The internal issuance of the Lenovo Repair Station from the internal issuance of the Lenovo maintenance station First Part 1 General, the basic principles and methods of computer maintenance, the second chapter, computer maintenance steps and maintenance operations, second part, common fault judgment first chapter plus power Class Chapter Chapter 2 Startup and Close Fault Chapter 3 Disk Class Fault Chapter 4 Show Class Failure Chapter 5 Installation Fault Chapter VI Operation and Application Failure Chapter 7 Local Area Network Fault Chapter 8 Internet Category Ninth Chapter Port and Peripheral Fault Chapter 10 Voice Video Category Chapter 11 Compatible Fault Part III Appendix Hard Drive Basic Knowledge Saving Hard Drive Hard Disk Locked Dissive Windows Blue Board Machine Screen Interpretation Practical Port Daquan ( Chinese version) The second chapter starts and closes faults 1. Define the faults related to the startup, shutdown process. Starting means that the problem occurred from the process of self-test to the process of entering the operating system application interface; the shutdown system refers to all processes between the power disconnection from the click to turn off the button. Second, possible fault phenomena 1, crash, error, black screen, repeated restart, etc. during startup, etc. 2, the startup process is reported to a file error; 3. During the startup process, there should always be some operations (such as always Disk scan, start an abnormal application, etc.); 4, can only start with security mode or command line mode; 5, failure, error, or crash when logging in; 6, crash or error when the operating system is turned off. Third, the possibly involved Ning BIOS settings, start files, device drivers, operating system / application configuration files; power, disk, and disk drives, motherboards, signal lines, CPUs, memory, and possible other boards. Fourth, judgment points / order 1, preparation before repair 1) Disk data line; 2) Welfare; 3) Reproduction software. 2, environmental inspection 1) surrounding and appearance check: a. Whether the city's electrical connection is sloppy, should not have a phenomenon of transparency or inserted; b. Host hard disk indicator is shining correctly, should not be bright or Chang-liang phenomenon; C. Whether the system is odor, whether the temperature of the component is high; d. Whether the speed of the CPU fan is not enough, or if it is too slow or unstable; e. Whether there is an abnormal sound when listening to the driver. 2) Drive connection check: a. Whether the power connection of the drive is correct and hurt. Whether the power supply connection socket on the drive is a false phenomenon; b. The jumper setting on the drive is connected to the position of the drive on the cable; c. Drive data cable is connected or missed, the specifications are technologies with the drive Specifications (such as supporting DMA66 drives, 80-core data cable); d. Drive data cable has faults (such as exposed core, dead or hard mark, etc.), in addition to observation, It can be checked by replacing a data cable; e. The drive is connected to the system via other boards, or by other boards (such as hard disk protection cards, dual network isolation cards, etc.). 3) Check the installation of other picking: a. Check the fault to disappear by re-inserting the Ning (including CPU, memory) (before re-plugging, you should do dust removal and clean gold finger, including slot) . If it is always resolved by re-inserting, it should be checked when the picking is installed, is it too loose, whether the size of the rear file is not suitable, the socket is too tight, inserted inserted or extruded; b. Check the CPU fan and CPU Whether it is good. It is best to install it once. 4) Observation of the content displayed: Pay attention to the contents of the screen error, the location of the dead, to determine where the fault may occur. 3, the fault judgment points 1) Follow the user to learn from the user, and the operation of the process and the user cannot be started; 2) BIOS settings check: a. Whether to replace different models.
If the motherboard BIOS supports the booteasy function or the BIOS security switch is turned on, it is recommended to turn it off. After the complete start is complete, turn it back; b. Do you add a new hardware. At this time, you should first remove the added hardware, see if the fault disappears, if you check if the added hardware is faulty, or if the settings in the system are correct (check the use manual inspection of the new hardware); c. Check the settings in the BIOS. Such as: start order, start the device parameters of the disk, etc. It is recommended to recover CMOS; d. Check if the BIOS problem (including settings and functions) causing the operating system to start or close, renovate the BIOS.vxd (or vpbiosd.vxd) of the Windows directory named BIOS. Old, then restart, or off, if the fault disappears, then resolved by modifying the BIOS device or updating the BIOS, otherwise it is independent of the BIOS. Note After the test is complete, you must change it back to the original name (Note: In addition to Windows 98, other operating systems have no files); E. In some special cases, it should be hurt to upgrade BIOS to check. Such as: For the first start-up startup, some applications or devices cannot work, in addition to the problem of checking the device itself, you can be injured to update the BIOS to resolve. The following checks should be performed under the software minimum system. 3) Disk logic check: a. According to the error prompt during the startup process, check whether the partition on the disk is correct, whether the partition is activated, is formatted; b. Directly check if the hard disk is partitioned, format; c. Add one Other fail-free drives (such as floppy drives or optical drives) check if they can start from other drives (if you use a floppy drive, it is best to use Seagate's detection floppy disk.). If you can, in the step 3), 4), otherwise the 5th step check; then, whether the partition is activated, there is no damage, etc., whether the start-up partition on the hard disk is activated, whether it is The boot file or command used during startup; E. Check if the startup partition on the hard drive can be accessed, if you cannot, check if the hard disk is faulty with the corresponding manufacturer's disk detection. There is a fault, replace the hard disk; if there is no fault, by initializing the hard disk to detect, if the fault still exists, replace the hard disk; f. When using other drives, the hard drive can be removed, see if it can be started, if It is still not possible to check the Ning Ning in the software minimum system, including the public picking of the hard disk drive and disk transfer - disk interface, power, memory, etc. If it is activated, it is best to initialize the hard disk. If the fault does not disappear, then replace the hard disk; g. If you want to initialize the hard disk, the user has useful data, it is recommended that the user finds a data repair company to resolve. 4) Operating system configuration check: a. For prompts that appear file errors, the file should be repaired in accordance with the corresponding software debugging method mentioned in the first part; b. Suggestions in the case that "Select last time" in the case that cannot be started. Or use scanreg.exe to restore registry to the registry to the previous backup of the registry to check if the fault can be eliminated; c. Check that there is a third-party program in the system running, or improper settings or device drivers in the system caused abnormal startup.
In addition to the autoexec.bat and config.sys files, you should block these two files, check whether the startup fault disappears; d. Check the boot settings, the items in the launch group, the key value in the registry, whether to load it. Unnecessary procedures; e. Check if there is a virus. In one system, only one antivirus software can only be installed; f. If necessary, through a one-button recovery, recovery installation, etc., check the fault of the startup; g. When it is displayed in the startup (such as black screen, flower screen, etc. , Should be checked according to the judgment method of the display fault, but should first pay attention to whether the driver of the display device is normal, the display setting is correct, it is best to change the display to the standard VGA method check. 5) Hardware hit Ning Check: a. If the started drive is connected by additional control cards, connect the drive directly in the default drive interface (on the motherboard); b. When the minimum system is started under software Afterwards, you should gradually return to the original configuration state, and the positioning caused to cause normal startup; c. Pay attention to check the power supply capacity, that is, whether the output voltage is within the allowable range (see) "Maintenance Tool User Manual"); D. The driver's inspection, the judgment method of the victims of the disabled disk class is carried out; E. Sad heart in hardware, should be injured from memory: Use the memory detection program to determine if the memory part is faulty The location of the memory installation should be installed from the first memory slot. For the installed multiple memory check, the memory specifications are consistent, compatible. See Appendix Second to the relevant part of Appendix Second to the memory specifications. 6) For phenomena that cannot be properly shutdown, check from the following aspects: a. View the bootlog.txt file in the command prompt (in the root directory). This file is a boot registration file. It records the record of failure when the system works. Saves a record of the system working properly, compares the problem after the problem, finds the problematic driver, in Win.ini System In .ini to find the option corresponding to the driver, or find the associated corresponding key value, change or upgrade the driver in the registry, it is possible to solve the problem; b. Upgrade BIOS to the latest version, pay attention to CMOS settings (Special Is APM, USB, IRQ, etc.); c. Check if there are some system file corruption or not installed (see Appendix Second (3) related content) d. Problem caused by applications, turn off the application in the startup group, Check if the sound program is damaged when the shutdown is damaged; e. Check if there is a device that cannot be properly shut down, such as a network card, sound card, can be checked by updating the driver or replacement hardware; f. Check the patch or upgrade operating system; g. For shutdown issues for Windows 98SE systems, see Appendix Second (3). One of them has attracted the discussion of other Windows systems. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (2). Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: The client computer has installed the Win 2000 Professional operating system, and the blue screen is started at a time, and the Memory Error is reported. Solution: Arrive at the client, faulty, to understand the situation, and the customer has installed a memory bar before the failure is installed, and this type of failure has occurred. After shutting down, unplug the memory strip, turn it back, still blue screen, but no more reported Memory Error.
Injury, Win 2000 is high for hardware, and the fault is a fault that appears after the memory is installed, which can basically determine the original hardware and software system of the machine. Restart the computer again, press the F8 key when booting, select Enter "VGA mode", which can start normally and log in. After running a normal login, restart to standard mode, the computer starts normally, to this, the troubleshooting. Case 2: Problem Description: The client machine is run a malicious program, causing a dialog that will appear after each startup, and the dialog cannot be turned off, only forced end, the client machine has important programs, and does not want to reinstall the operating system. Solution: First, if you suspect it is a virus, you can't kill if you use common anti-virus software. Enter "Msconfig" in "Start" - "Run", but the program cannot be found in the "Start" group. Run "scanreg" and restore the registry to the oldest version of the fault. Finally, manually edit the registry, run "regedit", "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE / SOFTWARE / Microsoft / Windows / CurrentVersion / RUN, find the corresponding program file name, remove the corresponding key value, restart, troubleshoot. (Note: It is recommended that the "Export" function of the registry editor will be registry backup before the registry editor.) Chapter 2 Computer Maintenance Steps and Maintenance Operation Notes §2.1 Computer Maintenance Steps to repair the computer, follow these steps: Understand the situation, before the service, communicate with the user, understand the situation before and after the fault occurs, and perform preliminary judgment. If it is possible to understand that the fault is as detailed before and after the occurrence of the fault, the accuracy of the on-site maintenance efficiency and judgment will be improved. Understanding the user's failure and technical standards have conflicts. To understand the situation to the user, you should use the analytical judgment method in the second part to communicate with the user. This not only initially judges the fault location, but also helps to prepare the corresponding maintenance spare parts. Second, if the recurring fault is fully communicated with the user, it is confirmed that: 1. Whether the user repairs the fault phenomenon is existing, and the preliminary judgment of the seen phenomenon is determined; 2. Have other faults 3. III. Judgment, repair is judged, positioning, positioning, finding the cause of the fault, and the process of repairing the repair. In the process of judging the maintenance, the following section "Maintenance judgment" should be followed The principles, methods, precautions, and second, and three parts are operated. IV: Test 1. After repair, the test must be checked, confirm the fault phenomenon of the recovered or discovery, and the user's computer does not exist Other visible faults. Normal standards of computer machine, see "Lenovo Desktop Computer Test Specification"; 2. The whole machine must be performed according to the content listed in "XX Maintenance Inspection Confirmation", and eliminate the user without discovery The fault and timely excludes. §2.2 Computer maintenance operation In the maintenance process, the following terms should cause practical attention and attention. First, in the process of recurring, the repair judgment, the fault range should be avoided; Second, when repairing, check, check the packing order and configuration; three, you must communicate with the user. Understand the user's operation process, the operation of the failure, the user uses the level of the computer, etc. Four, maintenance The first thing to pay attention is to observe - observation, observation, then observe!!! 1. surrounding environment: power environment, other high-power appliances, electricity, magnetic field conditions, machinery layout, network hardware environment, temperature and humidity, environment The degree of cleanliness; whether it is stable in placing the computer's countertops.
Whether the peripheral equipment is deformed, discolored, odor, etc .; 2. Hardware environment: cleanliness, temperature and humidity in the chassis, the jump line settings, color, shape, smell, etc. Whether the connection is correct; there is no error or miscondack, the short-needle / break, etc.; the user is installed with other devices that can be connected to the machine, etc., other hardware facilities that may be related to the machine; 3. Software environment: a. System What software is loaded, they have other soft and hardware have conflicts or mismatched places; b. In addition to standard software and settings, to observe the drivers of equipment, motherboards and systems, whether the patch is installed, and whether it is appropriate; Whether the fault to be processed is a recognized bug or compatibility problem in the industry; other applications and configurations of users are appropriate; 4. Observation during the power-on process: the temperature, odor, odor, smoke, etc .; if the system time is correct 4. Observing the time of disassembly and packing: There must be a good habit of recording the original installation status of Ning, and we must seriously observe the shape, color, original installation status of the Ning Ningyuan device; 6. Observe The user's operational process and habits, and whether it meets the requirements. 5. Before the repair, if dust is more dust, or suspect is caused by dust, it should first remove the dust. For its unfamiliar applications or equipment, it should be handled after carefully read the user's manual or other related documents. Seven, usually pay more attention to the technical information and other engineers from the "Technology Expansion", "Technical Engineering Information Notification" to accumulate their experience and improve the level of maintenance. Eight, the maintenance engineer is prohibited to install the floor for the user. If the user wants to install the ground, please contact the official electrician to install it. Nine, if you want to make a fault judgment through a comparative method, the user's consent should be obtained first. X. In the process of carrying out the repair judgment, if it is possible to affect the data stored in the user, it is necessary to do a good job, or protect measures, and obtain the user's consent to continue. Eleven, when a large number of similar faults (not only possible to determine if a batch failure), be sure to take the surrounding environment, connected equipment, and other mining or equipment related to the fault picking Ning. Check and record to identify the root cause of the fault. Twelve, the treatment of random faults. Randomness fault refers to: randomized crash, random error error, randomness, unstable phenomena. The processing idea for such faults should be: 1. Care hardware, especially when the on-site service. Be sure to make hardware replacement on a certain analysis after sufficient software debugging and observation. If you are not sure, it is best to perform hardware replacement operations in the maintenance station. 2. Software adjustment is mainly. The adjustment content is: 1) Set BIOS to factory status (note BIOS switch position) 2) Killing virus 3) Adjusting power management 4) Adjusting system Run Environment 5) If necessary, do disk finishing, including disk fragmentation, useless files Clean up and media inspection (note, should be carried out in the case of checking the normal space of the disk partition and the space for the partition). 6) Confirm that there is no user self-installed hardware, if any, confirm its performance / compatibility. 7) Comparison with a failed machine comparison. One way of this comparison is that inserting the tap nemay (including software) in the faulty machine in the same way as the faulty machine, see the change of the invoice, when inserted into a After Ning, there was no problem with the faulty machine, and it can be sentenced to Ning's fault. Note that the contrast of this approach should be thoroughly made to prevent leakage may have two kinds of homing to cause the same fault. 13. Efforts should be struggled to learn related technical knowledge, master the installation, use of the operating system, the use of the configuration tool, etc .; understand the meaning of each configuration parameter and the applicable range.
14. Requesting the content of the need to pay attention to the contents of the need 1. Hardware and configuration information (as far as possible) 2. Software and configuration information (as far as possible) 3. Surrounding Environment 4. Complete failure phenomenon description. That is, the failure of the user's first repairs, the changes in the fault phenomenon after repair operation. (Clear Description) 5. The maintenance operations have been done (detailed) § 2.3 The basic idea of computer maintenance is to help maintenance engineers, to find the relevant content in the second part, and list the basic judgment ideas here, for injury use. The second part common fault judges this section Classify the computer from the power to the fault during the shutdown. The judgment of each class is the organic component of the "Maintenance Judgment" section in the first part, that is, whether or not, the two parts are always used in combination with each other. The fault phenomenon listed in the following troubleshoots is only part of many fault phenomena, and some can be classified in it, and some cannot be classified. Therefore, this manual provides the method and ideas of the corresponding judgment only for the fault phenomenon listed and categorous therefrom, and provides basic exclusion methods. For other faults that cannot be classified, we will continue to collect, organize summarize in the future work, and then enhance this "desktop computer maintenance instruction manual". The first chapter plus the failure 1. Definition examples from power-on (or reset) to self-test completion of the fault in this process. Second, possible failure phenomena 1, the host cannot power up (eg power fan does not turn or turn it down, etc.), sometimes you can not power up, boot down the gate, chassis metal partial charge, etc. 2, boot no display, boot alarm 3. Self-test error or crash, the configuration displayed in the self-test is not inquired; 4, repeated restart; 5, can not enter the BIOS, refresh the BIOS to crash or report the error; CMOS power down, clock is not allowed; 6, Other faults such as machine noise, automatic (timing), power equipment issues, etc. Third, you may involve the Ning City power environment; power supply, motherboard, CPU, memory, display card, other possible board; setting in the BIOS (can be replied to the factory state by discharging); switches and switching lines, reset The failure of the button and the reset line itself. Fourth, judge the point / order. The following text narrative part is a supplementation and description of the maintenance judgment process, and it is necessary to read the flowchart. In addition, this chapter only analyzes the failure of the power-on, and can be transferred to the corresponding fault to the judgment process. The following are the same. 1. Preparation before repair 1) POST card; 2) Multimeter; 3) PTW; 4) CPU load. 2, environmental inspection 1) Check the computer equipment: a. Whether there is deformed, discolored, odor inside and outside the peripheral and computer equipment; B. The temperature, humidity of the environment; c. After powering, pay attention to Ning, components and Whether other devices are deformed, discolored, odor, and temperature abnormalities occur. 2) Check the city's electricity: a. Check if the market is in the range of 220V ± 10%, whether it is stable (ie, there is often a constant power outage, instantaneous power outage, etc.); b. Wiring the main wiring definition is correct (ie, left Zero right fire, is not allowed to use the zero wires (phenomena is shorter), and the zero line should not have a dirty or false phenomenon); c. Whether the power line is connected to the electric leakage protector (and must be grounded On the same side, whether there is a ground wire, etc., whether the host power cord is struggling in a mainstay, should not have a phenomenon that is too loose or inserted, and whether the other end is hurt in the main unit power supply. There should be no need to be too loose or inserted.
3) Check the internal connection of the computer: a. The power switch can be turned off, the sound is clear, free, contact poor phenomenon; b. Other buttons, switch is normal; c. Whether to connect to the external signal line Phenomenon of open circuit, short circuit, etc. D. Host power is correctly connected in each major hunger, especially the main board; E. Board, especially on the motherboard. The jump line settings are correct. 4) Check the mining installation: a. Check whether there is foreign matter in the chassis to cause short circuits; b. Or zero hunting Ning installation causes short circuit (such as a short circuit caused by the bracket installation of the P4CPU fan on the back of the motherboard); c. Check whether the fault disappears by re-inserting the Ning Ning (including CPU, memory), check whether the fault disappears (before re-plugging, you should do dust removal and clean gold finger, including slots). If you always be solved by re-plugging, you should check if you are installing, whether it is too loose, whether the size of the rear file is not appropriate, the socket is too tight, inserted inserted or extruded; d. Check the memory installation, The installation of memory is always installed from the first slot start order. If this is not the case, please reappear. 5) Check the phenomenon of power-on: a. When pressing the power switch or reset button, observe whether the indicator is normal, the operation of the fan (power supply and CPU, etc.), should not do not move or Just actions to stop the phenomenon; c. Pay attention to whether the motor, the motor, the driver, etc. have normal operation sound or the sound is too large; d. Host can power, but no display, should listen to the host normal self-test ( That is, there is a self-test, and the hard disk light can be flashed.) If there is, check the display system if there is a fault, otherwise check the host problem; e. For the problem of boot noise, you should distinguish the part of the noise, general In the case, the noise of the smashing is Ning Ning, hard disk, optical drive, and soft drive machinery. For the fan, it should be checked by dust removal. If noise is reduced, some clock oil can be dripped at the fan axis to enhance lubrication. 3. Troubleshooting points 1) Check the host power: a. Host power supply When the load is not connected, the green line and the black line in the plug of the motherboard are directly short, see if it can be powered, and use the multimeter to check if there is a voltage output B. Check the output value of the output of the output in the range permitted by the unit; c. In the case of the load, use the multimeter to check whether the fluctuation range of the output power supply is exceeded in the allowable range; d. For power supply Electric, only the case where the operation is stopped, first determined whether the power supply is empty or whether it can work properly on other machines (ie check the three points mentioned above); E. If the power supply is not directly from the city However, by the regulator device, pay attention to whether the regulator device used by the user is intact, or whether it is compatible with the power of our products. 2) When the power is turned on, use the Post card to check whether the minimum system in the hardware minimum system is normal a. View whether the code displayed by POST is normal (see the code definition in the "Maintenance Tool User Manual); b. The code displayed by the POST card should be checked with all the hunarings associated with it.
If the code is related to the memory, the motherboard and memory should be checked; c. Listening to the minimum system of hardware, there is no alarm sound, if there is no inspection, the key should be hung in the minimum system; d. Check It should be noted that when the hardware minimal system has alarm sound, it is required to insert a failed memory and display card (except for integrated display card). If there is no alarm sound, there is a sound that is displayed or self-test, the minimum hardware is proved. The hunger in the system is basically no fault. Otherwise, the motherboard should be mainly checked; e. When preparing to replace the CPU, the CPU load should be used, check whether the power supply voltage of the motherboard is within the allowable range, in the case of normal voltage CPU replacement operation can be performed. If the range is exceeded, replace the motherboard directly. The CPU voltage allows the "Maintenance Tool User Manual"; 3) Take the Ning's Check: a. If the minimum system in the hardware smaller system is normal, after the POST card checks, other boards and equipment should be gradually added to check Which of are the neutralization or equipment of the equipment; b. For the neckout of the power-down fault, it should be checked whether the rear file size of the picking is not appropriate, this can pass the back gear Board check. 4) BIOS settings check: a. Check the fault by clearing CMOS disappears; b. Setting in the BIOS does not match the actual configuration (such as disk parameters, memory type, CPU parameters, display type, temperature setting, etc.); c Update the BIOS to check if the BIOS is disappeared as needed. 5) Other inspections: a. In the environment where the leakage protector is connected, it must first check that the wiring on the main electrical socket is correct (ie, press the left zero right fire, the upper floor connection method; zero line is not short Connect; the neckline cannot be suspended), then check if the leakage protector is correctly connected to the fire line, whether the capacity is too small, and then check the number of equipment connected to the wire line in the road (quantity of the computer - in leakage protection When the operating current of the unit is 30mA, you should pick up 16 ~ 20 computers), and finally check the phenomenon without leakage or leakage current in the whole machine; b. Checking there in the user environment. In a non-grounded environment, touch the metal part of the host will have a homework. At this time, if the machine can operate normally, the machine will disappear, it will be normal, not a fault; c. For the case of not entering BIOS, or not refreshing the BIOS, you can first stricken the motherboard failure; d. For the case of repeated restart or shutdown, in addition to pay attention to the environment of the mains (such as plugging, etc.), pay attention to whether the power supply or motherboard is faulty; e. Whether the third-party switch control software is loaded in the system, there should be Uninstall. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (1). 6. Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: The machine of the Gemini 6C / 766, the motherboard is the elite P6Sep-me V2.2D, when the memory is not inserted in DIMM1, the power is not displayed, but the machine does not alarm. Solution: Tested, when DIMM1 is not inserted, even if DIMM2, DIMM3 plug in memory, it is nothing out. When DIMM1 is plugged in, whether it is inserted on DIMM2 and DIMM3, it is open.
Inquiring early weekly reports, this problem is because the memory of this model integrated graphics card is shared physical memory, and the physical memory required by the memory is to obtain from inserted on DIMM1. When DIMM1 is not interrupted At the time, the integrated graphics card cannot be displayed from physical memory, so the user does not show up. Case 2: Problem Description: When the computer is turned on, the system will always stop running in the place where 512k cache is displayed. Solution: Since it is a problem that it is or after the display cache is now a problem. Remember usually boot, this item is turned to the hard disk to start the operating system. Therefore, it is not a problem that is not a cache, that is, the fault of the hard disk. Remove the hard drive to other computers, confirm that the hard disk is good. This is the most commonly used method for checking computer failures - replacement rule. Now we focus on the cache, enter the CMOS settings, prohibit L2 Cache, the storage exit, restart the machine, the computer can work normally, which can be determined to be the problem with L2 cache. Touch the cache chip on the motherboard and find that some chips are very hot, and it is estimated that there is a problem. It is right again to confirm the problem. Touch bypass: If the machine is found to be dead, after a while, use the hand touch the cache chip on the motherboard, find the hotter, you can close the secondary cache in the CMOS, discover if it is dead, and finally defined the fault. Case 3: Problem Description: Users use T Kazhi 2600 P4 1.6G 12840DSF (special 5409) computer, boot no display, how can users solve now? Solution: Check the user's environment, found that the user machine comes with two graphics cards - the motherboard integrates a graphics card, there is another separate TNT2 M64 32M graphics card, some customers are not familiar with the computer when they have just purchased the computer, The line received the graphics junction of the motherboard integrated, which will cause the boot to be no obvious, but the host works fine at this time. If you encounter the user repair and startup or monitor failure, please prompt the customer to check the environment. If it is incorrect, the prompt is corrected, the problem can be resolved. The first part --- General, the basic principles and methods of computer maintenance, the principles, methods, etc., the method, etc., the method, etc., the basis of the second partial classification, need to be carefully followed §1.1 Basic principles should follow computer maintenance: First, the maintenance judgment must start from the simplest thing, on the one hand, the other hand refers to a simple environment. Simple things are observations, including: 1. Environment around computer - location, power supply, connection, other equipment, temperature and humidity, etc .; 2, the phenomenon of computers, the content, and them are normal Similarities and differences; 3, the environment in the computer - dust, connection, device color, taking the shape of the Ning Ning, the status of the indicator, etc. 4, the computer's hardware and software configuration - how hardware, resources The situation; uses to make the operating system, which is installed on the other application software; the hardware setting driver version, etc. The simple environment includes: 1, the minimum system will be mentioned later; 2. In the judging environment, only basic operation of the Ning / Software, and the doubtful tap Ning / software; 3, in one In a clean system, add the user's application (hardware, software) to analyze the analysis and judgment from simple things, conducive to the concentration of energy, which is conducive to the determination and positioning of the fault. Be sure to note that judgment and repair must be performed by serious observation.
Second, according to the observed phenomenon, "I want to do it first" first, I want to do it first, including the following aspects: First, I want to do it, where to start, and actually do it. It can also be said that it is first analyzed, and then repairs. Second, for the observed phenomenon, please check the relevant information as much as possible, see if there is a corresponding technical requirements, use characteristics, etc., then combine the content you want to talk about according to the information you want, and then repair it. Finally, in the process of analyzing judgment, according to their existing knowledge, experience is judged, I don't know if I don't know or don't understand it, I must first consult an experienced colleague or your technical support engineer. Seeking help. Third, in most computer maintenance judgments, "must be" soft after: "From the process of judge throughout the maintenance, always judge whether it is a software failure, first check the software problem, when the can be confirmed is normal, If the fault can't disappear, then start check from hardware. IV. During the maintenance process, it is necessary to distinguish between the "main contradiction", sometimes there is more than one fault, sometimes there is more than a fault. However, there are two or more fault phenomena (such as: no in the startup process, but the machine is also starting, after starting, there is a crazy phenomenon, etc.), when it should be judged first, maintenance is mainly Fault phenomenon, after repair, repairable secondary fault phenomenon, sometimes it is necessary to repair it. §1.2 Basic method of computer maintenance 1. Observing method, is the first method of maintenance judgment, it Express throughout the maintenance process. Observing is not only serious, but also comprehensively. The content to be observed includes: 1, surrounding the environment; 2, hardware environment. Including connector, seat and slot, etc. 3, software environment; 4, users The habit of operation, the process 2, the minimum system method, the minimum system method refers to the most basic hardware and software environment that makes the computer boot or runs from the perspective of maintenance judgment. Minimum system has two forms: hardware minimum system: by power, motherboard And the CPU. In this system, there is no connection to any signal line. Only the power supply to the motherboard is connected. During the judgment, it is determined whether this core component is working properly; software minimum system: by the power supply, Motherboard, CPU, memory, display card / display, keyboard, and hard disk. This minimum system is primarily used to determine if the system can complete normal startup and run. For software minimal environments, "Software" has the following points to explain: 1 The software environment in the hard disk retains the original software environment, just by analysis, isolation such as unloading, shielding, etc., retaining the original software environment, mainly used to analyze the problem of judging applications 2 The software environment in the hard disk, only one basic operating system environment (may be unloading all applications, or reinstalling a clean operating system), then load the needed application according to the needs of the analysis judgment. You need to use a clean The operating system environment is to determine the system problem, software conflict or soft and hardware conflict. 3. Under the software minimum system, you can add or change the appropriate hardware as needed. For example, when it is determined to start the fault, due to the hard disk Startup, want to check if you can start from other drives. At this time, you can add a floppy drive or simply use a floppy drive to check. Another example: In the judgment of audio and video failures, you should need to Add a sound card in the minimum system; when judging the network problem, you should add a network card in the software minimum system.
The minimum system method is mainly necessary to judge whether the system can work properly in the most basic soft and hardware environments. If you don't work properly, you can determine the most basic soft, hardware to make a failure, resulting in fault isolation. The minimum system method is combined with step-by-step adding method, which can be positioned rapidly in the failure of other board software, and improve repair efficiency. Third, gradually add / remove the step-by-step addition method, based on the minimum system, each time you only add a hunning / device or software to the system, check whether the fault phenomenon disappears or changes, with this to determine and locate the fault location . Gradually remove the method, just in contrast to the step-by-step operation. Gradually add / remove the method generally to fit the fault location more accurately to the replacement method. Fourth, the isolation method is a judgment method that will prevent hardware or software shielding of fault judgment. It can also be used to suspect a hardware that conflict with each other, separating the software to determine whether the fault changes. The hardware and hardware shield mentioned above is to stop its operation, or uninstall; for hardware, it is disabled, disabled, uninstalling it, or simply removes the hardware from the system. V. Alternative alternative method is to replace the Ning Ning that may have faults in replacement, to determine if the fault is disappearing. A good hunger can be the same model or may be different models. The order of replacement is generally: 1, according to the phenomenon of the fault or the fault category in the second portion, it is necessary to carry out the replacement of the Ning or the equipment that needs to be replaced; 2. Alternatively, according to the first simple and complex order. Such as: first memory, CPU, the main board, and if you want to judge the printed fault, you can take care of whether or not the print driver has problems, and then sadly the print cable has faults, and finally the printer or the parallel port is faulty; 3, First, I checked the connection line, signal line, etc. connected to the Ning Ning connected to the fault, followed by replacing the doubt of the trouble, and then replaced the power of electricity, and finally the other related to it. Yu Ning. 4, from the high failure rate of hunting, the most replacement is the first to replace the Ning Ning. Take a high failure rate, Ning, is replaced first. Sixth, comparative method comparison method is similar to the replacement method, that is, the comparison of the appearance, configuration, operational phenomena, etc., the use of good taking, configured, operational phenomena, etc., can also compare between two computers to determine The fault computer is different from the environment setting, hardware configuration, so that the fault is found. Seven, the lifting cooling method is in the process of the on-site service, the use and maintenance between the use and repair are different due to the limitations of the tool. The temperature rise method in the door-to-door service can be used in the case of the user, try to reduce the ventilation power of the computer, and the heat of the computer itself is warmed; the temperature is: 1) Generally select a low ambient temperature, such as a clear morning or The later time; 2) Realize the computer shutdown 12 to 24 hours; 3) Blow the faulty to speed up the cooling speed by the electric fan. Eight, the knocking method is typically used in suspected of being able to have a bad failure in the computer, through vibration, appropriate distortion, even or rubber hammering, the special mining, Ning, Ning Ning Now, it is judged a repair method of the fault picking. Nine, there are some computer failures for computer products, often due to more dust in the machine, asking us to pay attention to observing the disk, if there is more dust, if yes, if yes, It should be carried out first, and then subsequent judgment repairs. In the following aspects, the following aspects should be paid to: 1, pay attention to the cleaning of the airway 2, pay attention to the cleaning of the fan's cleaning fan, it is best to clear the dust, point a little bit Watch oil and enhance lubrication.
3, pay attention to the plug, seat, slot, board gold finger part of the clean gold finger, can use the eraser to wipe the gold finger portion, or wipe with alcohol cotton. The removal of the oxidation phenomenon on the metal pins of the plug, seat and slot: First, wipe with alcohol, one is to use a metal sheet (such as a small word ") to gently scrate on the metal pin. 4, pay attention to the cleaning cleaning of the large-scale integrated circuit, components and other pins, apply small brush or vacuum cleaner, etc., while observing the piping without domainless welding and moisture, the components are deformed, discolored Or leakage phenomenon. 5. Pay attention to the tool for cleaning the tool, first is anti-static. For example, a small brush for cleaning, a brush made of natural materials, disable plastic brushes. Second, when cleaning is cleaned using a metal tool, the power supply must be cut, and the metal tool is discharged. Tools for cleaning include: small brush, tiger, vacuum cleaner, rag, alcohol (not available to wipe the chassis, display, etc. Plastic shell). 6. For a more humid, you should find a way to dry it. Available tools such as electric fans, hair dryers, etc., can also be naturally air dried. Ten, several methods and recommendations of software debugging 1, operating system. The main adjustment content is the startup file of the operating system, system configuration parameters, component files, viruses, etc. Repair the operating system startup file. 1) For Windows 9x systems, you can use the SYS command to fix (to ensure the size of MSDOS.sys is 1KB), but requires that the partition parameters should be guaranteed before fixing. This can be implemented using software such as DiskMap; 2) For Windows 2000 / XP systems, there are two ways - fix the boot file, use the fixboot command; repair the main boot record, use the fixmbr command. Adjust the operating system profile. a. For Windows 9x systems, there are many tools, such as: msconfig commands, system file checkers, registry backups, and recovery commands (ScanReg.exe, which requires running in the DOS environment. If you want to use scanreg.exe recovery Table, it is best to use the second backup file in the listed recovery menu), etc .; b. For Windows 2000 systems, the available tools are relatively small compared to Windows 9x, but some debug commands can be used in Win98 some commands (If the msconfig command under Win98 can be used under Windows 2000); c. For Windows XP systems, the available tools are mainly msconfig commands; d. Adjust power management and related services, the commands you can use are, want to run "Enter gpedit.msc in the text box; e. Debugging all operating systems can be commissioned by control panel, device manager, computer manager (None Windows 9x system is not). Fixed fixes for component files (including .dll, .vxd, etc.). Reinstall by adding delete programs; b. By extracting installation from .cab file; c. Available system file inspector (sfc.exe command) to fix Wrong file; d. Copy over a good machine. Check the virus in the system. It is recommended to use the virus killing software in the command line mode and can directly access the like NTFS partitions. 2, device driver installation and configuration. The main adjustment device driver is matched with the device, whether the version is appropriate, and the corresponding device can respond properly under the action of the driver. a. It is best to automatically identify by operating system (except for special requirements, such as some special requirements, the sound card drive, the driver of non-plug and playing equipment, and the post-injury is forcibly installed.
This is conducive to judging the quality of the equipment; b. If there is a driving of the operating system, use it first, still not properly or cannot meet the application needs, use the driver of the device, C. Replace the device, first uninstall the driver Replace again. Uninstall driver, you can uninstall from the device manager; then uninstall from the security mode; then remove it in the INF directory; finally by registering; D. Update the driver, if there is a problem, you must uninstall and update first. 3, disk conditions. Check if the partition on the disk can be accessed, whether the medium is damaged, and the files saved on it are complete. Available adjustment tools: a. Diskmap, easy to find the correct partition; b. Fdisk and fdisk / mdr, check if the partition is correct and restore the main boot record to the original state; c. When the hard disk capacity is greater than 64GB, if you want Re-partition or view the partition, requiring the fdisk command in the snapshot partition floppy disk with a random disk partition. This command can be replaced by the fdisk command under Windows Me; D. Format, Scandisk, the disk detection program provided by the manufacturer, check if the disk media has a bad track; E. When the file is incomplete, it is required to change the incomplete file first. Rebuild in the method described in "operating system". 4, application software. If the application is compatible with the operating system or other application, use whether or not the configuration is compliant with the description manual, whether the application software is complete, etc.; 5, BIOS settings. 1) The optimal state should be restored before necessary. Suggestion: First restore the BIOS to the optimum state (usually the state of the factory), and then set to the appropriate value according to the needs of the application. 2) BIOS refresh does not have to refresh to the latest version, sometimes it should be injured to reduce the version. 6, rebuild the system. When the hardware configuration is correct, and get the user license, it is recommended to determine the software failure of the operating system by reconstructing the system. In the case of user disagree, it is recommended to use the own hard drive to perform the operation of the reconstruction system. In this case, it is best to rebuild the system, gradually recover to the state of the user's original hard disk to determine the fault point. 1) Reconstruction system, must be based on one-button recovery, followed by recovering installation, and finally is completely reinstalled. Restore installation methods: For Windows 9x systems, you can implement recovery installation directly from the CD, or perform Tools / SysRec / PcRestor.bat. When the recovery installation is recovered, it may affect the normal operation of the installation process due to the existence of Win.com. At this time, it can be reinstalled after the Win.com directory is removed. Another recovery installation is to change the system.1st of the root directory to System.dat overwrite the same name file in the Windows directory, and then restart. But this method is not true to reinstall, and is similar to completely reinstallation. For Windows XP or Windows2000 systems, use its installation disc to start, select the repair installation in the installation interface, two options will appear when R: First, quickly fix, use this option for simple problems; another is a fault repair station, The fault repair station can be enabled if you choose the correct installation directory. The fault repair terms are similar to the DOS interface. 2) To ensure the clean system, execute the fdisk / mbr command (you can also use clear.com) before installation. When necessary, execute the Format
3) Be sure to use a random version of or genuine operating system installation medium. Chapter 3 Disk Class Failure 1. Definition Example The disk class fault referred to herein indicates two aspects: one is the fault caused by hard disk, optical drive, floppy drive and its media; another is the impact on hard drive, optical drive, floppy drive The fault caused by Ning (such as motherboard, memory, etc.). Second, possible fault phenomenon 1, hard disk drive 1) Hard disk has abnormal sound, noise is large; 2) The hard disk cannot be correctly identified in the BIOS, the hard disk indicator is often bright or unlighted, the hard disk interferes with other drives, etc .; 3) It cannot be partitioned or formatted, the hard disk capacity is incorrect, the hard disk has a bad track, data loss, etc .; 4) logical drive letter is lost or changed, and the hard disk is wrong; 5) Hard disk data protection failure; 6) Third-party software Hard disk failure; 7) The fault caused by the hard disk protection card. 2, the floppy drive 1) The flopp drive indicator is not bright, the floppy drive is large; 2) Soft drive, the floppy disk cannot pop or insert; 3) The floppy disk cannot be formatted, the floppy drive is not read, the floppy drive interferes Automatic operation of the drive or device or application, etc .; 4) The file written in a flop drive cannot be read in another floppy drive; 5) The soft drive letter is lost or changed, and the floppy drive is incorrect; 6) The flopp drive is not in place. 3, optical drive 1) optical drive noise, optical drive, optical drive tray, can not pop up or close, optical drive reading capacity, etc.; 2) Light drive character is lost or changed, the system detects optical drive, etc .; 3) Access the optical drive At the time of crash or error, etc .; 4) CD media causing the optical drive to work properly. Third, you may involve the hunch hard drive, optical drive, floppy drive, and other settings, disk interfaces, power, and signal lines on the motherboard. Fourth, judgment points / order 1, preparation before repair 1) Disk data line; 2) The corresponding disk detection software; 3) Reproduction software, etc. 2, hard drive 1) Environment check A. Check hard disk connection: a) Whether the ID jumper on the hard disk is correct, it should match the location of the connection to the cable; whether the data cable connected to the hard disk is negative or reverse; c The hard disk cable has damage or hard tobacity. Can be replaced by replacing the connection line check; D) whether the hard disk cable type is consistent with the technical specifications of the hard disk; e) whether the hard disk power is connected properly, there should be a phenomenon that is too loose or inserted. b. Hard disk appearance check: a) Whether the components on the hard disk board have modifications, discoloration, and fracture defects; whether there is a duct welding or dewrapping phenomenon in the hard disk power outlet; c) After power-on, the hard disk Whether the indicator light is not bright or normally litigate; D) is normal to flash; D) After powering, listen to whether the running sound of the hard drive is normal, and there should be no abnormal sound and excessive noise. c. Power supply inspection of the hard disk: a) Whether the supply voltage is within the allowable range, the fluctuation range is within the allowable range. 2) Trouble judgment points a. It is recommended to check under the software minimum system and determine whether the fault disappears. Doing so can exclude the impact of other drives or homogeneous Ning to hard disk access. b. Parameter and setup check: a) Whether the hard disk can be properly identified, the identified hard disk parameter is correct; whether the transmission mode setting of the IDE channel is correct (preferably set to "automatic"); displayed hard disk capacity Whether it is actually consistent, formatted whether the capacity is consistent with the actual situation (note that the general nominal capacity is marked in units of 1000, and the formatted capacity in the BIOS is displayed in units of 1024, and there is 3 between the two % ~ 5% gap. Another formatted capacity will generally be less than the capacity displayed in the BIOS).
The hard disk capacity is much smaller than the actual capacity of the system, and if you have a large value, you should see the relevant instructions in the user manual; c) Check if the current motherboard technical specifications support the technology used Specifications, such as: Support for higher than 8GB hard drives, support for high transmission rates, etc .; c. Hard disk logic structure check: Participation in the Towards of Towards Trouble Judgment points. a) Check that the partition on the disk is normal, whether the partition is activated, whether it is formatted, whether the system file exists or complete; for hard drives that cannot be partitioned, formatted, the hard disk should be replaced with a virus. If the replacement is still invalid, check if the hardware in the software minimum system is faulty; c) Repair or initialize the operation if necessary, or completely reinstall the operating system; d. System Environment and Settings Check: Towards Judgment the relevant part in the point. a) Pay attention to whether there is a virus in the system, especially guided viruses (if you check KV3000 / K commands, or check with mem.exe commands); carefully check that there is a third-party disk management software in the operating system Whether the setting of the IDE channel is appropriate in the device manager; c) Whether an inappropriate service is turned on. It should be noted here that ATA drives may have an abnormality in some applications, it is recommended to view the abnormal phenomenon to disappear; e. Hard disk performance check: a) After powering, if the hard disk sound is abnormal, do not work at all If you do not work properly, you should check if the power supply has problems. Is there a fault, whether the BIOS settings are correct, and then injured if the hard disk itself is faulty; if the hard disk detection program provided by the corresponding hard disk manufacturer checks if there is Bad or other possible faults; f. For problems caused by the hard disk protection card, you should be sad from the following aspects: a) Install the hard disk protection card, you should pay attention to closing the virus warning in CMOS, and map the mapping address in CMOS Set to not use (disable), set the first startup device in the CMOS to a LAN; the optical drive and the hard disk should be connected to different IDE data lines. If you forget the administrator password of the hard drive protection card, for the version 1.0 version Alt 133, Alt 144, the number of 10 groups (must be used with a keypad), for version 3.0, enter Enpq at the administrator password, get A set of data, then dial 800, get a password; c) Machine with a hard drive protection card, boot, red screen, should be solved using a dedicated tool program. Please refer to the relevant "Technical Engineering Information Notification"; D) For the case of seeing some data trays under a guiding disk, check: whether these data discs are exclusive to the boot disk; partition type Whether it is identified as the operating system of the guide disk; on the hard disk greater than 8GB, whether the FAT16 partition belonging to the guide disk is established after 8GB (of course, the guide disk supports the FAT16 file system); the exclusive partition of the guide disk is more than 3 E) The hard disk protection card cannot afford protection. To check if the user turns the hard disk protection function, to enable the hard disk protection function, you can press F4 before entering the system (it should be installed), if not, Redraw out the hard disk protection card. Under Windows, it should be checked if its driver software is installed; f) After the hard disk protection is enabled, the original system on the hard disk is not retained, whether the user's original system is divided by third-party software.
At present, the hard disk protection card can only protect the FDISK of the operating system to partition the system; G) The hard disk protection mode is reduced each time, and if it is not properly shutdown, there will be a disk scan for multiple prompts, and should be in the administrator mode Under the msdos.sys file, add autoscan = 0 items; h) For the phenomenon of garbled, you need to run the setup.exe in the upgrade disk in administrator mode, floppy drive 1) Environmental check A. Flop drive in a certain situation, similar to the hard disk checking method. b. Check the connection: a) Connecting the cable installation is correct, there should be no phenomenon inserted or inserted; the location of the floppic drive connection should be configured with the value set in the BIOS; C) Whether the power connection of the floppy drive is correct. c. Soft drive appearance check A) Whether there is foreign matter in the floppy drive; the circuit board and its components have deformation, discoloration, odor, etc. d. Whether the quality of the floppy disk used is too poor; 2) Fault judgment points a. Soft drive check, you should add a floppy drive in the software minimum system, or check the hard disk. And when necessary, remove the outer inspection of the chassis; b. Check for hard drives. However, pay attention to whether the settings that can be read or written in the BIOS is allowed or prohibited; c. Check the read and write ability of the floppy drive, on the one hand, the inspection of the self-reading ability, on the other hand, the switch of the floppy disk The ability of the ability, that is, the floppy disk written in a failed flush can be read in another normal floppy drive. If you can't, replace the floppy drive; d. The floppy disk is the most susceptible to the virus. Therefore, it must pay attention to the test of the virus. 4, CD Drive 1) Environment Check A. Checking CD-ROM connections: a) Whether the ID jumper on the optical drive is correct, it should match the location of the connection to the cable; whether the data line connecting the optical drive is wrong or reverse; c ) The optical drive cable has damage or hard tobacity. Can be replaced by replacing the cable check; D) whether the optical drive connection line type is consistent with the technical specifications of the optical drive; E) whether the optical drive power supply is properly connected, and there should be a phenomenon that is too loose or inserted. b. CD-ROLDED inspection: Whether the components on the optical drive board have deformation, discoloration, and fracture defects; C) whether there is a duly welding or dewrapping phenomenon in the optical drive power outlet; d) After power-on, the optical drive Whether the inspection light is not bright or normally lit; if the indicator light is normal; E) After powering, it is necessary to listen to whether the running sound of the optical drive driver is normal, and there should be no abnormal sound and excessive noise. 2) Trouble judgment points a. CD-ROM inspection, application of the hard disk in the minimum system of the optical drive to check. And when necessary, remove the outer inspection of the chassis. When checking, start with a bootable disc to initially check the fault of the optical drive. If you don't read it properly, check it in the software minimum system. The most sad is the optical drive; B. Temples like hard drives; C. CD-ROM performance check: a) For the fault of the ability to read the disk, first sadly account the influence of the anti-virus software, then use a random disc for detection, such as Fault recovery, replacement repair, otherwise the corresponding processing according to the needs of the user and the fault you see; if necessary, by refreshing the fault phenomenon of the Formware that is not driven, if it is disappeared (eg, a CD disc is placed in the optical drive. When the system is started for the first time, the optical drive is not working properly, and it will be paid for this method); D. Configuration check in the operating system: a) Whether the application software under the operating system can support the current technology specifications of the current drive; Whether the settings in the manager are correct, the settings of the IDE channel are correct.
Unload the drive drive to restart if necessary to re-identify the operating system. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (3). 6. Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: Xiao Wang is a computer maintenance personnel of a company, office machine is Lenovo 2000 model, 13G hard disk, due to long-time computer system and data not maintained, system start and run It is relatively slow, copy important data on the C drive to the D disk, followed by Lenovo system recovery software, copy the Windows98SE system in the hidden partition to the C drive. If you restore 10 minutes, restart again, and enter the Windows98 system normally. However, after entering the system, it is found that the extension partition that is originally divided into PM is not seen in the expansion partition, how is it? Xiao Wang fell into a embarrassing situation ... Solution: First, look at Lenovo machine random data. The instructions write "may not support the partition format of PM, etc., please use fdisk ...", it may be destroyed when system recovery Original hard disk partition table, there is no way to solve it. I have to enter MSDOS or enter the PM. There is no other partition information with a primary partition and an extension partition. At this time, think of software Diskman, enter MSDOS, run diskman, first Warning said that the partition table is incorrect, although DISKMAN still recognizes the hard disk into two partitions, but it also has the function of re-detect the partition table. Re-detection the partition form has two ways of automatic and interaction, select the latter, Diskman starts detecting the originally existing partition table on the hard disk by pillar. After a long time, the original three partitions included Lenovo system recovery software hidden backup partitions were detected, maintain partition format, everything is normal. Comments: User Application Or in the user's partition, the power-on, the hard disk will result in an error in the hard disk partition table. Do not worry about this problem, to analyze the problem, check the relevant information, such as related software and computers Data, with related software or tools, if it is the working principle of the hard disk, the application of related software or tools is not very well understood, you must find relevant information or ask people. Note: Diskman hard disk partition table maintenance software, running in the MSDOS environment, using the full Chinese graphical interface, no need for any Chinese character system support. The detailed structure of the partition table is revealed in the form of the chart, supports the mouse operation, supports large hard drives such as 8G and Unix, NTFS, and the like. Case 2: Problem Description: One user Tianyi 2,5311 model, user reflects the FileCD tool in NTI CD-Maker Plus in the random software (BenQ CD-RW), the progress is very fast to 100 %, But there is no prompt formatted, and the forcibly shut down dialog cannot be turned off. Finally, I have to end the task. Record the hard drive with NTI CD-Maker Plus, the burn progress is displayed during the burning process, and prompts the burn, put the recorded disc in the optical drive, prompting the disc. Solution: First injury is the software problem of plug-in filecd in NTI cd-maker, upgrade NTI CD-Maker software to V5.08, V5.13, is not resolved, upgrade to v5.15, still watching filecd The version is the same as the version of the user's filecd, and the 2.0.10 subsequent version is not improved in the function of the erased disc. Injury, take the additional burning software, use Nero to test (version V5.5.9.0), and use the software to perform fast erasure, then burn the disc, still happen. But there is no such problem with Sony's CD-RW disc.
Comments: When erases the disc and the burning software and recorders have a lot of relationships, requiring engineers to get rid of problems from multiple angles when solving problems. Case 3: Problem Description: One user is overwhelmed, the user purchases the optical drive, according to the user, it is said that the optical drive does not have any problems, the optical drive does not have any problems, the optical disk and the VCD can be read normally, but return After the driver is installed home, boot into the system, and all discs placed in the optical drive are only displayed on the drive from the drive. The user returns to the purchase of the optical drive to the test machine, and the problem is recovered. Solution: After the inspection, the optical drive's data interface is bent, resulting in the data in the driver to not be identified normally. Chapter 6 Operation and Application Fault 1. Definition Example This type of failure is mainly referred to in the application and system failure of the shutdown before the startup is completed. Second, possible fault phenomenon 1, you can't wake up normally after sleep; 2. Blood screen, crash, illegal operation in the system operation; 3. System running speed; 4. Run an application, resulting in hardware function failure; 5 , The game is not working properly; 6, the application cannot be used normally. Third, it may be involved in the hunger, CPU, memory, power supply, disk, keyboard, plug-in board, etc., judge points / order 1, preparation before repair 1) Clean available hard drives; 2) anti-virus software; 3) As new drivers, several versions of the BIOS; 4) disks connected to the data lines, etc. 2, Environmental Inspection 1) Motel and Connection Check: a. Check if the mains are normal, whether it is sloppy; whether there is a ground; b. Whether the cable between the devices is wrong or missed. 2) Peripheral and appearance check: a. Check if other peripherals connected to the host is normal; b. Does the driver have abnormalities, whether the speed of the CPU fan is too slow or unstable; c. Observing the dust in the machine Many, causing indirect contact with each insert. First remove the dust fingers, remove the oxide or dust. Then re-insert; d. Whether the system is odor, whether the temperature rise of the component is too high or too fast. 3) Display and setup check: a. Detailed record error information, determine the location that may cause a fault; b. Note that the hardware information and the hardware information displayed when the CMOS is displayed, pay attention to the hardware information and machine configuration displayed during the self-test. Compilament; c. Read the software's guide carefully, pay attention to the environmental requirements of the software. 4) Fully communicate with users: a. Understand the user's usage; b. Phenomenon before the failure; c. What operations do have currently fault. According to the above understanding, it is initially judged to determine the cause of possible failure. 3. Troubleshooting points 1) Check if the user's misoperation causes a. When the machine has crash, blue screen or no reason, first stroke if the user's operation is in line with the operating specifications and requirements, to carefully ask, observe the user's operation method Whether it meets common sense, and is operated by the engineer with the right way, apply the user's machine to see if the user repairs the fault. If there is no, it can be considered to be improperly operated by the user, and the engineer explains and demonstrates the correct operation method. b. If the above operation fault still exists, the available system file inspector checks if the user's machine system has a lost DLL file, and try to recover. c. Note that the user's machine has no rules when crash, blue screen or no reason, and find out the cause of the machine failure (such as the machine starts to stand in a certain period of time). d. By comparing the same, the same flexible machine, see if the file size of the fault is the same or the difference is not large, and the version of the main program is consistent.
2) Check if the virus or antivirus procedure causes fault a. Check if the user's machine is infected, use anti-virus anti-virus; b. Check if the user has two or more anti-virus software, it is recommended that users use one of them And uninstall other anti-virus software; c. Check if there is a Trojan, use the latest version of the anti-virus program to detect Trojans. You can make up for security vulnerabilities in the program by installing patches, or install a firewall. 3) Check if the operating system problem causes a fault a. Check if the hard disk has enough remaining space and check if the temporary file is too much. Finishing hard disk space, deleting unwanted files; b. For system file corruption or loss, you can use the system file inspector to check and repair; c. Check if the operating system is installed (for Winnt can be started at startup Service pack version, recommended use of SP6; Win2K and WinXP can be viewed in the system properties, Win2K recommends using SP3, WinXP recommends using SP1.); d. Check if DirectX driver is normal, upgrade DirectX version; E. Check if it is correctly installed The driver of the device and the driven version are appropriate. Check that the order in which the drive is installed is correct (for example: first installing the motherboard driver). 4) Check if the software conflict is compatible, compatible with the failure a. Check if the runtime environment of the user application is compatible with the existing operating system (NT / 98 / 2K / XP), can pass the software manual or to the application software web page Find relevant information and view the upgrade programs or patches for this software on the web. b. Available Task Manager Watch whether the background of the faulty machine has an abnormal program running, and trying to close the program only to keep the most basic background program. c. Pay attention to see if there is a shared DLL file in the fault, solve the problem by changing the installation order or installation directory. 5) Check if the hardware setting is incorrect, first, check if the CMOS settings are correct, can restore the default value; b. Check if the hardware is normal, the interrupt has a conflict, such as conflict, adjust system resources (for a certain Some hardware, to read the instructions, follow the instructions to properly set the hardware); c. Remove the hardware drive in Device Manager, reinstall the driver (best to install the correct driver), check whether the hardware driver returns to normal; d. Running hardware detecting programs, such as AMI and other detection hardware failures; e. In software minimum system, re-update hardware drivers, and observe whether the fault disappears. 6) Check if it is compatible problem a. When compatibility issues, check the hardware specifications and standards (such as when using multiple memory, check whether the memory is the same manufacturer, the same specifications, the same capacity, memory particles together) Whether it is allowed to be used together. b. Read the instructions or to the web page to find relevant information, check the software requirements required for the user's hardware, and whether the software environment meets the requirements, whether the hardware and software supports each other. c. Check if the user's system resources have conflicts in the device manager, such as conflict, manually adjust the system source.
d. Check if the hardware of the user machine is installed correctly, updates the appropriate version of the device driver (such as some graphics cards with Win2000 or WinXP self-contained public version, can cause certain large 3D games that cannot be running) : Check the maintenance BOM, remove the hardware of Lenovo, check whether the system can work properly, if you can work, it is recommended that the user replaces the hardware or find hardware related information to solve it. 7) Check if a network fault causes a. When the machine is connected to the network, the crash, run slow, blue screen, etc., should first turn off the network, isolate the network environment, observe whether the fault disappears, if the fault disappears, Network problems cause malfunctions. b. Depending on the fault caused by the network problem, it is judged to resolve the network part of the network. 8) Check if the hardware performance is poor or damaged, using the corresponding hardware detection program, check if the hardware is faulty, if there is, use the replacement method to exclude the corresponding hardware; b. Use the hardware that the detection program cannot be judged by the detection program malfunction. Chapter 5 Installation Failure 1. The definition example This type of fault is mainly reflected in the failure of the operating system or application software. Maybeable Fault Phenomenon, when installing the operating system, the file replication is made during the file replication; Dead or error in the system configuration; 2. Install the application software error, restart, crash, etc. (including copying and configuration procedures); 3. The system is abnormal after the hardware device is installed (such as black screen, not start, etc.); 4, application software If you don't install it, you can't install it, or you can't uninstall. Third, the campaign, the main board, CPU, memory, and other possible hunger, and software. Fourth, judgment point / order 1, preparation before repair 1) Pay attention to carrying disk data lines; 2) The latest version of the device driver. 2, Environmental Inspection 1) Software Installation a. Check the connection and appearance of the hardware device: a) Check if the other equipment connected to the host is normal; whether the connecting line between the devices is wrong or missed. Connecting the plug, the clutch is deformation, missing, short circuit, etc.; C) carefully check the error information, determine the portion that may cause a fault; D) Whether the system has odor, the temperature of the component; E) CPU fan speed Whether it is too slow or unstable; f) whether there is an abnormal sound when the drive is working. b. Other aspects: a) Carefully control the software's manual, confirm the soft and hardware configuration of the machine comply with the requirements of the manual; carefully observe if the installation medium is intact. 2) Equipment installation a. Check the connection and appearance of the equipment: a) The device to be installed, the picking of the connection is correct, the connection cable is in good condition, the needle, the needle, the needle, or short contact; The equipment, the production process of taking the Ning Ning is excellent; c) The remaining software is installed. b. Driver media check: Whether the driver media used to install the device is intact. 3, Trouble Judgment Point 1) Operating System Installation: a. Check the settings in CMOS: a) If necessary, please restore the factory settings first; turn off the booteasy function, turn off antivirus function, and turn off the BIOS anti-write switch; c) Pay attention to the parameters of the hard disk, the temperature of the CPU, etc. Note whether the information displayed in the self-test is observed to match the actual hardware configuration. b. Installation media and target media check: a) Check if there is a virus; check if the partition table is correct, whether the partition is activated. Using the fdisk / mbr command to ensure that the main boot record is correct (Note If the machine can not start, you can prove that there is a virus or error in the original system. Hard disk should be initialized); c) Check if there is Third-party memory resident.
The following procedure is recommended to check under the software minimum system (Note: Under the minimum system, you need to add other drives related to the installation). c. Installation Process Check: a) If the file is reported to CAB when copying the file, the original file is copied to another medium (such as a hard disk). If the original installation medium is problematic, you can check the media and the corresponding drive if there is a fault; if you still can't copy, you should check the corresponding disk drive, data cable, memory, etc. Ning; if it is an overlay installation The above problem occurs, it is recommended that if the fault cannot be excluded if the installation medium is replaced, the hard disk should be initialized, reinstall (initialize the operation, it is best to completely clear the hard disk partition). If you still can't resolve, then your hardware; c) During the installation process, error prompts, blue screens, or crashs, etc. when the hardware is detected, one is to start multiple times (should be shut down), can be passed; First, check if it can pass under the software minimum system. If you can't pass, you should check the memory, disk, CPU (including the fan), the power supply, etc. in the software, and the power supply, etc., if you can install it, it is the failure or configuration problem of the Ning Ning outside the software minimum system. This can be gradually added to Ning, and judge whether it is faulty or configured; D. Hardware and other should be noted: a) Restart or power down when the system is installed, requires the minimum system in software Test. If the fault disappears, after installing the system, the device other than the software smaller system is connected one by one, and the fault is caused by the Ning Ning, and the replacement method is solved; if the fault can not disappear, check the power supply in the software minimum system , Motherboard and memory, or even disk drives; when installing such as UNIX operating systems on IDE devices, or when to install multiple operating systems, pay attention to: First, 8.4GB restrictions (UNIX must be within 8.4GB) - This article has no requirements on the SCSI device; the other is the installation order and cooperation relationship between multi-operating systems; E. I should pay attention to the following: a) Make sure the motherboard BIOS supports LeOS, it is recommended to be a user After replacing the motherboard, you must first refresh the BIOS that supports LeOS; if you replace the hard drive for the user, pay attention to whether the spare parts hard disk supports DMA66. Otherwise there will be problems when installing LeOs; C) The LeOS is preferably installed on a newly unwinding hard disk. The specific order can be hooded as follows: New Hard Disk -> Install LeOS-> Partition (FDISK) -> Install the operating system (Windows XP) -> Make a button recovery. If the original hard drive exists, you can use the Clear.com program to be cleared and then install later. 2) Application software installation: a. Questions that should be paid attention to when installing the application software problem: a) Installation of application software, partly checking methods for the above-mentioned operating system installation; before installing, request first backup registry , Then install; b. Conflict between software, hardware and software: a) two software issues can be used. First, under the software minimum system, turn off the running application, then install the required application; the other is directly turned off the running application directly, and then install the required application software.
Closing an existing application is: Use msconfig to disable the boot group, autoexec.bat, config.sys, win.ini, the program called time during startup; use the task manager, check the system is abnormal Process, and give killing; c) See if you can solve it by setting adjustments for basic satisfying software technical manuals but cannot be installed. If it is not solved, it is not compatible; d) Use other machines (preferably different configuration), check if there is a soft and hardware compatibility problem; e) Check if the software has been installed in the system, if installed After you can uninstall it, then install it, if you don't uninstall it, you can uninstall or uninstall it by recovering the registry (for Windows XP to use the system restore function to uninstall); f) If necessary, you can check the relevant information , Then contact the software manufacturer and see if there are other precautions. c. Hardware check: If the above steps are not effective, hardware problems can be inspected, and accessories such as optical drives, installation media, hard drive lines should be checked. 3) Hardware device installation: a. Conflict Check: a) The installed device is installed, whether the Ning is recognized in the self-test process before the system starts, or can be identified by the operating system (non-plug-and-play " ). If you cannot recognize, you should check the BIOS settings and devices themselves, including jumpers and corresponding slots or ports; check if the newly installed device is conflict with the device in the original system; reject the original system by changing the driver Corresponding to picking up or devices, replacing slots, see if the fault is eliminated. If it is not compatible, it is incompatible; c) whether the installed device is equipped with the technical specifications or physical specifications of the existing system; d) Check if some settings in the current system (mainly. Ini files) are Installing the Ning Ning or device driver does not match the place; b. Driver check: Whether the installed device driver is a suitable version (ie, not necessarily the latest); c. Hardware check: a) installed It is a failure of taking the Ning or the equipment itself; checking if there is a bad phenomenon in the original system (such as slot damage, insufficient power supply capacity, etc.). 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (5). Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: Users returned to Tianyi 6620 machine, in the process of installation 98, prompt for three minutes. Hwinfo error is not available properly. Solution: After the engineer is on, it has been detected, and there is indeed a problem with the user's reaction. Then try copying the installation file to the hard disk to install and change the installation disk installation, and the fault is still. Then check the BIOS discovery, the system date is 2075. After the date is changed back, troubleshooting. Although the problem is small, the impact is large. Here, remind you of the colleagues, do things carefully, don't ignore each detail. Case 2: Problem Description: Daily 2000 machine, suddenly crash once, can not start, reloading system can succeed, but there are many question marks in equipment management, such as printing ports, COM ports have not drifted. Solution: Reinstall the system in the station, drive the motherboard can't solve the problem, it seems that only the host is replaced. Open the chassis and find a lot of dust, remove the motherboard, make a lot of sweep, hold the heart, reinstall all OK.
Case 3: Problem Description: A user Burning 4000 machine / PIII 1g, he is a unit technician, saying that this machine cannot reload the system, each rendering, requires home repair. Solution: When arriving at the user, it is found that the CPU fan is not Lenovo when the machine is reactive when reloading the hardware. The customer said that this is just from the market, new, there should be no problem. Replace the hard disk and memory, it is not necessary to bring back to the station in the station, and then replace the motherboard and the CPU or not, after several retry, find more and shorter, suspicion, or the CPU fan has a problem. Change the fan on other Lenovo machines to solve the problem. The cause of the failure is that the customer's CPU fan speed is insufficient, causing the temperature over the high dead machine Chapter 4 Show fault 1. This fault is not only included in the fault caused by displaying devices or taking the Ning, but also Ning poor is not normal in display. That is, the failure of the display is not necessarily due to the display device, and should be fully observed and judged. Second, possible fault phenomena 1, boot no display, display sometimes or often unloaded; 2. Show bias, jitter or scrolling, display hair, flower screen, etc., in some kind of application or configuration, dark ( Even blank screens), reefilt, crash, etc .; 4, screen parameters cannot be set or modified; 5, brightness or contrast is not adjustable or adjustable range, screen size or position cannot be adjusted or scope; 6, Sleep Wake up after displaying abnormalities 7. Display odor or sound. Third, the campaign display, display card and other settings; motherboard, memory, power supply, and other related hiking. Particularly pay attention to other equipment around the computer and the interference of geomagnetic to the computer. Fourth, judgment points / order 1, the latest version of the driver 2, environmental inspection 1) before the maintenance 1) City electricity inspection: a. Whether the main electric voltage is 220V ± 10%, 50 Hz or 60 Hz; ; B. The rest of the market is concerned about the mains and electricity failures. 2) Connection check: a. Display and host connectivity, correct (especially note, whether it is connected to the correct display port when there are two display ports); whether the pin of the cable connector has deformation, break and other phenomena, Be careful to check whether the quality of the display cable is intact; b. Whether the display is properly connected to the upper market, the power supply indicates correct (whether it is bright and color); c. Display device exception, whether it is related to the unpigneous line. Special attention: The computer maintenance engineer is not allowed to install the ground wire for the user, please request the user to install it by formal electrician; 3) Peripheral and host environment check: a. Check the environment temperature, humidity is consistent with the manual (such as diamond tube, requirement The temperature of use is 18 ~ 40c); b. Whether there is odor, smoke or abnormal sound after power is applied (such as burst sound, etc.); c. Is there a deformation, discoloration, or temperature rise Phenomenon; d. Display card is inserted, can be checked by retrogging, wiped the gold finger portion of the display card (including other board) with a rubber or alcohol; if there is more dust in the host, clearance; E. Whether there is interferon in the environment (these interferences include: fluorescent lamps, UPS, speakers, hair dryers, other displays, other displays, less than 50 cm), and other high-power electromagnetic devices, cables, etc.).
Note that the display of the display can also cause interference to the display device due to the influence of the geomagnetic; F. For fault phenomena such as bias, jitter, check the failure phenomenon can disappear by changing the direction and location of the display. 4) Other inspections and precautions: a. After the host is powered on, there is a normal self-test and running action (if the self-test completion, the hard disk indicator is constantly flashing, etc.), if there is, the key check Display or display card; b. Prohibit charging monitor and display direction, within a while (2 ~ 3 minutes) (2 ~ 3 minutes) is also not to move the display. 3, Trouble Judgment Point 1) Adjust the display and display card: a. By adjusting the OSD option of the display, it is best to reply to the RECALL (factory state) state to check if the fault disappears. For LCD, you need to press the Auto Config button; b. Whether the parameters of the display are too high or too low (such as H / V-Moire, this is not recovered by recall); c. Display each button can be adjusted, The adjustment range is offset the specification requirements of the display; D. The abnormal sound or abnormal odor of the display is exceeded by the requirements of the display technology specifications (if the new display is just used, there will be an abnormal odor; just applied due to disability The sound caused by the cause, the screen jitter, etc., but these are normal). For specifications of the monitor, see Appendix Second (2); E. The technical specifications of the display card can be used in the host (if the AGP 2.0 card can be used in the AGP slot of the host). 2) BIOS configuration adjustment: a. Setting in the BIOS does not match the location of the currently used display card or the display connection (ie, is an onboard display card, or an external display card; Is the AGP display card or a PCI display card); b. For on-board display cards that do not support automatic allocation display memory, you need to check whether the size of the memory in the BIOS is in line with the application needs; the following checks should be performed under the software minimum system. 3) Check the display / card driver: a. Does the display / card match match the display device, the version is appropriate; b. Whether the display is driven correctly, if there is a manufacturer's driver, it is best to use the manufacturer's drive; c. Whether the appropriate Direct X driver (including motherboard driver) is loaded; d. If Direct X driver is installed in the system, you can use the DXDiag.exe command to check whether the display system is faulty. The program can also be used to check the sound card device. 4) Display properties, resources check: a. Check if there are other devices and display cards with resource conflicts, if there is, first remove these conflicts; b. Display attributes is appropriate (such as : Incorrect monitor type, refresh rate, resolution, and color depth, etc., will cause increasing, blur, flower screen, jitter, or even black screen phenomenon); 5) Operating system configuration and application check: a. Whether the settings in some configuration files (such as: system.ini files) are appropriate; b. Display card's technical specifications or display drivers support the needs of applications; c. Whether other soft, hardware conflicts
6) Hardware check: a. When the display is adjusted, add other hungering, checking what is incomplete to cause an abnormality; b. Check if there is a display card or display of different models. Matching problems; c. By replacing the corresponding hardware check whether the hardware failure causes abnormal display (recommended replacement order: Display card, memory, motherboard). 5. The judgment process of this type of fault See Appendix (4). 6. Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: I have encountered such a machine, the phenomenon is quirky, the model is Burning 2000 PIII / 800, the fault is the recurrent boot, sometimes it can display the enterprise, but use 1 The crash will appear in -2 hours, and no display is displayed, only for a long time is booting, can be displayed. Solution: I have encountered this problem, first assembled as hardware problem, open the chassis, see the boards, no looseness (Note: the graphics card and the main board slot on the main board slot, stick very tight), change the test, Changed the memory, CPU, power supply, can not solve the problem, then change the motherboard, remove the Lenovo's label with the motherboard slot, feel that the graphics card is not plugged into position, press down, but also go in again, Suspected is that the graphics card is poorly contacted with the motherboard, so it will restore the original mining of the machine, test the machine, everything is normal. Postscript: This case is due to the poor contact of the graphics card, but the strange fault caused by the repair because of the detection time (only whether the graphics card is inserted, not actually checking it), causing the maintenance process. Case 2: Problem Description: One Burning Machine, the user said that each startup cannot enter the Win98, the cursor is on the upper left corner of the screen, and the safety mode can be entered. Solution: Suspected to set improper settings for the graphics or monitor, enter the security mode to set the display resolution to 640 * 480, the color is set to 16 colors, restart, can enter in normal mode, but as long as the resolution or color is changed, The machine cannot be started normally; check the inside of the machine, except for the user from a network card, don't have other configurations, is it a conflict with the network card and the graphics card? Unplug the network card, start WIN98 normally, change the network card to the network card, turn on the new hardware, load the driver, start, everything is normal. Postscript: Due to the crash caused by the graphics card and other reciprocal or conflict, you can use the minimum systematic method to test (the minimum systemification method is only maintained by the main board, CPU, graphics card, power supply, etc.), First eliminate the main hunger, and then detect other expansion cards one by one. Case 3: Problem Description: Delta Force - Earth Warrior, running on the machine of the 810 (E) series (same day, daily series), such as the use of the random band-driver installation (while driving with the random disk It is our consistent style), and it will inevitably lead to a crash when entering the game screen. Solution: The solution is to download the new version of the driver from the Internet to upgrade.
Postscript: If you encounter a fault of playing 3D game crash in actual maintenance, it is estimated that it may be a graphics card failure, and no standby is replaced (this is often encountered in our home repair), and you can download a Direct Control from the Internet. Software, shield AGP support by it. Play 3D games, if there is no crash, the problem is likely to be elsewhere (such as motherboard, memory). If a dead machine is largely explained, this graphics card is faulty. Case 4: Fault Description: Opening 2200 P4 / 1.7G (for QDI P7Li-Al motherboard), when running Huagang overn set software (with an ISA encryption card), if the zoom is enlarged, the left boundary line cannot be displayed. . Solution: Users new machines, agents have problems when installing overrievable software for users. For a new new machine, the fault is still, the agent is determined to be the Huagang ISA card is not compatible with this model, so that the maintenance station is resolved. To the user, the fault is reproduced, and the PCI graphics card is displayed is normal, and it is estimated that it is not a machine failure. In the system properties - performance-graphics, the hardware accelerates the two grids and solves the problem. Chapter 9 Port and Peripheral Fault 1. Definition Examples This type of failure mainly involves the failure of the string parallel port, USB port, keyboard, mouse and other devices. Second, the possible fault phenomenon 1, the keyboard is not working properly, the function key does not work; 2. The mouse is not working properly; 3, can not print or print under certain operating systems; 4, external equipment is not normal; 5, Serial communication error (such as transmission data error, loss data, "serial port device identification); 6, using USB devices are not normal (such as USB hard drives, no multiple USB devices, etc.); three, may involve Take a hunger (such as motherboard), power supply, connection cable, and BIOS. Fourth, judgment point / order 1, preparation before repair 1) Prepare the short-circuit ring testing of the corresponding port; 2) Prepare test procedures QA, AMI, etc. - These procedural requirements are running under DOS; Prepare the cable used in the respective ports, such as parallel port, printer line, serial port, USB line, etc. 2, Environmental Inspection 1) Connection and Appearance Check: a. Whether the device data cable interface is good connected to the host, the pin is curved, missing, short contact; B. For some brands of USB hard drive, the best instructions should be the best Use an external power supply to make it better; c. Connection port and related control circuits have deformation, discoloration phenomena; d. Whether the cable is matched to the device to be connected (eg, the two machines are connected via the serial port. You should use the air conditioner demodulator cable and cannot use Modem lines, etc.). 2) Peripheral check: a. Whether the power adapter of the external device is matched to the device; b. Check if the external device can power up (including the own power supply, take electricity from the host signal port); c. Detect it under pure DOS Is it possible to work properly. If you can't work, you should check the cable or replace the peripheral and motherboard; d. If the external device has the function of self-test, it can be checked to test whether it is intact; you can also pick up the external device to other Lenovo machine detection.
3, Trouble Judgment Point 1) Simplify the system, unrelated peripheral first; 2) Port setting check (BIOS and operating system two aspects): a. Check if the motherboard BIOS setting is correct, the port is open, the work mode is correct ; B. By updating the BIOS, replace the different brands or different chipset motherboards, test whether there is a compatibility problem; c. Check if the corresponding port in the system has resource conflicts. Whether the peripheral driver on the port is installed, whether the device attribute is adapted to the external device. In the correct case, detect the corresponding hardware-motherboard, etc.; d. Check if the port can be used in the DOS environment, can be checked by connecting a peripheral or with the port detection tool described below; E. For string, parallel port These ports must be used to use the specific short-circuit ring of the respective ports (recommended using AMI) for inspection. If there is an error, the corresponding hardware should be replaced; f. Check if there is no inappropriate settings in some applications, resulting in some peripherals to work properly. For example: In some applications, the improper thermal key combination is set, so that some keys cannot work properly. 3) Equipment and driver check: a. Time to use the device to drive your own uninstaller, such as Z32 printer; b. Check whether the device software settings correspond to the port active, such as USB printer to set the USB port Output; c. USB device, driver, application order installation order should be strictly followed by instructions; D. Peripheral drivers, it is best to use a newer version and go to the vendor's website to upgrade. Chapter 10 Voice Video Category First, Definition Examples of Multimedia Play, Making Critical Faults. Second, possible fault phenomena 1, playback CD, VCD or DVD, etc., crash; 2, when playing multimedia software, there is no sound or no image with sound; 3, there is noise, no sound, no sound, no sound; 4, The sound is too small or too large, and it cannot be adjusted; 5, can not record, the recording noise of playback is large or the sound is smaller; 6, the equipment is installed. Third, you may involve the tone, video board or equipment, motherboard, memory, optical drive, disk medium, chassis, etc. Fourth, judgment point / order 1 , Video files (VCD, DVD); 2) Familiar with the settings of multimedia applications, such as the setting of sound attributes under Windows, the settings of the sound card / graphics, the settings of the video box / card, and the settings, etc.; 3) Targeting information about the user's information, it is primarily understood whether new hardware, software, and reloading system (including one-button recovery) before the failure is faulty. 2, environmental inspection 1) Check if the voltage of the market is within the allowable range (220V ± 10%); 2) Check if the power supply is connected, the data cable is connected correctly, whether the plug is completely inserted, such as speakers, video boxes / Video connection, etc., whether the switch is turned on; whether the volume of the speaker is adjusted to the appropriate size; 3) Whether the user's operation method is correct; 4) Check the surrounding environment, there is no power interference equipment, such as: air conditioner, rear projection, large Screen color TV, refrigerator and other high-power appliances. If there is a comparable distance (50 cm or more); 5) Check if the motherboard BIOS setting is adjusted, it will be set to restore the factory state, specifically check the CPU, whether the memory is overclocking.
3. Troubleshooting points 1) For sound faults (no sound, noise, mono, etc.), first confirm that the speaker has faults, method: can connect the speaker to other sound sources (such as the recorder, Walkman) on detection, sound output Whether it is normal, at this time, it can be determined whether the speaker is faulty; 2) Check if the corresponding plug-in or patch is not installed, causing the multimedia function to work abnormal; 3) Play the multimedia play, make a fault, if the fault is in different players Under the multimedia files, the different multimedia files are played, and the related system settings should be checked (such as sound settings, CD-ROM attribute settings, sound card drivers and settings). And even the relevant hardware is faulty; 4) If there is a fault under a specific player, it is normal, and should start from problems with the player software, check whether the software settings are correct, can you support playback Format of files. After reinstalling or upgrading software, see if the fault is excluded; 5) If the fault is in the reinstall system, replacing the board, the system recovery disk recovery system, or use one-button recovery, etc., first drive from the board. Installation check, such as whether the drive is matched with the corresponding device or the like; 6) For video input, the output related fault should first check if the video application software is set correctly, that is, the signal source (such as cable television signal), signal Terminal (TV, etc.) uses the same formulation. China region is generally PAL system; 7) When performing video imports, pay attention to whether the video import software and the audio input setting of the sound card match, such as: Software The audio input is MIC, then the audio line picks up the MIC port of the audio cable, and the audio of the sound card The input is set to MIC; when the multimedia file is read only from the optical drive, if the DVD / VCD is slow, it is not connected, and the transmission mode of the optical drive first checks "DMA" mode; 9) Check if there is no Third-party software, the normal use of audio and video functions of the interference system. In addition, anti-virus software will cause slow speed, no connection, such as Rising, etc., should be closed); 10) Software Check a. Check if there is a virus in the system; b. Sound / audio attribute setting: Volume setting Do you use digital audio, etc .; c. Video settings: resolution and color depth in video properties; d. Check DirectX version, install the latest DirectX. At the same time, use the DXDiag.exe program provided, check the sound card device E. Device Drive Check: In Windows "System-Device Management", check if multimedia-related equipment (graphics card, sound card, video card, etc.) is normal, There should be "?" Or "!", Etc., the device driver file should be complete. If necessary, the driver can be reinstalled or driver upgraded by uninstalling the drive. For the instructions, you must delete or directly override installations as required (at this time, you should not let the system search, but manually selected in the device list); f. Such as the user reloaded the system However, it may not be able to operate according to the correct steps (such as restart, etc.) when the drive is installed, resulting in the normal device to operate properly. The user should be reloaded for the user.
The method can be the same; g. Use the system recovery disk recovery system, or use a one-button recovery, sometimes the system identified device is not the device actually used, and does not report in "System-Device Management" under Windows, Carefully check if the device name is consistent with the actual equipment, and it is not consistent to reload the drive (eg, replacing the replaceable motherboard after the sound card chip is inconsistent); h. Reissue driver still can't rule out the fault, should be injured to be updated Drive versions, drive upgrades should be driven, or install patches. 11) Hardware check A. Detecting the memory part is fault with the memory detection program. Sad hardware has motherboard and memory; b. First use the replacement method to check the board, equipment associated with the fault directly. Sound problem: sound card, speaker, audio interface jumper on the motherboard; display class problem: graphics card; video input, output class problem: video box / card; c. When only the multimedia file is read only from the optical drive, it is faulty. When the software setting is invalid, determine if the CD drive is faulty; d. For noise problems, check if the audio connection of the optical drive is installed correctly, whether the speaker itself has problems, the speaker power adapter is faulty, and other match problems, etc. e. Use disk class fault judgment method to detect if the hard disk is faulty; f. Use the replacement method to determine if the CPU is faulty; g. It is faulty with the replacement method. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (10). Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: Users repaire the E5000 computer, installed Windows XP system. The user is playing audio and video files, such as VCD, CD, MP3, etc., "Zi" in the speaker is obvious. Solution: Generally I see such a problem, always think of the issue of speakers first, or the sound card of the motherboard has a problem. But the engineer has replaced the speaker, and the motherboard is still there. At this time, the maintenance is in trouble. In fact, as long as you carefully observe and think about it, go to observe the first and hard thinking, the problem should be solved soon. In this case, since the machine itself is factory DOS system, Windows XP is installed by the user. The sound card driver is also recognized by Windows XP, and it is precisely the problem of XP comes with the problem, resulting in the problem of users. As long as the corresponding driver in the random drive disc is installed, the problem is solved. Case 2: Problem Description: The future pioneer 722 machine purchased by users, installs Windows 98, and found no sound when playing CD. The CD control has been opened in sound control, and the volume is adjusted to the maximum. Solution: First we have to know this, Lenovo factory pre-installed Windows XP machine, no longer configured the audio line between the optical drive and the sound card, playing the CD, the digital audio function provided by XP itself is directly played directly. And Windows 98 does not have a function of digital audio. Understand this, the answer to the user's question is clear. Tell the user machine standard to play the CD using the digital audio function of Windows XP, so the machine does not configure the optical drive. Windows 98 does not support digital audio functions, so this will result. It is recommended that the user still uses a Windows XP operating system, or adds an audio cable yourself. It is important to ensure that the understanding of the product configuration, technical specifications is important for us to solve user problems. Chapter 8 Internet Category First, Definition Examples are mainly soft and hardware failures related to browsing the Internet. Such as: can't dial, not browse the web, etc..
Second, the possible fault phenomenon 1, can not dial, no dial tone, dial-up noise, go online; 2, Internet speed slow, individual web pages can not be browsed; 3. When Internet access, the blue screen error, etc .; 4, can collect mail but You cannot send an email; 5, network equipment installation is abnormal; 6, damage to other communication devices connected to the modem or vice versa. Third, the campaign may involve the calling modem, telephone, telephone line, and local. The remaining class is the "local network fault". Fourth, judgment points / order 1, environmental inspection 1) Peripheral and appearance check: a. Wiring definition of the city's electricity is correct, whether there is a ground wire; b. Whether there is a transformer or other electrical appliances such as transformers in the external MODEM Equipment; c. Whether the phone has an anti-theft function, whether an external device such as an IP telephone dialer, a fax machine is installed. Whether these external devices are connected correctly, work is normal (single work and connecting machine); d. Check if dust in the chassis is large, whether there is foreign matter to cause short circuits, plugging, Ning, is inserted in place, no warping; e. Motherboard, MODEM or broadband Internet network card upper device has deformation, discoloration, etc. The phenomenon happens. 2) Signal cable connection: a. Whether the telephone line is connected correctly, whether the connected telephone line is normal, whether the user's phone is a extension, whether there is an incoming reminder; b. Does the calling phone number are restricted; c. Broadband Internet Net line definition Whether it is correct, if you can connect, if you have condition, you will test the machine (such as: go to neighborhood or back to the station) to verify that it is a connection problem; 2. Trouble judgment point 1) MODEM configuration check: a. Check if the settings in the CMOS are correct. Whether the Modem device is systematically recognized; b. Software minimum system plus modem, check whether the fault is disappeared. Such as disappearing. It is the incompatible or resource conflict between the hardware; c. Check if the MODEM driver is correct in the device manager, whether there is a resource conflict. The protocol supported by MODEM is not compatible with the local end. When the drive is incorrect, it may cause the Internet to drop the line, the Internet speed is slow. Delete the original Modem drive (preferably delete the modem "in the control panel - modem), reinstall the MODEM driver after installing the motherboard; d. MODEM device property setting is correct (such as using connection speed, etc.). 2) Dial / Dial Procedure Check: a. Check if the dial program used by the user is a third-party software. It is recommended to use a new dial-up connection, dial-up Internet access (it is best not to use the user's account), check if you can dial, Whether it is wrong; b. Pay attention to check the error message, initially judge the cause of the fault (such as: report 680 errors, there is no dial tone, 678 error, is the remote server is not responding); c. Does the user have access to the Internet. 3) Network attributes and protocol check: a. If you are dialing through the service provider, unite to install the IP protocol, the parameters such as IP addresses should be set. Other netwitting methods should be set as required; b. Dial-up protocols used are consistent with the service provider requirements (such as using PPP protocols).
4) IE check: a. For Windows 98 systems, if IE has faults, it is recommended to upgrade IE to 5.5, or patch; b. Check if the IE property setting is correct, check if IE is modified by a website. If the temporary file is too much, it can cause the web that cannot be browsed after the Internet (you can delete temporary files in the IE property. About the method of deleting, after seeing this chapter). Whether you can't browse the web due to the plugins that you have not installed. Check the security level settings in IE, and hierarchical check settings, restore to default; c. Check if the system is modified (if the registry is disabled); d. Check the user's software environment, Due to the anti-virus, the software, the firewall, or its setting is incorrect, resulting in browsing difficulties. 5) System Check: a. Check if there is a virus in the system; b. Turn off all the programs loaded when all startups are turned off in MSConfig, turn off all running programs. Preventing software conflicts from accessing the network; c. Reinstall the operating system if necessary. 6) Hardware check: a. Replace the slot of Modem, re-detect the MODEM and install the driver, if you can't get online, replace the modem test; b. If you can't dial it in thunderstorm, in addition to check the cable and Other equipment is damaged, it should be checked if MODEM is damaged; c. If it is not accessible, pay attention to check other hardware; 7) If there is any fault, it is necessary to check: a. Check if the network card driver is properly installed; b. Closed loop The test network card is normal; c. Depending on the local actual situation, set the dialing property correctly. Re-install the dial software according to the broadband Internet access, set various settings; d. Replace different models of network cards for testing, exclude incompatibility; e. Contact Telecommunications Bureau Or cell network management checks network environment or connecting equipment; f. For automatic Internet access, the proxy server does not set up, for the early broadband network, you need to set IP. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault see Appendix (8). 6. Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: One customer machine uses a 98 operating system. When the network page is discovered, the page does not open, but the right foot does have a link icon, but found no network traffic, but the problem is solved several times, this Problem Reclaims irregular, customer needs to explain the cause and prove that it is not a machine problem. Solution: Customer requirements give a reasonable explanation, because the machine is not unable to access the Internet. If you understand this, you should be sad from the software, you can't change your hardware, you will feel bad for your customers.
Machine can dial normally to indicate the MODEM hardware and driver of the machine, but after careful observation, it is found that the network traffic is 0, indicating that the machine does not have online, the link symbol of the right foot may be a pseudo phase, using the ipconfig / all command to discover the machine Get the IP address, why do I have this phenomenon that I can call the telecom access to the telecom access, repeatedly test a few dial-up Internet, I found that if I get the IP address after dialing, I can get the Internet. If I don't get IP addresses, You must not open the web page. If the customer sees this phenomenon, it is basically aware of my statement, and hopes that the problem can still be solved by reinstalling the operating system. After reinstalling the 98 operating system, the problem is still, the customer has considered no problem, in the new 98 I have tested it in another way, that is, use the super terminal inside 98 to dial, the super terminal can see the dialing process when the dial is dial, can you get an IP address, use a super terminal dial? After 5-6 times, I found that I didn't get an IP address. When the customer is fully convinced, the reason is that the telecommunications is located, not the machine itself. Case 2: Problem Description: The operating system installed by the client machine is 98. In addition to installing MODEM, a network card is added. The client machine usually uses the NIC on the on-board LAN. The network card obtains IP is a DHCP method, but cannot dial when dialing Internet, but there is a dial tone, the customer is completely resolved. Solution: The customer has used MODEM dial-up Internet, and now I can't use it. It is more excited. In addition to solving it, it is necessary to fully communicate, so the process of processing is important. I found the fault recovery when I was tested. After communicating with the customer, I found that the customer used to be dial-up. I recently installed a network card. The local area network can be used, and the dial is not used. From the communication, I think it is not a machine. The problem itself, or is related to the settings and operating systems itself, because there is no such problem on the machine in 2000. First of all, I am shocked by the network card, then test the dial-up Internet, discover the fault disappearance, is it related to the network card, open the NIC, I found it can be dial online, the problem is solved! What happened, after restarting, I found that the dialk on the LAN will once again appear anomalous, the fault resequence, use the super terminal dial-up discovery that cannot be obtained IP address, OK, the problem is found, but what is the cause of IP addresses, I poke a thumb and operation The system is related, because there is no such problem in 2000, should be related to the network card in 98, because this LAN is using DHCP mode, I use Winipcfg to add the network card IP realse, dial the fault, finalize the problem, start repeatedly And release the NIC IP, dialing, and then communicating with Microsoft engineers, determining that 95 and 98 do have this problem, but this problem has been solved in 2000, and the customer is very embarrassed. Case 3: Problem Description: The customer bought a modem, using this MODEM can dial 163/169 Internet, but it can't allocate the company's LAN to send and receive mail, customers want to help solve, although the customer's Modem is not standard. Solution: The customer is still more familiar with the computer, so it is only asking us to help the handle, find the real reasons, so try not to open the chassis when dealing with this problem, do not open the chassis, do the operations such as the motherboard, focusing on sadness and compatibility Sex.
Because you can allocate to 163, you can't allocate to the company's online, so I have to see the model number and agreement of the customer MODEM. The customer's modem is a product of the same-dimensional products, supports V.90 protocol, the customer company's Modem is the US 3COM product Also support V.90 protocol, first dial to the company with a super terminal, discover the automatic breakage after 2 seconds after the dial tone, there is no way to get the IP address, this means that the two modem have compatible problems. After the problem in the handshake stage, after explaining the customer, the customer borrowed a 3CM MODEM to its unit. First, use the dial-up network to test everything, and then use the super terminal test to find everything, the customer is very recognized, think that our test mode is very persuasive. Attachment: Delete temporary files in IE can be used in the following ways: 1. Open the IE browser, remove temporary files in the tool -Internet option, empty history. (For IE that can be selected in this setting in this setting, you will increase the disk space you use by the Internet temporary folder; 2, at the beginning - set - taskbar and start menu - Start menu Select Clear in the program; 3. Remove history in the C: / Windows / history directory; 4. Remove all files in C: / WindowsTemPorary Internet files; 5 LAN fault 1. The definition example This type of fault is mainly related to the fault in a network environment such as a local area network broadband network. Second, possible failure phenomenon 1, NIC does not work, the indicator status is incorrect; 2. The network is unlocked or only several machines Can not access the Internet, can ping, but not connected, network transmission speed slow; 3, data transmission error, network application error or crash, etc., network work is normal, but you can't use the network under an application; 5, you can only see yourself Or individual computers; 6, no diskless station cannot be online or started; 7, network equipment installation exceptions. 8, the network is not passing when the network is not passed. Third, the campaign that may involve Ning Net card, switch (including Hub, router, etc.), network cable , Motherboard, hard disk, power supply, etc. III Ning. IV. Judgment points / order 1. Preparation before repair 1) Available network cable (straight line and ordinary network cable, line sequence meet international standards); 2) If there is conditional, With the Internet cable connection inspector. 2. Environmental check 1) Power connection check: a. Wiring definitions of the main electricity are correct; b. Whether there is a ground; c. Whether each device on the network (such as hub, switches, etc.) is powered. 2) Network cable connection check: a. Whether the network cable connection is related to the requirements of the network connection (such as direct connection and ordinary network cable); b. Whether the connection between the network cable is normal, to check the network cable without damage, over-distortion; C. Network cable Whether the length is too long (such as 100 m) of the 5-class twisted pair exceeding the technical specifications); d. Whether the wire joint - the crystal head is intact, whether it is oxidized; e. Whether the network card interface is intact. Re-inserting the network cable to check if the network cable is connected to the NIC connection; f. Whether the cable requires the terminal, whether the terminal is normal.
3) Network equipment appearance and peripheral examination: a. After power is started, the network card indicator is bright, etc .; B. Hub's network interface, after connecting to the terminal or server, if the terminal or server starts and configures normally, The indicator light will illuminate (note whether the indicator color is normal, the participation of the referral equipment manual), if the indicator is not lit, the device is faulty; c. NIC picking, Ning is inserted, no warping, NIC, net gold finger is oxidized; D Whether there is interference around the device such as a network or a switch. 4) Host look check: a. Check if there is foreign matter in the chassis cause short circuit; b. Whether dust in the chassis is too much, if so, it should clean the dust; c. Does the motherboard and NIC have a deformation, discoloration phenomenon; D After powering, pay attention to the novel, component and other equipment, and the temperature abnormalities occur. 5) Other aspects: a. Under UNIX, it is clear whether it is a terminal crash or a server crash 3. Fault judgment point 1) Seek user network management cooperation. The first should contact the NMS as much as possible to obtain network management cooperation. 2) Network environment check: a. For a failure of drop, packet loss, pay attention to check the compatibility between network cards and switches; b. Network connection is normal, but you cannot log in, you should check from the following points: a) The domain name is or has been working; if it has been in accordance with the server, the operating system requirements (such as the WINS parsing service, DNS service, the Winxp Home version cannot be logged in to the domain.), Set the terminal to log in to the domain The computer name has been registered in the domain; c) Check if the protocol used is correct; c. Check if the firewall is installed, whether it is authorized to access; d. When necessary, connect only two machines connected to two machines Check if the network environment is connected (doing so can rule out the impact of environmental factors on the network). 3) Network Adapter Drive and Properties Check: a. The driver is correct and appropriate. NIC equipment is recommended to automatically identify the system and use the driver that matches and updates with the operating system (only the old model ISA network card can be used to install the drive). When installing the driver, if necessary, you can turn it off in the startup and running the program, then install; b. Network card is not working properly in a network environment, adjusting the network speed, such as 10 / 100Mbps network card, if you work in a 10MBPS network environment, the network work is not normal, you should specify the network card to work on 10Mbps; C. Check the network communication method, if it is a full dual work, etc. 4) Network protocol check: a. Check that the protocol in the network is correct (no matter which protocol is used, you must ensure that the protocol used in the network is consistent).
Is there a reheemed computer name in the network; b. If you can't see yourself or other computers, first check it several times, then check if the file and print sharing service are installed and enabled, whether it adds NetBeui protocol. (If there is a WINS server in the network environment, you don't need to add it. If you don't add it); c. If you can ping the network, you cannot access other terminals or servers in the online neighbor, available IPConfig / ALL (in command line ), NetStat, etc., check the specific information, check the settings of the network properties, such as domains, workgroups, etc., and perform corresponding changes; D. TCP / IP protocol PING PING command can be used to check the work of the network. This requires maintenance personnel to understand related knowledge of TCP / IP protocol (order: ping 127.0.0.1, native IP, this network segment IP, gateway, DNS, etc.); E. If ping is not available, you can try to put all in network properties. Adapter and protocol delete, reboot, reinstall after restart; f. In which network segment error in the IP package is checked by executing the Tracert
For wireless networks, special attention: a. Check if the effective distance between the two terminals is too large, whether there is a spacer in the middle; b. Wait for the network, the frequency channel used is uniform; c. Environment with AP Next, the network ESSID of the terminal must be consistent with the AP; d. Check if the key to the key of the NIC and the AP match. 5. The judgment flow of this type of fault See Appendix (7). 6. Sixth, case case one: Problem Description: NIC does not work, indicator status is incorrect; There is no rust in the finger part. If there is, it is clean with the eraser. Case 2: Problem Description: Only a few machines can connect to the network, most of them cannot visit each other. The NIC light is bright, and the HUB lamp flash solution: see this situation, to analyze from the hard hard two aspects, first: a, software, use the latest version of KV3000 to check, kill viruses, no viruses, This excludes the possibility of viral interference. In terms of network, NetBeui, IPX / SPX, and TCP / IP protocols are installed. The network card drivers are also installed correctly, and no conflicts are found in device management, and protocol binding is performed. Set the file, printer sharing, and the workgroup name and computer name are set. It should be said that there is no problem from the network protocol to shared resource settings, and the software can be excluded. B. Analyze from hardware, there are four possibilities: one is the network circuit disconnection, the signal circuit cannot be formed; the second is whether the line sequence of the network cable is correct; its third is connected to the network cable between the hub and computer, more than 100 meters; there is a problem with the four hub ports. For these four possibilities, exclude one by one. Using the wiring tool or meter measuring the network cable, it is found that the network cable is very good, there is no broken circuit. Through visual visits, the length of the network cable for the connection cannot exceed 100 meters. Connect several networks connected to the jack on the hub to the port of suspected damaged hub, which is still interoperable, indicating that the hub port is not damaged. C. By examination of the line order, the line sequence of the user found that the user's production is 1, 2, 3, 4, and the problem is here, because the correct connection of the RJ45 plug should be used 1, 2, 3, 6, where 1, 2 is a pair of lines, 3, 6 is a pair of lines, and the remaining four lines are not defined. I have found the problem, just need to re-use the user, and insert the network normal. Case 3: Problem Description: Brain can only see yourself in "online neighbors", can't see other computers, can't use shared resources and shared printer solutions on other computers: use ping commands, ping local IP address Or host name, check if the network card and IP network protocol are installed. If you can ping, you have no problem with the network card and network protocol settings of the computer. The problem is on the connection of the computer and the network. Therefore, the interface status of the network cable and HUB and HUB should be checked. If you cannot ping the pass, you can only explain the TCP / IP protocol problem. Re-set the network protocol, for 10 units, the Internet is not hurt with the NetBeui protocol, .
Case 4: Problem Description: No diskless station cannot be online or started; solution: Novell-free workstation does not normal log in to the server with the following cases: a. "Error Opening Boot Disk Image File" or "Unable to open image file" or "unable to open image file" may be connected to a server that does not contain remote start image files. Put the start image file to the login directory of this server; if you are using a multi-range start image file, check whether the workstation is correct in bootconf.sys, make sure that the network address and node address are correct, if all above is correct Then it is possible to have a problem with the remote start image file, you can test whether the floppy disk that generates the startup image file can start the disc workstation. If you can't still do it, you can run the RPLFIX utility. B. "Error Finding Server" appears on the workstation screen to ensure that the "ethernet_802.3" frame type is installed on the server on the server line connection, and whether it contains Ethernet_802.3 in the NET.CFG of the remote start image file. The species is the old IPX chip mentioned earlier, it does not support Ethernet-802.2 frames. Re-create the startup image file according to the corresponding frame type. C. Workstation hangs, screen and displays the following Simworks: Ethernet Card Is Improperly Install or Net Connected The Network. This is because the old IPX chip mentioned above is used above NetWare 4.x. When there is no rplodi.com without rplodi.com or remote boot image file in a remote boot image file. D. The workstation displays "Loading MS-DOS" and hangs this because the remote start image file uses DOS 5.0 or above, and the RPLFIX utility is run for the remote startup image. E. The "Batch File Missing" appears on the screen is due to autoexec.bat or other batch file (batch for multiple remote boot images) does not exist at the login directory and user login directory. DOS management structure of the hard disk 1. The most basic components of the track, sector, cylindrical and magnetic head counts are coated with a magnetic medium made of a hard metal material, and the number of discs of different capacity hard drives is different. Each disk has two sides, information can be recorded. The disc is divided into a plurality of sectors, each of which is called a sector, each of which can store 128 × 2 N times (n = 0.1.2.3) byte information. In DOS, each area is 128 × 2 2 square = 512 bytes, on the surface of the disc, a center of the disc, and the concentric circles of different radii are called a track. In the hard disk, the cylindrical cylinders composed of different disk the same radius of the same radius are referred to as cylinders. The tracks and cylinders are circles that represent different radiuss, in many occasions, tracks and cylinders can be used interchangeably, we know that each disk has two faces, each face has a magnetic head, habits to distinguish between .
The sector, track (or cylinder) and the number of magnetic head constitute the basic parameters of the hard disk structure, help these parameters can get the capacity of the hard disk, the base calculation formula is: storage capacity = magnetic head × track (cylinder) × each fan Region × Each area byte: (1) Hard disk has several discs, two faces per disk, each side of one head (2) disk is divided into multiple sector, ie sectors (3) The same disc can be circulated with different radius of the track (4) Cylindrical surface (5) formula constituted by the same radius of different discs: storage capacity = magnetic head × track (cylinder) × True number × each The sector byte (6) information record can be represented as: ×× track (cylinder), ×× magnetic head, × × sector 2. Cluster "cluster" is the minimum unit of DOS for allocation. When creating a small file, if a byte, it does not only account for only one byte space on the disk, but accounts for the entire cluster. DOS is different from different storage media (such as floppy disks, hard disks), different capacity hard drives, and the size of the cluster is different. The size of the cluster can be obtained in the disk parameter block (BPB). The concept of clusters is only applicable to the data area. This point: (1) "Cluster" is the minimum unit of DOS. (2) Different storage media, hard drives of different capacities, different DOS versions, and clusters are different. (3) The concept of clusters is only applicable to the data area. 3. Sector Number Definition: The absolute sector and the DOS sector are described above, we can use the cylindrical / magnetic head / sector to uniquely locate each area on each area, or a cylindrical / head / sector and disk Each sector has a correspondence, usually DOS will be "cylindrical / magnetic head / sector" as "absolute sector" representation. However, DOS cannot directly use the absolute sector to perform information management on the disk, but in the so-called "relative sector" or "DOS sector". "Relative sector" is just a number, such as a cylindrical surface 140, a head 3, and a relative sector number corresponding to the sector 4 2757. This number has one correspondence with the absolute sector "cylindrical / head / sector". When using a relative sector number, DOS starts from the cylindrical surface 0, the head 1, the sector 1 (Note: Cylinder 0, the head 0, the sector 1 does not have DOS sector numbers, DOS cannot be accessed, only the BIOS can only be called Access), the first DOS sector number is 0, and the remaining sector number is 1 to 16 (17 sectors per track), and then the magnetic head number is 2, the cylinder is 0 is 0. 17 fans. District, the formed DOS sector number from 17 to 33. Until all the heads of the cylinder. Then move to the cylindrical surface 1, the head 1, the sector 1 continues to perform the number of the DOS sector, that is, the DOS sector number is continuously allocated in the order of the sector number, the magnetic head number, the cylinder (track number).
Formula: Remember DH - the first DOS sector magnetic head number DC - the first DOS sector Cylinder DS - the sector number of the first DOS sector NS - per track fan area NH- - The total number of magnetic heads of the disk is a sector (Cylinder C, the head H, sector S) is: RS = NH × NS × (C-DC) NS × (H-DH) (S -DS) If RS, DC, DH, DS, NS and NH S = (RS MOD NS) DS H = (RS DIV NS) MOD NH) DH C = ((RS DIV NS) Div NH) DC Important: (1) A single number indicated by the cylindrical / magnetic head / sector is also referred to as a relatively sector or DOS sector, also known as the logic fan area number (3) relative fan. The zone and absolute sector converting formula 4. Division of DOS disk area formatted hard disk, the entire disk can be divided into main boot records (MBR: main boot record), DOS Boot Records, DOS Boot Records Record, file allocation table (FAT: File Assign Table), root directory (BD: Boot Directory), and data area. The top five important information on the outer track of the disk, the reason is that the outer ring perimeter is always greater than the inner ring, that is, the outer ring storage density is small, which is more sad. Important: (1) The entire hard drive can be divided into MBR, DBR, FAT, BD, and data area. (2) MBR, DBR, FAT, and BD are located outside the disk. 5. MBR MBR is located at the hard disk first physical sector (absolute sector) cylindrical surface 0, a magnetic head 0, sector 1. Since DOS is started by the cylinder 0, the head 1, the sector 1 starts, so the MBR does not belong to the DOS sector, and the DOS cannot directly access it. The MBR contains the main bootrics and hard disk partition tables of the hard disk. The partition table has 4 partition records. The recording area is a table that records the partition information. It is continuously stored from the main boot record offset address 01BEH, and each partition record area occupies 16 bytes. The shift meaning of the partition table entry of the partition table The shift of the byte number 00 guidance indicator 1b 01 partition boot recorded magnetic head number 1B 02 partition boot recorded sector and column 9 2b 04 system indicator 1B 05 partition end head number 1B 06 Partition End Sector and Cylinder 2b 08 Partition The total sector number 4B 0c partition in the front sector 4B 4B 4 partitions can only have one active partition, i.e., C disk. The flag is 80h at the first byte of the partition table. If 00h is not active partition.
For example: 80 01 01 00 0b fe 3f 81 3f 00 00 00 c3 dd 1f 00 00 00 01 82 05 fe bf 0c 02 de 1f 00 0e 90 61 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00. Do not belong to the DOS sector, (2) The main boot record is divided into the main bootrics and hard disk partition tables of the hard disk. 6. DBR DBR is located at the cylindrical surface 0, the head 1, sector 1, that is, a logic sector 0. DBR is divided into two parts: DOS boot procedures and BPB (BIOS parameter block). The DOS boot program completes the positioning and loading of the DOS system file (IO.SYS, MSDOS.sys), and BPB is used to describe the disk information of this DOS partition, and the BPB is located at DBR offset 0BH, a total of 13 bytes. It contains the parameters used when logically formatted, which can be used for file allocation tables on the DOS computing disk, the start address of the directory area, and the data area, and the three words after BPB provide physical format (low). The boot program or device driver converts the disk logic address (DOS sector number) into a physical address (absolute sector number) based on this information. BPB format serial number offset address meaning 1 03H-0AH OEM number 2 0BH-0CH per segment number 3 0DH per cluster sector number 4 0EH-0FH reserved sector number 5 10h FAT backup number 6 11h-12h root item 7 13H-14H Disk total sector number 8 15h Description Media 9 16H-17H Each FAT sector 10 18H-19H per track sector number 11 1AH-1BH magnetic head number 12 1CH-1FH special implied sector number 13 20h -23H total sector number 14 24h-25h physical driver number 15 26h expansion guidance visa 16 27h-2AH volume series number 17 2BH-35H volumetric number 18 36H-3DH file system number DOS boot recording formula: File allocation table ≡ retention sector Number of directory ≡ reserved sector FAT number × Each FAT sector number data area ≡ root directory logic sector number (32 × root directory 1 number of items per segment))) Dival per area bytes absolute sector number ≡ logic fan area number hidden sector sector number ≡ (absolute sector number MOD per track sector number) 1 magnetic head number ≡ (absolute sector number DIV per track sector number) MOD Diatrack number ≡ (absolute sector number DIV per track number) DIV head number points: (1) DBR is located at the cylinder 0, the head 1, sector 1, its logic sector number 0 (2) DBR includes DOS boot Program and BPB. (3) BPB is important, thereby calculating the logical address and physical address. 7. The file allocation table file allocation table is the main component of the DOS file organization structure. We know that the most basic units allocated by DOS are clusters. The file allocation table is the usage of any cluster that reflects the usage of the cluster on the hard disk.
When DOS is assigned a space to a file, the FAT is first scanned, find the first available cluster, assign the space to the file, and fill the cluster number of the cluster into the corresponding segment of the directory. That is, a "cluster chain" is formed. FAT is a table for recording file clusters. The first two fields of the FAT are reserved domains, and the FAT12 is 3 bytes, and FAT is 4 bytes. One byte of the head is used to describe the medium, the remaining bytes are FFH. The media format is the same as BPB. The first one of the 8-bit meaning: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 └───── ┘ │ │ │ ┌ 0 non-double side 1 │ │ └┤ │ │ └1 double sided │ ┌ 0 Not 8 sectors │ └┤ │ └1 is 8 sectors │ ┌ 0 is not a replaceable └┤ └1 is a replaceable FAT structure meaning FAT12 FAT16 meaning 000H 0000H Available FF0H-FF6H FFF0H-FFF6H preserved FF7H FFF7H bad FF8H- The last cluster ××× H ×××× H file next cluster of the FFFH FFF8H-FFFFH file The next cluster is an offset address for FAT16, cluster number × 2, and takes out the domain in the FAT. Logic fan area number = data area start logic sector number (clustered number -2) × per cluster cluster number = (logical fan area number - data area start logic sector number) DIV per cluster number 2 points :( 1) FAT reflects the use of all clusters on the hard disk, which records the file in the hard disk (cluster). (2) The first cluster number (in the catalog table) and the cluster number of the file of the FAT strings together to form the "cluster chain" of the file, and the destroyed file is based on this chain. (3) According to cluster number, the logical fan area number is calculated, and it can be calculated from the logical sector number, and the formula is as above. (4) After the FAT is located in DBR, its DOS sector number starts from 1. 8. The file directory file directory is another important part of the DOS file organization structure. The file directory is divided into two categories: root directory, subdirectory. There is a root directory, and there are multiple subdirectories. There can be a subdirectory in the subdirectory to form a "tree" file directory structure. The subdirectory is actually a special file, DOS assigns 32 bytes for the directory item. Directory items are divided into three categories: files, subdirectory (its content is many directory items), volume label (only in the root directory, only one. There is a file (or child directory, or volume label) name, expand Name, attribute, generated or final modification date, time, start cluster number, and file size.
Format byte Offset Meaning Used 00h File Name 8B 08H Extension 3B 0BH File Properties 1B 0ch Reserved 10B 16H Time 2B 18H Date 2B 1AH Start Cluster No. 2B 1ch File Length 4B Directory Item File Number Region There is also a special meaning: 00h represents unused 05h represents the actual name E5H EBH Represents this file has been removed by this file The byte of this byte of the item attribute area is as follows: 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 The repair sub-rolls are only used to change the target Tibetan reading labels. Subject symbols Note: The long file name of Windows uses the "retained" area mentioned in the above table. Important: (1) The file directory is to record all files, subdirectory names, extension properties, establish or delete the last modified date. A registration form of the file start cluster number and file length. (2) DIR listed in DOS is obtained according to the file catalog table. (3) File start cluster number fill in the file directory, the rest of the clusters fill in the position of the upper clusters in the FAT. Part III - A large number of useful data is stored in the hard disk of each user, and the hard disk is a taking the neutralization of the problem. In order to effectively save data in the hard disk, in addition to the data in the hard disk, however, learn how to save the hard disk during the hard disk, or extract the useful data, minimize the loss. 1. The system does not recognize that this fault is more common, that is, from the hard disk unable to start, the CMO is not entered from the A disk, and the automatic monitoring function in the CMOS cannot be found in the existence of the hard disk. This fault is mostly on the port of the connection cable or IDE, the hard disk itself has little fault, and the fault can be found quickly by replacing the hard disk cable or change the IDE port and cable or the like. If the newly connected hard drive does not admit, there is a common reason is the main slave line on the hard disk. If the hard disk is connected to the primary disk position of the IDE, the hard disk must be jumped as the main disc, and the jumper error is generally unable to detect. hard disk. 2. The correctness of the fault CMOS caused by CMOS directly affects the normal use of the hard disk, which mainly refers to the hard disk type. Fortunately, all the machines support the "ideautodeteTect" function, automatically detect the type of hard drive. When you connect a new hard drive or replace the new hard drive, you will re-set the type. Of course, the current type of motherboard can automatically identify the type of hard disk. When the hard disk type is incorrect, sometimes it is simply unable to start the system, sometimes it can be started, but read-write errors will occur. For example, the hard disk type in the CMOS is less than the actual hard disk capacity, the sector behind the hard disk will not be read or written, and if it is a multi-partition state, the individual partition will be lost. There is also an important cause of failure. Because the current IDE supports logical parameter type, the hard disk can be used in Normal, LBA, LARGE, etc. If the data is installed in the general mode, it is changed to other modes in the CMOS, and the hard disk reads and write error failures will occur because the mapping between the physical geology has changed, and the original correct hard disk will not be read. . 3, the main booting process caused by the main bootstrap, the main guidance sector of the hard disk is the most sensitive hunger in the hard disk, where the main bootstore is part of it, this program is mainly used to detect the correctness of the hard disk partition, And determine the activity partition, which is responsible for handing the guiding power to the DOS or other operating system of the active partition.
This program is damaged will not be guided from the hard disk, but the hard disk can be read from the soft area or the optical zone. Fix this fault method is simpler, using the high version of DOS's FDISK is the most convenient, when the parameter / MBR is running, replace the main boot program of the hard disk directly (rewritten) the hard disk. In fact, the main guiding sector of the hard disk is being established, and FDisk.exe contains a complete hard disk main boot program. Although the DOS version is constantly updating, the main boot program of the hard disk has not changed, from DOS3.x to the current Windos95 DOS, so you can fix this program to fix this program. 4. The partition meter error boot startup fault partition error is a serious error of the hard disk, and the extent of different errors will cause different losses. If there is no active partition flag, the computer cannot start. However, from the floppy drive or the optical drive boot system, read and write the hard disk can be repaired by FDISK reset activity partition. If a partition type is incorrect, it can cause loss of a partition. The fourth byte of the partition table is a partition type value, and the normal bootable greater than 32MB of basic DOS partition value is 06, and the extended DOS partition value is 05. If the basic DOS partition type is changed to 05, the system cannot be started and the data is not read. If 06 is changed to DOS, DOS is considered to be DOS partition, of course, unable to read. Many people use this type to implement a single partition encryption technology, restore the original correct type value, so that the partition will return to normal. There are other data in the partition table for the start or termination address of the record partition. Damage of these data will cause confusion or loss of the partition, generally unable to perform manual recovery, the only way to rewrite back by backup partition table data, or acquire partition tables from other hard drives of other same types and partition conditions Data, otherwise it will result in a permanent loss of other data. When operating the main guidance sector, a tool software such as Nu can be used, and the operation is very convenient, and the hard disk main boot sector can be read or edited. Of course, DEBUG can be used, but the operation is cumbersome and has certain risks. 5, the hard disk failure caused by the partition valid marker error has an important part in the main guiding sector of the hard disk, that is, the last two bytes: 55AAH, this word is a valid flag of the sector. When starting from a hard disk, a floppy disk or an optical zone, these two bytes will be detected, and if there is, it is considered to have a hard disk, otherwise the hard disk will not be recognized. When this flag is started from the hard disk, it will be transferred to the ROMBASIC or prompt to put the floppy disk. You cannot transfer your hard drive when you start from the floppy disk. This can be used for encryption technology of the entire hard disk. Recovery processing can be made using a DEBUG method. In addition, the DOS boot sector still has such a flag exists. When the DOS boot sector does not boot the flag, the system start will appear as: "missingOperatingsystem". Its repair method can be used by the main guiding sector repair method, but the address is different, and the more convenient method is to use the following DOS system universal repair method. 6. The start-up fault DOS boot system caused by the DOS boot system is mainly composed of DOS boot sector and DOS system files. The system files mainly include IO.SYS, MSDOS.SYS, Command.com, where commist.com is DOS's housing file, which can be replaced with other similar files, but the default state is a must-have file. In the DOS system carried in the Windows95, MSDOS.sys is a text file that is the file that starts Windows. But this file can be used when only DOS is started. However, when DOS boots, you can boot the system from a floppy disk or an optical disk, and then use the SYSC: Transfer system to repair the fault, including the boot sector and system files to be automatically fixed to normal. 7. The FAT table caused by the read and write fault FAT table records the storage address of the hard disk data, and each file has a set of connected FAT chains to specify the cluster address of its storage. The damage to the FAT table means the loss of the file content.
Fortunately, the DOS system itself provides two FAT tables. If the FAT table currently used is damaged, the second is overwritten. However, due to the length of the FAT table of different specifications, the address of the second FAT table is not fixed, so the correct position must be found correctly, and some tool software such as NU, such a repair function, use also Very convenient. This operation can also be implemented using Debug, ie, the second FAT table can be moved to the first table with its m command. If the second FAT table is also damaged, the hard disk cannot be restored to the original state, but the data of the file is still stored in the data area of the hard disk, and can be repaired by the Chkdsk or Scandisk command, and finally get the * .chk file, This is a sector data that is lost. If you are a text file, you can extract and merge the full file. If it is binary data file, it is difficult to recover a complete file. 8. The directory table corruption caused by the guiding fault catalog table records data such as file names in the hard disk, and the most important one is the startup cluster number of the file. Due to the automatic backup function, if the directory is damaged Lost a lot of files. A method of reducing loss is also a method of using the above CHKDSK or ScanDisk program. From the hard disk, the CHK file is searched by the catalog, the first cluster is lost, and the CHK file formed in the case where FAT is corrupted. Compare complete file data, each CHK file is a complete file that recovers most files to the original name. 9. Frequetting Data Recovery When the partition is removed, after deleting the hard disk partition with FDisk, the surface phenomenon is that the data in the hard disk has completely disappeared, and the invalid drive will be displayed when not formatted. If you understand the working principle of FDISK, you will know that fdisk just rewrote the contents of the main guiding sector (0 side 0 1 sector) of the hard disk. Specifically, it is to delete the hard disk partition table information, and the data of any partition in the hard disk has not changed, and the repair method of the above-mentioned partitioned table error can be restored to restore the partition table data to restore the original partition, but This is limited to the divided partition or rebuild the partition. If the partition is formatted with Format, after restoring the partition, restore the partition data in the following method. 10. The recovery of the misused hard disk data is in the DOS High Version Status, formatting Format has established a disk information for recovery formatting in the default. It is actually a DOS boot sector, FAT partition of the disk. All contents of the table and catalog table are copied into the last sector of the disk (because the rear sector is rarely used), and the content in the data area has not changed. This allows the original file allocation table and catalog table by running "unformatc:" to complete the recovery of the hard disk information. In addition, DOS also provides a miror command to record the information of the current disk, which is more efficient after formatting or deleting, this method is also more effective. Hard Disk Basic Knowledge Chapter 11 Compatible or Combined Fault First, this type of fault is mainly due to the soft and hardware failure caused by users to add third-party soft and hardware devices. Such faults have been partially referred to in several of the previous types of failures, so some faults may be similar to the fault judgment introduced in the previous example. Second, possible fault phenomena 1, after installing users, the system is unstable, such as crash or restart, etc .; 2, the device installed by the user does not work properly; 3. The application of users cannot work properly. 4, the user needs to be configured in the liberal machine (if you need to install a large capacity memory, you need multiple serial ports, etc.). Third, you may involve all possible hungering or software of Ning Ning. But the number of tamper that affects third-party applications should be: motherboard, CPU, memory, display card, and new interface peripherals.
Fourth, judgment points / order 1, environmental inspection 1) Check the production process of external equipment board, etc. For process rough board or equipment, it is easy to cause black screen, power supply, unstable, unstable; 2) Check addition The memory module is the same model with the original memory module. Different models will cause compatibility problems, causing operational instability, crashing, etc.; the other is to pay attention to the settings in the BIOS; 3) Canning or append the teachings, such as CPU, hard disk, etc. Need to make the rest of the housing. More than new, Ning Ning or the older, the older, will be incompatible with the original configuration. Such as: Older Chun Ning does not support power management, so that the system is running, it will work abnormally when using such a hunger, or make the entire system not working properly. 2. Troubleshooting points 1) After booting, you should first check the new updated or appended hunning Ning, whether you can appear in the configuration list before the system starts. If it is not, it should be checked and its technical specifications; 2) If there is no phenomenon, run unstable or crash, etc., you should remove the update or append the neutral Ning or the equipment, see if the system is restored to the normal working state, And carefully study new equipment, taking the technological manual of Ning Ning, understanding the installation and configuration method; 3) If the applied equipment cannot be installed properly, it should look at its technical manual to understand the correct installation method, technical requirements, etc., and use the latest version Drivers. If you can't resolve, you should check the working situation of the Qual Liao 系统 系统 系统; 4) Check the phenomenon of new additional or update picking and the original taking the time to share resources, that is, taking the corresponding call Ning's resource checks whether the fault disappears, can be used to replace the installed slot position, or change the resource allocation in the BIOS; 5) Check if compatibility issues due to BIOS, this can pass Update the BIOS to check (note that you don't necessarily have the latest version or higher, you can reduce the version check); 6) View the jumper settings of the additional picking hinges, and make the necessary setup modification; 7) For more Old board or software should pay attention to whether it is not working properly due to speed mismatch; check whether the fault disappears by changing the settings or services in the system. Such as power management services, device parameters modification, etc .; 9) Check if the original software and hardware has poor performance, that is, by replacing hardware or shielding the original software. 9. Physical Drive and Logic Drive Physical Drive Refers to the actual installed drive. The logical drive is generated after formatting the physical drive. Important: Ib. Hard disk logic locks before talking about specific solutions, first tells why hard drives that are locked by the Logic Lock, why cannot be launched by ordinary approach: Computer will search for all logical discs when booting the DOS system, When DOS is booted, first go to the partition table information of the main guiding sector, where the OBEH address of the first sector of the hard disk is started, and when the partition information starts to be 80h, it is the master. Boot partition, other extension partitions, the main boot partition is defined as a logical disk C disk, then find the logical disk of the extended partition, is defined as a D disk, and find E, F, G ... "logic in this class. Lock "is here, modify the normal main boot partition record to point the first logical disk of the extension partition to yourself, DOS Find the first logical disk when starting, and look for the next logic disk. In this way, it has formed a dead cycle, which is the reason why the floppy drive, the optical drive, and the double hard drive cannot be started. In fact, this "logical lock" just uses DOS to start a small defect at startup, so many masters are helpless.
I know the "Logic Lock" principle, it is easier to unlock it. I saw that there was a friend who had a "hot plug" hard disk power supply method: Just when the system started, do not insert the locked hard disk in the power cord, wait for the startup to complete "hot plug" On the power line, if the hard disk is not burned, the system can control the hard drive. Of course, this is a very dangerous way, don't try it easily, here is two more simple and secure processing methods. Method 1: Modify the DOS startup file First prepare a DOS6.22 system disk, take DEBUG, PCTOOLS5.0, FDISK and other tools. Then on a normal machine, use the binary editing tools you are familiar with the binary editing tool (DEBUG, PCTOOLS5.0, or UltraEdit bank under Windows) to modify the IO.SYS file on the floppy disk (remember to remember the property of the file as Normal), specifically search the first "55AA" string in this file, find it to change to any other value. Use this modified system floppy disk you can start with the locked hard drive. However, since the normal partition table of the hard disk has been modified by the hacker program, you can't use fdisk to delete and modify the partition, and still unable to start the system with a normal boot disk, then you can use Debug to manually recover. Handmade hard disk steps using debugs are as follows: A: /> Debug -a -xxxx: 100 MOV AX, 0201 Read a sector content - xxxx: 103 MOV BX, 500 Set a cache address -Xxxx: 106 MOV CX, 0001 Set The first hard disk hard disk pointer-xxxx: 109 MOV DX, 0080 read zero head -XXXX: 10C INT 13 hard disk interrupt -XXXX: 10E INT 20 -XXXX: 0110 exit program returns to indicator -g run -D500 view run The content of the 500 Address This time, the content of the address 6be will find the information of the hard disk partition. Discover the extension partition of this hard disk points to yourself, which makes DOS or Windows to find the hard disk logic disk into the dead cycle, in the Debug indicator E command modifying the memory data as follows: E6BE XX.0 XX.0 xx.0 ................................... ................................. 55 AA 55 AA indicates the effective mark of the hard disk, do not modify, XX0 means Change the previous data "XX" to 0 and then use the hard disk interrupt 13 to write the modified data to the hard disk, specifically: A: /> Debug A 100 Represents the assembly instruction of the 100 address - xxxx: 100 MOV AX 0301 Write a hard disk A sector -XXXX: Here directly press Enter-G run -Q exit and then run FDISK / MBR (reset the boot program of the hard disk boot sector), then restart your computer. how about it? Use this method to deal with simple enough? And this approach has a benefit to keep the data on the disk! If you don't need to protect the data, there is a simpler processing method: Method 2: Set BIOS, unlocking with DM, knowing that DM software does not rely on the hard disk of the motherboard BIOS, (so do not recognize big hard drives The old motherboard can also be installed using a large-capacity hard disk). Even if the hard disk is set to "None" in the BIOS, DM can also identify and process the hard disk. First you have to find the DM software that is supported with the hard drive (find JS or go online), then copy the DM to a system disk.
