hide some secrets, always have some problem when you open the DOC documentation, so you must purchase Microsoft Office and Windows.
You should think about it, so many high-level universities, scientists, students, they are all Linux or other types of UNIX, they don't have word available, how to deal with documents? There is no such thing as Open Office, is there any way to write a document? Obviously not this. Look at the high-level academic magazines, papers, those professors from the university, those beautiful slides, what do they do? Original Unix users have a very convenient Troff, Latex, SGML and other things to handle documents, and they have much higher than Word. Word was obviously ignored by these big parts, so that no one wanted to develop a similar Word under Linux, unless certain companies wanted to grab the Microsoft Bowl. Many people staying with Windows on the hard drive is nothing more than Word and PowerPoint. I have seen a professor, and his Windows laptop does not have anything to PowerPoint. One day, he pointed to the pile of characters: "Sorry, this is a formula ... How is this every time ..." In fact, there are hundreds of times better than PowerPoint, you can use the simplest Method to make world-class papers and slideshows. You can take a look at my Tex webpage later, you will know why I can completely leave Windows. Things that Windows can do, Linux will never do it.
Computer Games
Some people say that all games you can get under Windows will not be able to play under Linux. Indeed, although there are also a small amount of games under Linux, such as Quake. But it doesn't have Counter Strike, no Star craft, ... is not to say that computer games should not be played, but should be suitable. Computers are used to handle transactions, help you learn, solve problems, not a toy! I am addicted to the computer game all day, and I can't feel out of the world, you will become more cold, more and more lack of people. You are getting farther and farther with the real world. You can kill people in CS, you can adventure in Tomb Raider, you can even skateboard in Tony Hawk's Pro Skaters ... but it's not real! Although you have a very high "anti-terrorism skill", when you encounter a gangster, you are so embarrassing; you control Laura to reach your hands agility, but how do you always break the ball when you play basketball? Although you can easily make a "360 Kickflip to Hangten Grind to Fakie" in THPS, you will not be Ollie when you step on your own skateboard! Said back, if you don't have a computer game, you can do it. But there are far more than Windows PCs than Windows PC. Sony's PlayStation2, Sega's Dreamcast, N64, Namco's Arcade ... Every one is wonderful than Windows games, each has such a high 3D performance, so that Pentium4, Itanium gforce4 can not be more than to be beautiful! Linux users are concerned about the key issues that solve the world's key issues, where do they have time to play games with their own machines? They use Linux efficiently to make their own work to enjoy naturally go to the sun. To play games, you are also playing some intelligence games like push boxes, greed to eat snakes. So, do you know why linux has almost no game?
"Finishing hard drive, optimization system"
This is a very interesting topic, second only to the topic of "virus". I believe many of the Windows users have the experience of the hard disk. In many windows users, "hard drives have been for a long time, there will be fragments, speed slow down, need a program to finish, do not do other work when finishing hard drives", which seems to be a natural life. I have also seen Norton Defrag to display my hard disk, adjust, adjust, and report: "100% without fragmentation." I have reached the best state. I only found that I am naive. Linux and UNIX users seem to have never "sorted hard drives"? Do you think it is strange? If you feel very strange, then your thoughts are banned to some extent by Microsoft's garbage programs. You need to understand that many large hosts of UNIX must be 24 hours a day, and the 365 days will continue to work in a year. If you have a hard drive every week, it is hard to do anything when you finish it. Absolutely don't work! The Linux machine does not have to organize the hard disk at all, which is why didn't I see Linux users to organize the hard drive. Linux's file system is better than Windows's FAT, FAT32, NTFS overall file system, but can not only implement full protection, but also "more and more complete", "the more fragments, the less"! You should put most of the files in Linux partitions, not the Windows partition, because it is much more reliable than the Windows partition. There are also more funny things that there are many programs such as "Norton System Doctor", "Windows Optimization Master", "Super Rabbit Registry Magic", and expensive. It seems that an operating system should have a lot of problems, requiring other manufacturers to "optimize" it, and you need to pay! These problems have nothing to do at all, so don't need to optimize. The Linux kernel itself is highly optimized. Some people have no good IDE development environment in complaining. Linux has some IDEs now, but there are always many problems. Are you looking for, you can have a VC such a development environment in a certain day? Have you found that you are entering Microsoft to give you a strange circle? Why do you have to use IDE? You said: "IDE has developed quickly, conveniently debugged, suitable for large programs ..." The description Microsoft's program has been in your mind, you need to be awake, look at me to tell you. Gao Ming Unix programmers do not have to use IDE, IDE has never been used for primary Windows programmers. Look at large Unix programs, including Linux kernels, various web services, XWindow programs, which one is Ide? There is no one in our laboratory. I also know that the high-performance graphical interface EDA program of CANDENCE, SYNOPSYS, MENTOR is not written by IDE. Do you believe that Microsoft people do not use IDE when writing Windows itself. Microsoft internal programmers' favorite editor is actually Vim, and the Microsoft programmers with Vim have served more than 1,000 US dollars to Uganda's poor children. This is worthy of praise.
One magazine interviewed some famous Linux kernel programmers, including Linus, no one used IDE, some people used Vim, some of them used Emacs, only Linus said "GNU Emacs IS Evil", but in fact he used It is a Microemacs with the same key binding function with Emacs. Everyone has edited the program file with the editor, and then call the GCC compiler to complete the compilation work with the automated tool such as Make. Even advanced Windows programmers do not use IDE, they can call CL, NMake from the command line to compile their own programs. Although such a Windows programmer is very small, they are the most understanding of Windows, the highest Windows programmers. Why do UNIX programmers do not use IDE? Understand this truth, you can experience UNIX design ideas. First, an IDE integrates an editor, compiler, assembler, debugger, tracker ... This editor function is definitely more than VIM or EMACS, the compiler is less than GCC, the assembler is not an AS, debugger If you don't get on GDB, DDD, the tracker is less than strace, LTRACE, TRUSS. You get a set of integrated low-energy programs. If you are dissatisfied with the function of the debugger, you have to switch another set of IDEs, but this Ide's hotkey, menu, editor feature, buttons ... have a great difference with the original. You have to spend a lot of time to familiarize yourself with the new environment, and you can't keep some things. And it is different under UNIX. You can use your favorite Vim Editor, you can call GNU Make in VIM, Make can call GCC, LD, ... Make's error message can be captured by Vim, Vim can help you locate in the source program. If you like an ICC, you can let Make use ICC instead of GCC. If you feel that the GDB tracking variables are more troublesome, you can use DDD to display the relationship between various data structures. You can also call GDB in Emacs, so you can synchronize the source code. And Vim and Emacs can also edit a lot of other things, such as letters, latex documents, HTML, configuration files ... You don't have to find another editor to do these mixed. Many programs such as MUTT, TIN can be used internally, which is more convenient. In fact, Make can also help you in other respects, and each of my relatively large Latex documents is maintained by Make. Linux can do high-precious things in Windows can't do it.
Of course, there are many things to be Linux / UNIX patent. Because Windows can only be installed on the PC, it seems that there is Alpha before you can use Windows NT, but you have not seen someone. The power of the PC is very low. People who have processed NP-HARD issues like our compilation, using Windows machines are not enough, and sometimes a problem is calculated for a few days or even a few weeks, the Windows machine is known as "crash" How can we rest assured? So almost all scientific computing procedures, EDA programs, high-performance image handles are not Windows. They sometimes transplant some to Windows, but often reduce the ability of those programs. Do you have any difference between MathematicA and Linux? The largest parallel computer manufactured by IBM has more than 8,000 processors. Windows cannot be capable of managing so many processors. What operating system is it used? The answer is Linux. The three-dimensional animation in the "Titanic" movie is so delicate and realistic. Can the Windows machine do? Not. That is also the Linux machine. The Civil Aviation Administration used virtual reality training equipment for training local accommodation, and Windows certainly could have no power. That is all commercial IRIX machines. UNIX is the first system that supports TCP / IP network protocol. It has a lot of network service programs that can collaborate with each other, and they have reached a relatively perfect extent through many years of use and revision. And in 1997, Microsoft's Bill Gates is still threatening: "The Internet is no future." Microsoft's "Vision" Everyone should have seen it, and it will later add the network service program IIS vulnerability, let The Ministry of Public Security has frequently issued alert. Everyone is also seen. In fact, you know that things that Windows don't have the same thing can be better than Unix. Linux can't do anything, Windows can't do it, of course Linux is not universal. It also has something that can't do it, the computer can't do anything. But Linux can't do anything, Windows can't do it. These things are what we need to explore and need to work hard. During your exploration, Linux must be your good partner. Don't cover up Linux and XWindow! Don't treat our users as a fool. what? You have long you know that Windows is garbage? Oh! Why don't you say it earlier! I am so nonsense so much.嘿嘿. "Okay. You know that Windows is garbage, what do you use now?" "Linux XWindow" "I ask you, what is Xwindow?"
"Isn't it just like WINDOWS? Just the 'start' button comparison, and it is not a Windows flag, but an ankle. Click on a very beautiful Chinese menu. I like it!"
"Do you know what is the 'root window'?"
"I don't know. I have never heard of it?"
"The root window is the largest window covering the entire screen."
"Where is any window! I didn't see it?"
Do you find a problem? These Linux users said that they are using Linux and XWindow, but they don't know much about Linux and XWindow. Many people have used so long xwindow, they don't know what the root window is. I don't know if the button is also a window. I don't know what the window manager is related to other programs. Everyone thinks that the button above the window is put it it yourself. I know what the window "class name", "resource name" is. They don't know what.xdefaults is used for dry. In particular, many people don't know how XWindow's font is named, what is fontset, and there is a new font and I don't know how to install it. They were shackled in a layer of packaging on Linux, and they waited for tools with graphics interface to help complete everything, they think Linux is the same as Windows, just trouble. They know that the Linux kernel is very good, but they can't feel the natural advanced nature of Linux and Xwindow at the operation, and then the Linux completely removes Linux soon. You find that there is no, to understand the advanced nature of UNIX and XWindow's operating level is the best way to retain users. If the user can't make it easy and efficient, the kernel will never pay attention to it. But use the imitation of Windows to attract users and will never fail. Because Linux imitates the low-efficiency way of Windows, then Linux's "low efficiency mode" will never be "low efficiency" in Windows. Then the user will say: "This Linux is not the same as Windows." Linux is born inheritors Unix's efficient work mode, why should we cover it? Why do we only tell the user KDE menu how to use? Why can't we tell the user as the first quarter as an early XWindow book, what is X Server, what is X Client, what is Window Manager, what is the root window. The second chapter tells what properties of the user window, what is classname, resource name, hint, how to use .xdefaults, xrdb ... Here I have to say that people who have the Linux issued company and written books, they put Linux Packaged with xwindow, but did not come from basically telling the working principle of XWindow. A lot of books taught the level of gnome, KDE's menu, with a large number of graphs to dominate, "boom" Linux book market. Many people have now written a good-looking program that can use the library of others as a symbol of its own programming. In this "graphical", "visualization" age, if you still use troff, Latex write documentation, you are still using Vim yourself editing HTML, with MUTT processing email, you are still using text mode GDB debugging, you Still use the XLIB write, you are still using the useNet, you are still writing makefile, write machine code, you are still playing the character mode adventure game such as Clossal Cave, then you are old antiques. In fact, this kind of thinking is wrong. Although you are a firm Linux supporter, your thoughts are Windows' thoughts. You think the graphical interface, the menu, the button can solve all problems, you can give you efficient and convenient. You still have not got rid of Microsoft to your subtle things. You are actually inseparable from the environment like Windows, you will delete your own Linux sooner or later.
GUI vs. CLI is a firm "two-faced", everyone see this title is blood boiling? Two prawns can be siege: gui send users: "Wow! I see your little child is CLI. Otherwise what Makefile itself? What mUTT?" CLI sent users: "Cut ~ you also use X ! Don't use x. You are the side of Gui. "Poor me:" 555 ~~ You don't want me ~~ Gui and CLI are so water fire? "There are still many martial arts in the computer world. It is very characteristic that CLI and GUI are. CLI (Command Line) The fanatic article claims to never use X. I saw a classmate in the laboratory to log in to the Sun machine with a SecureCrt, and then use a Vanilla VI editor, I suggested that he started a GVIM to display on the Exceed. But he resolutely opposed and said: "Master doesn't use X. You think, if I use x? How do I use X?, How many servers don't have X programs." But our lab is fast enough, Windows The machines have Exceed, and the Sun machine has a full X client including GVIM. He said he is a resolute supporter of the CLI, but he is using Windows, he later opened several second, entered the address, user name and password each time, from the drop-down menu, then "SSH2", then click "Connnect" . He is also soaring that SecureCRT is "the most popular login mode selected by the network administrator". Old days, SecureCrt itself is a gui, he did not understand the benefits of xwindow. Do you say that I am GUI? Although I've been very working under Console. But I am very familiar with BASH, VIM, I can make Bash work in accordance with my key binding method. I can use MUTT in RXVT to send and receive email. Almost on each desktop, you will have a different size of RXVT. I edited Latex with Vim. I write Makefile yourself to maintain the LaTex document. I sometimes use MPG321 to put MP3. I am writing the expect script I wrote by BBS. Ok, the CLI-send friend can accept that I have all the allies. You said that I am the old antique of the CLI? My FVWM is configured as "handwritten operation", I can start RXVT if I draw a "R", I can start GVIM if I draw a "U", ... I use GVIM syntax to highlight the mode editor, I Use Mozilla to browse the web, ... The gui is now seems to recognize me to be friends, okay. CLI-send friends, although I like the command line, I sometimes draw a left right on the screen: Module Fvwmconsole -terminal RXVT -GEOMETRY 45X5-0 0 -BG gold -fg midnightblue -fn "-adobe-coier -MEDIUM-R - * - * - 14 - * - * - * - * - * - * - * "Do you want to take me out of the teacher now? Gui party, although I like the window very much. But I can enter in fvwmconsole: all (rxvt) MoveToDesk moves all my RXVT to the desktop I have now.
"This guy, how can I rebellion so soon!" Why don't you divide, Unix and XWindow are industrial standards, and they have a very flexible usage, each program, whether it is a guide or command line? Can collaborate with each other. Unix and X are a family, why bother is so embarrassing, not this? Can you see the blurred line of GUI and CLI from the behavior of me? I am a firm "two-faced". Unix is simple - "I believe that simple is the best, if it is too complicated, I can't understand." -Seymour Cray Many first time the people who use Linux will be surprised to find that Linux proceeds do not have to "install" You can run, the program is copied to the casual directory, instead of you to take up your first partition space. The settings of the program are just some simple text files. You don't need any "Registry Modifier" at all, you can change the settings of the system. This is called simple, but simple is beautiful. Although this is only a beautiful understanding of UNIX, you have already experienced something. But it doesn't mean that the function is weak, does not mean backward. Instead, simply means powerful, meaning vitality. I will not continue to explain the "simple" of UNIX, because this needs you to understand yourself. UNIX is eternal saying: "Plan9 will replace Unix, Mach will replace Linux kernel." But if you are a deep understanding of Unix, you will know: Unix's thoughts are eternal, no matter whether it is transit, PLAN9 is replaced Unix, UNIX souls will be in PLAN9! I wrote a Linux kernel and a Windows VXD driver for the same device. When writing Linux drivers, I am convinced of the perfect consistency of UNIX design. UNIX uses the same interface read (), Write () system calls to different objects: normal files, equipment files, pipes, pipeline files, socket, .... I can't write a test-driven application to test my device, because CAT, CP, DD, they also use the same read (), write (), device, and normal files in the application. There is no difference in the eyes. In that, there is no SmallTalk, there is no C era, UNIX designers have used the so-called "object-oriented method". For the C language, an object-oriented object is also possible. Unix system calls have no big changes in decades, this is not stubborn, and does not progressively symbolize, but it is an embodiment of Unix! This is similar to the TEX procedure for decades. These are real eternal master piers! You should change all softwares must be upgraded from 0.1, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, ..., 3.0, 3.1, 95, 98, 2000, xp, ... idea. Windows is different, it is just a graphic packaging on the top of a DOS. Later, in order to comply with the past, it had to add a lot of cumbersome. When I wrote the VXD driver, I'm deeply experienced. The Windows 95 program only uses DeviceIocontrol, I have to write two applications to test the device driver. The inconsistency and implicitness of the Windows kernel make me very annoyed.
However, Windows WDM drivers now have readfile, writefile, ... What is the explanation? The description of Windows is learning to UNIX, or maybe a UNIX designer has played a few days in Microsoft, and adds a few UNIX things. In this way, Windows is very bad design from the beginning, and its history is too heavy, what is the use of seam supplements? It can only be eternal by UNIX! UNIX is a powerful thing that makes smart people do what they want to do. One feature of UNIX is very flexibility, and XWindow also has this flexibility. Where is this flexibility? Unix's procedures generally have a lot of parameters, no matter what you use it now, some people need certain parameters. Many of their behavior can be changed in configuration files. For example, GNU Bash, usually the default command line input method is an EMACS method, but as long as I edit a .inputer file, it can turn it into a VI input method, and I can also bind the key sequence to some operations. I can use Shopt to set it a lot of features, such as whether a wildcard extension can be used as a variable as a directory, can automatically correct some obvious catalog name typing errors ... UNIX programming idea is to provide Give the user "mechanism" without limiting the user to develop "policy". This is an important respect for users. Let's take a look at XWindow. XWindow is an excellent design that separates the display server and the client program. One display can display the programs on this machine or display the X programs on the other machines, and they all comply with the unified command of your window manager, and they can easily transfer scrapbook data, various events. ...... Sometimes I have four different machines on different machines, and GVIM on different machines, ... they are unified by the FVWM command on this machine. The XWindow program has many of the multi-command line parameters and resource parameters. You can settle all colors, fonts, sizes ... and if you import .xdefaults into the root window with XRDB, then there is no configuration in other machines, display you The same appearance is also complied with the same appearance when it is on the machine. XWindow's window has Property, which is some shared data (atom) that can be defined. It is because of these Property existence, making XWindow have incomparable vitality. The X's window manager and other client programs have no unified protocol, but ICCCM (customer program communication specification), this specification is defined by Property. Now some people define a "extended window protocol (EWM Hints" that makes XWindow can have some Windows features, such as a tool program, can tell Window Manager: "The screen is taken by 4 pixels under this screen. Space, don't cross this line when you maximize the program. "A powerful window management program such as FVWM, when it receives this prompt, you can prompt the tool program, or you may not agree. Who is the power of everything? Of course it is a user! You think about it, is some Windows programs often pop up a window to choose "Yes or NO"? You can't go on it without clicking it. Do you feel that your program is infringing your dignity? You are a person, a wisdom of creatures, how can you receive such a procedure? There is also a lot of windows programs regard people as a fool, and it is a "smart program".
For example, there is a program that likes to turn your first letter into uppercase, I don't say who it is, I will know when you encounter. If there is "one sentence, one letter is written", "is a significant problem, it requires a program to help you correct it, what is the human brain still used? Moreover, if you deliberately want to write, then it is more troublesome, I have not found this stupid option from it from its big pile menu. Only symbols can fully manipulate the computer. Let us say a lot of first school Linux users. Although they are using Linux, but they feel WINDOWS in their eyes, they hope that Linux can "like Windows" one day. You said: "My mouse is a little, my menu is pull, ... you can complete my action." But I want to tell you: "Linux has never imagined Windows, will not .Linux from the birthday, it Working is more advanced than Windows. Linux belongs to people who can bravely face symbols. Only symbols can fully manipulate computers. "
Take a look at the excellent UNIX program, XFree86, Fvwm, Vim, Emacs, Proftpd, Mutt, Wget, TIN, ... No one is not using the configuration file to set the option. Why can these programs have no convenient menu to configure? Is it so low that their designers, and even the graphical configuration interface can't write? of course not. Because the ability of the graphical interface configuration method is extremely limited, the expression capability of the configuration file and program language is unlimited. When you configure these programs with a graphical interface, if you want to achieve the effect of the configuration file, you need a hundred thousand menus, checkbox, radio button, ... you can't find the place you need to modify! The syntax of the configuration files of each program has a lot of similarities, which is generally some commands, set some variables, parameters, ... once it is used, others will be easily understood. If you are used to AWK, SED, Perl, you will feel that that is really automation. Although the mouse is a good tool, its expression ability is limited. You can't use the mouse to let the computer understand what you mean, it has only 3 buttons after all. Look at my metapost page you can experience this weakness of your mouse. So though we like the mouse very much, but you can't rely on it.
The perfect cooperation of each applet
This is the most important feature of UNIX, it is the idea of UNIX design. Let each program only have a dedicated ability and then let them cooperate. XWindow also inherited this kind of good tradition. This is probably Windows and other operating systems to show the dust and place. Unity of UNIX programming, the perfect cooperation, really make me unbelievable! Shell, GREP, Find, AWK, SED, MAKE, Perl, Emacs, VI, TIN, MUTT, ... they are so consistent! Once you have learned the regular expression of the SED, other programs are basically available. Once you have learned VI and Vim, you will find that it is so regularly, and it seems that VI designers have designed Vim in today's perfect and unified way of managing! Moreover, the operation of the VI is also reflected in many programs such as MUTT, TIN. You can even set the BASH to the VI input method to enter the command line, I do this. A program can call another program to get the data, you can pay the data to it, and can "embed" another program in its own window. This cooperation is very difficult in Windows and other non-UNIX operating systems. I used Perl to make some automatic work under Windows. However, Windows file operations, the pipeline is so unstable, and the programs are basically unable to cooperate. Don't want to embed the UltraEdit editor in the Visual Studio window, don't want to use an Expect script to control Telnet to Shuimu Tsinghua BBS. Windows programs are large, large, all email programs need to provide editors, send and collect mail, display an accessory of the email. Each BBS program provides its own Virtual Terminal, its own communication code. Each IDE provides editor, compiler, assembler, and debugger. In order to use a new program, people need to adapt to all of these it provides the interface, and cannot use the key binding of your favorite editor, menu organization ... can't DIY! You have to know that the most advanced computer is custom-made, what you want, what CPU, what motherboard, how much memory, what hard drive, keyboard, mouse, display is selected. The highest level skateboard, what brand of layers, what brand of sand, what bridge, what is the wheel, what bearing, is also you choose. The most advanced antique, plague, sponge, glue can choose ... and use Windows programs, you get big chowder, just like you buy "brand machine", only a few configurations, and there are many Software and services you don't need; just like you buy a small skateboard, you want a big wheel and a narrow board, but you don't have this room! The Windows program is equivalent to the cheapest, most sluggish skateboard. But it will spend more money, because once a part is broken, or you don't like it, you can't find a good to change it, you must buy a full set of accessories! Unix and XWindow are high-grade "assembled". For example, when I use MUTT, I can use VIM to edit the email, I can use ImageMagick to display pictures in the attachment with ImageMagick, I can use Lynx to turn the HTML attachment into text embedded window, I also You can hand over the HTML attachment to Mozilla graphic display.
I can let Gnupg help me digitally sign and encrypt the email, and I can also use other PGP programs. I want postfix instead of sendmail to help me send an email, I want fetchmail to help me collect mail, forward to postfix, then be handled by my own PERL filter ... I can do it! I can choose my favorite special procedure to complete special work, then combine them together, I can also get their benefits separately.
Learning UNIX is absolutely not a waste time. Someone told me: "You see that I don't have to learn in Windows. And use Linux, I will spend me a week!" First, I want to tell you, you put Linux flower. One week, not because Linux is not well installed, but because you have become used to Windows, it is difficult to understand Linux. What do you want to think when you originally installed Windows? How much time you spent, what is the hard disk partition? What is a disk? What is the directory? Do you think that Windows is so easy to learn? Although you feel that there is no time to learn, but you have been inapply, you have been inappropriate when you use someone's machine. And since you want Linux and Windows and exactly the hard disk, it adds to the installation difficulty. And you have not got a help of experienced Linux users, otherwise they will help you within 20 minutes. It is too exaggerated for a week. If you use it at the beginning, there is no such problem. You think that if you have not used Windows, you will definitely be used to / etc, / usr, / usr / local, ... not C:, D:, E:, ... isn't it? If you only have used Linux, you will probably ask: "/ bin directory where you first use Windows?" The most important thing is that you can use you a life, not Will be so easy to change or disappear. You can never have to change another tool. Unless the tool is much better than you, and you can fully simulate your current tool. Our laboratory has been in a 60-year-old teacher, with VI, CC, Make, ... all decades, his previous experience is definitely no white fee, and the church has a batch of students. VI is born with the initial release of UNIX until one of the world's first two editors today! Some people's FVWM profiles have been used for more than 10 years, and they can now be used completely without modifications. Take a look at Windows tools, you will be able to adapt to the new environment from Borland C : the menu is different, the color is different, the button is different, the help information is different, the hotkey is different, the compiler parameters, debugger function Also different, ... At that time, I am afraid to spend a lot of time to adapt. When you have just adapted to VC, you have to replace it into VJ, Powerbuilder, C Builder, ... Many Windows programmers are like this, start with Turbo C under DOS, then Borland C, VC, C Builder, ... Constantly chasing Microsoft's trend. And Microsoft's SDK, MFC, .Net ... is constantly changing, continuously problematic, and constantly modifying ... Windows programmers have to buy and heavy Microsoft Press books, only one month, Outtime. Today you learned to write VXD, you must use WDM tomorrow. You have to register MSDN to catch up with Microsoft's pace. Many people say: "The computer is the majors of the nobles." This is caused by Microsoft. These things are the time and money that have not been wasted. This is a waste of life! Why don't we use it from birth to a consistent and perfect UNIX? You need to understand the design concept of advanced tools. UNIX tools are like our cars, its clutch, throttle, brake, steering wheel, rear view mirror, always in the same location.
If you are used to, you will have a good part of your car, or you can repair it. Isn't this? Some people say: "You said that we need to understand UNIX. Do you have to learn the structure of the car?" You ask the driver who drives the car, which one does not understand the structure of the car, then his driver's license is mixed. Do you want a fool type "Microsoft car"? Let's take a look: The Microsoft car you bought is only one seat. Every time you add a seat, you have to pay for the car company. The anti-collision airbag on the car will come out from time to time, saying is for your safety. Every 100 miles will be repaired once, and the engine will be changed every year. Included, you must also exchange new models of oil supplied by the oil company designated by Microsoft Motors. Your car has a problem, but the law stipulates that you are not allowed to remove your car to repair, you must go to the maintenance point specified by Microsoft Motors, you need to pay a lot of money to repair a small problem. The most intimate is that every time you change a model of Microsoft car, its brakes and clutches are in different locations, you need to re-examine the driver's license. If this car is brakes on the way, you are seriously injured, you can't agree on Microsoft Motors, because you must sign a contract after you buy a car, say "because Microsoft cars have caused everything caused by you and your family, Microsoft It is not responsible. "How to complete the work with GNU / Linux
Said so many Windows is not good. I haven't told you how I use Linux to handle some necessary things. I used to have a dual system because Chinese is always configured, I have always been a dual system, and I need to restart Win2k from time to time to process Chinese characters. Later I found Minichinput, XSIM, and SCIM input method. This can handle Chinese characters. And Vim and Emacs support Chinese characters better and better. Most of my text is edited by Vim, including programs, letters, web pages, latex paper, Metapost drawing languages. I don't have to write the paper like this, but use LaTex because it is the best, most convenient papers in the world, is the format of most academic magazines. The slides are made with context, which is very simple, and the effect is very beautiful. You can look at my tex introduction. As for the drawing, you can use a lot of visual tools such as Xfig, DIA. But for me, any visualized tool cannot complete some tasks, I need a language that can accurately describe graphics. I found Metapost. It is simple and easy, and the effect is first-class world. My illustration, if not an image, is Metapost painted. I once complained that Mozilla-Mail often suddenly disappeared, damaging the letters that I have to complete. Later I found that Mozilla's mail handler is indeed unstable, the function is weak, and the experienced UNIX users do not have such a program. MUTT is a very stable and reliable UNIX mail handler and is very powerful. I worked for GNOME and KDE instability. Now I found very powerful FVWM. KDE, GNOME can also work with FVWM. Although GNOME and KDE are generally unstable, some component procedures are not bad, many gtk, QT procedures are also very good, and many of them can run independently of these desktop environment. Linux has a lot of powerful working methods to be Windows, or something like, but it is very uncomfortable. For example, SSH service, RSYNC, CVS, Expect ...
in conclusion
What is the purpose of doing so much? I want to like Linux friends, completely clear Microsoft and Windows instill in your mind, don't believe what they call "new technology", don't catch Windows, because catching Windows = reverse. Marx has a very important thing. "The new thing does not necessarily appear in recent recently." Unix, Xwindow, TEX is more than Windows, but they are representatives of advanced productive forces. We must clearly understand what is true modernization, what is real automation. Eliminating the illusion of learning computer, bravely picking up like Bash, FVWM, TEX, VIM, Emacs, Mutt ... This powerful program, brave face symbol. Don't complain again "why Linux can't be like Windows", don't waste time trying with such programs, don't upgrade again. You need to understand UNIX how to work because it is the way of working in most scientists. Linux can become your good friend, you need to know it, understand it, trust it, can completely rely on it to work efficiently. Of course, in the game console, mobile phone, handheld, or when using computer to entertain, use some "fool software" or not bad. I hope primary school, computer teacher's computer teacher can improve their quality, in the enlightenment of children The education is fully utilizing the characteristics of Linux mystery, causing children to mathematically, and the symbols are curious. Inducing them to use a computer to solve the world's interesting problems, not to limit the scope of the teaching to the computer's operation and its own problems. Appendix: I have a Linux program that I have to deal with daily transactions. I know that you find yourself to turn to Linux, you regret why I am the evil of Microsoft. But don't worry. Because these things are just tools, they are used to accomplish your main tasks. You used to choose the wrong tool, this is not tight. You still have your original professional skills, that is the most important thing. The tool's thing is only slowly adapting to the conversion, can't be a good, otherwise you will feel very interesting, even give up. If you just want to be a normal user like me, the main purpose is to use Linux to complete your own task, so you can ask yourself without system administrators or network administrators, because when a system and network administrator do Very hard. Here I am from the laboratory's network management classmates, thank you for your guidance and help. Don't use your machine as a web server, don't have to open no necessary services, set up SSH, FTP is enough. This will save the time that many things that are not necessarily understanding. Do not take over "safety" because Linux is safe. However, you are interested in learning more that. Here are some programs that are recommended to handle general things. As for your professional, scientific and engineering software, such as Matlab, Mathematica, MAPLE, HSPICE, DESIGN COMPILER, ... and other physical, chemical, biological ... must have Linux and UNIX version. Of course, they are not free, don't always feel free, free is not equal to free. They are a hard-working product, which is a reliable procedure, and they have a value.
Some Linux programs I have often used are listed below. There may be a lot in a list, that is to make you choose, I list more trusted. But in fact, there are many only one is that I am really use, I don't like the trial program. I am not a qualified network administrator, and my server only sets my own features, so you can save me a lot of trouble Tongue.
Shell: bash. It combines the advantages of CSH and KSH, and has a Readline function, you can bind your keyboard at will. Editor: Vim, Emacs. Program development: GCC, Make, LD, Scheme48, J2SDK, Perl, Python, TCL / TK ... Papers, Slideshow Tools: LaTex, Context
Drawing Tools: MetaPost. This language is too strong, so I only use it. If you are not familiar, you can use Xfig, Dia to draw pictures and other pictures.
Image processing: imagemagick. The Import program can screen graphs, and the Convert program can convert the image format. Display can display pictures and simple editing (zoom, changing quality, transfer format, simple drawing, simplified). Usually I need this. If you want more powerful image tools, you can use GIMP, it's almost almost similar to Photoshop.
Automatic management tool: make. I can use Make to block compiler, automatic compilation document, automatically update illustrations ... Fully automatic, and will not repeat labor. Numerical calculation procedure: scilab. This program can basically replace MATLAB.
Algebra Calculation Program: Maxima. This program is based on one of the oldest computer algebra systems in the world: MIT MACSYMA system issued by the US Department of Energy (DOE). It is implemented with Common Lisp. Many current symbol computing programs such as MAPLE learn a lot from Maxima. It is now approved by DOE to be released in GPL, which is always a free software.
Encrypted program: gnupg. My PGP key is it. Pack, compress the program. Everything is: tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar, ...
Virtual optical drive program. Linux does not require a virtual CD-ROM program, directly mount.
FTP server: Proftpd, VSFTPD. Proftpd is very strong, but I only use the simplest setting.
WWW server: apache. (I usually not open)
FTP client: LFTP, NCFTP. They are all working, but they are more convenient than the graphical interface. For example, LFTP almost all of the convenient features of Bash, Tab complements, Bookmark, Queue, background download, mirror ... Linux also has a graphical interface FTP client, but most of the unstable, there are many problems. This is a small reason for many people complaining that Linux is not as good as Windows. There are still many people to simulate Windows LeAPFTP in Wine, in fact, LFTP is much better than LeaPFTP, and you need it. Automatic download tool: wget. It is very stable, once I downloaded a program, using the files downloaded with IE and Mozilla to download back, and finally WGET reliably transmits data. With it, it can even mirror the entire website, compared to Webzip's Windows program, and will not insert an advertisement in the downloaded webpage because you don't pay.
Virtual Terminal: RXVT, XTERM, GNOME-TERMINAL, MLTERM, ...
X Server: Xfree86
Window Manager: FVWM. Compiled with libstroke.
Chinese input: XSIM. I have modified to adapt to FVWM needs. In addition, you can also use SCIM. Email handling: MUTT Postfix Fetchmail
Look at PDF, PS, DJVU file: Acrobat Reader, XPDF, GHOSTScript, GV, DJVU Toolkit, and Netscape plugins. See the CAJ documentation. I never look at the documentation such as CAJ. If PDF or PS is found, I will go directly to the library. See page: Mozilla, Phoenix, Lynx. The display effect of Mozilla-XFT is much better than IE. English-Chinese Dictionary: IBM Smart Dictionary, Star Intercity King.
Edit the web: I write HTML directly with Vim. If you want a graphical way, you can use other screem, bluefish.
Log in to other UNIX, Linux machines: OpenSSH, Telnet. I like to use OpenSSH to transfer other machine X programs through the SSH encrypted tunnel to my machine. DISPLAY service: rdesktop, logged in to Windows2000 Server, ... I have tried it a day, not bad. I have never used it later. Synchronization program: rsync. I use RSYNC to synchronize data with some machines through SSH, or make synchronization between different directories on their own machines.
BBS: RXVT (or any terminal) Telnet Chatbot (Helloooo robot program)
QQ, ICQ: I don't have QQ or ICQ. However, you can use Gaim, it supports QQ, ICQ, and many other instant communication methods. ICQ users can also use LICQ. Live: MPlayer, RealPlayer. MPlayer is too good, you can put VCD, DVD, Divx, WMA, WMV ... I am envious of me with Windows, saying that Windows is going to put this need for a big pile. RM is best to put it with RealPlayer, it is also free.
Music: XMMS (MP3, OGG), MPG321 (placed MP3), OGG123 (placed OGG). MPG321 is not as convenient to the XMMS management music file, but sometimes I still use MPG321 to put MP3 as a background music, because it is too lazy to open an XMMS window Smile.
Game: I think KSokoban (push box) of KDE, very fun to see the Word document. Please call all the documents to PDF or PS and give it to me. If there is no special format in the document, you will use the text. Why is it so troublesome. It used to be strange that there is no special format in the notice actually sending the DOC attachment to Email. Now, we have used a notice to use text, PDF, and even picture Tongue.
Other procedures: There are still many I need to use and you don't necessarily use it. For example, Doctor Scheme, Scheme48, SCSH, Kawa ... These programs have only Doctor scheme has a Windows version. There are still many behind-the-scenes work but you generally don't notice: xinetd, telnetd, sshd, crones, ATD, LPD, ... They are much more powerful than Windows, or there is no corresponding person at all. Part of the author's opinion, other ...
