From China Financial Network: http://www.zgjrw.com/news/200472/main/2195f2065.asp
Key to the key to the interpretation of bank reform
The banking reform is circa the clarity of property rights, introduces the company's governance structure, and the three major hotspots listed on the stock system. Some people think that corporate governance structure is key. When we uncover the corporate governance structure, it is not difficult to find it, and it is also the key to this key.
Compared with other industries, the biggest difference between banking industry is that capital and products are currency, and the main assets come from liabilities, and it is wide. Asset Quality is the risk of banks, financial management cannot directly reflect asset conditions, monitoring information lags, which is a huge moral risks. Once there is hidden exposure, it is too late, sometimes even catastrophic. Banks have pointed out that banks should strengthen internal control and reduce risks, especially emphasize the three pillars, the minimum capital provision, supervision and inspection and market discipline of the supervision authorities. However, the current exposure of banks is mainly due to the violation of the internal control, so the bank's corporate governance structure must be placed first in the controller's factors. Western developed countries have also not solved this problem. The management structure of the United States has also had significant changes from the late 1980s to the early 1990s. It is mainly controlled by manager, and is not subject to supervision and restriction. Supervise the management structure of the manager layer [1].
(One)
Control, supervision cannot fully expect rational institutional measures, but also have binding environments to ensure that the same system is different due to the environment, and its implementation will be completely different. A binding environment is a psychological environment. He refers to: people will see different sights in the same physical environment. Topological psychologist Le Tong also called the environment. His example said: "For example, a child knows his mother is not at home, and his behavior in the garden is different, but we can't assume that the mother is in the family's consciousness" [2 . In fact, the mother's consciousness is not always existed at home, but the excited fear is a certain delay, and fear is reflected in the environment, this is the result of "emotional migration" [3]. Mother's majesty, causing the response of children's fear emotions, due to emotional migration, fear emotions will move to surroundings. When the mother is not at home, the garden is an active environment, and the grass is a vividness. It is a scene that teasing you; when the mother is at home, the garden has become a strict environment, and the grass is a serious, It is a silent scene. The business constraint mechanism is for the operator, it is to make a "mother at home" governance environment. However, in reality, operators tend to be tested by higher levels. This concept is from supervision. Due to the next level of enterprises left the sight scope of the servant of the previous level, it is difficult to monitor real-time monitoring. At this time, the last level of management hopes to use two different functions to divide, to achieve the purpose of mutual balance. In fact, although the owner represents the owner from rational, it deprives the "office supplies" representative of the owner - awareness. For the mother, the fear of the fear is from the right to supervise, and the fear of the company is coming from the right to avoid. Because individuals need to have a sense of fear because of personal needs, people have a sense of fear, and they are migrated to someone. This talent is identified as a real leader. Furthermore, the fear of building a leader will migrate to the environment. Therefore, the leadership of the fear is in the enterprise, the environment of the company is a binding environment, and there is no avatter leader only the leader of the name. Even if he has been in the enterprise, the company's environment is also unconstrained. The operator works in the environment where the sense of crisis, the manager's position is only a profession, a way to make a living, must always maintain a good performance to prevent the fried squid, and then there is no effort to win the power, so there is no power talk. The corporate governance structure has spawned the "operator to work for the owner, the owner's representative of employees and shareholders work". Only when the privileges become the employees, employees and shareholders to truly become the owner of the company, the company can really realize self-constraints. His principles are actually equivalent to real-time supervision of the pre-level institutions to perform in real time, and will become a regular examination of the annual examination of one year or a few years. Not only that, but the same business will see more risks in a pressure-based environment, and there is a rare risk or no risk in an environment without pressure. Normal pressure is conducive to the operator's less mistakes, and more results are also good for physical and mental health. Restricting a qualified proxy executor. At this point, people still can't rest assured that after the operator returns to the owner, will the operator will become the 傀儡 of the owner's representative? In fact, the operator can perform the intentions of the execution of the owner, just explain the control is effective. This kind of doubts say that it is not as worried for the operator, it is better to say that it is not faithful to the representative. This fear is from a large number of unfaithful experiences in reality. The unfaithful reason is to violate another psychological principle, which is caused by multiple roles. (two)
The faithful "agent watchman" needs to rely on a single honorary role. The theory of "role principle" revealed: Individuals in real society, like actors in the drama stage, have their own social status or social identity. Kun believes: "Personally form their own action plan according to his role and position in the group, and his attitude is in this action plan" [4]. His questionnaire study on "What person" shows that the answer on social status and role accounts for the main status, and there is very little answer to personal characteristics. People can self-curb my own desire when implementing the honorary role, and Freud also believes: "Some of the people's ability to be accommodated by social customs, habits, morality, laws, etc. It is often desirable, - Desire concession, desire can only be suppressed to unintentionally "[5]. The doctor's role gives a rescue wound, the role of the warrior gives an execution order, the captain's role gives the same life and death. Many professionalists are dangerous, but they do not have property rights. Therefore, the role driving force can be greater than the property, or it can be greater than life, or even higher than love. In fact, the honorary role is also from "unconscious". Unlike Freud, the unconscious "quality" is not natural, but the innate emotional business and the post-training, training is hidden in "emotional memory" [6]. Potential quality. It is like a long scroll, and the usual bits are summarized into different chapters recorded on the psychological template. When a similar situation is encountered, the corresponding emotion in which the search is retrieved is in an instant, and the corresponding emotion is supplied to position, thereby making a corresponding reflection. Since this reflection process is instantially completed, there is no need to think, so Freudism called it unconventional. In the collective, it is not a group, but the collective does not have a role. In scenarios without character positioning, people cannot control the correct use chapters, can only be exposed to nature. Therefore, there will be many reflections in people who have a scene, some becomes a stopper, and some have become a bystander. Some have become a looter. Most of the roses are mostly regretted for their own behaviors afterwards. In fact, they are only the excitation of the criminal psychologists, and the low-level chapters of unconscious are called. If the looter at that time is given a guardian role, although each person uses the content in the chapter, it will be a burglar content in this chapter, so it will be faithful (for normal people. ), You can reflect the level of levels. "Role Principle" tells us that a person can take different roles in different scenarios. It is the buyer in front of the seller. It is a seller in front of the buyer; it is the leader in front of the subordeller. However, in the same category, it cannot be used as two different roles, otherwise it will cause role conflicts and roles. The owner represents the retreat of the guardian, and the operator is a manager character, which is a constraint and restricted relationship. At the same time, the double role is created in these two positions, which must cause roles and character conflicts. Role conflicts and roles must cause the guardian to be unfaithful, even sliding toward the opposite side of the guardian. In realities, there is a lot of deviations in reality, they are not directly managed by external direct; it is to let owners represent the operator. The former violates the company law, but also makes the owner lose the control of operators; the latter still does not build ownership representatives. People are not unfamiliar with the company's governance structure, but the above two "same" "same-in-shaped body" that seems to be corporate governance structure leads to great governance differences. Like the same "same" in diamond, graphite and amorphous bodies, although the elements constituting their elements are the same, only diamonds show extraordinary strength. It is the "same kind of isotine" in the company's governance structure, which has returned to the administrative old road after entering the company. (three)
The key to improving corporate efficiency is to introduce corporate governance structure, and the key to the company's structure is a single representative role and representative control. Property rights constitutes only organizational role, and listing only enriches the capital role, and they have no relationship with efficiency. The key understanding of the company's governance structure is not enough, and the issue will be transferred to clarity, stock listing and improvement system. Advocating property rights clear, I want someone to care about the company. In fact, some people who care about the company are there. In addition to the investor wants to care, the company's service object also wants to care; the employee of the company wants to care about the cooperation unit of the company also want to care; the residents around the company want to care, the community wants to care. I hope more companies are beneficial to society. The problem is that if it is allowed to exist in the phenomenon, the executor does not want people to care. Workers have more precious things than property rights. They care about their business as their shareholders, even if the employees have paid their stocks and become shareholders, there will be any improvement. Countless facts prove that the leadership of the company is not returning to employees, so I can only love hate and listen to the heavens. If the public servant can't be responsible for the owner, what is the public servant; if the owner gives power to the public servant, the public servant also gave the owner, but what is the public servant. In fact, the agent who lost the control, the property rights are clear and not good. Even if the business of the two people's joint venture, if the ownership and operation of the management are handed over to one of them, then this person can legally profit legally in any part of the operation, and a loss in the company's account. Even a personal private bank develops to a certain scale or it will encounter a proxy problem. Because of their branch and subsidiaries are not their own, this confusion is the so-called "big enterprise". Enterprises need real property agents. Controlled agents will not only refuse all aspects of opinion, but also take the initiative to seek all aspects, because this is the foundation of the agent, so in this way can only participate in the management of the enterprise. Promoting banks is to accept social constraints from this time, and change investment methods to avoid being invaded. The theoretical community has such an explanation, equity or right, as long as the transfer of transfer is mastered to the company's sink. In fact, this idea is just a cover, self-deception. Once the funds become a stock, shareholders lose their rights. If it is put into a company that has no mechanism, the agent will lose money to discuss with the stockholders. It is still a stock that the shareholders who have been in place is that the shareholders and shareholders are coming to me, and the agent has not changed in the essence of the stockholders. Perfecting the system is the last guess. Some of the bank reforms of the first line, clear property rights, stocks listed, and ownership and management rights are also divided, but the efficiency is not improved. There is only one explanation in the rest, the system is not in place. Then why did the same company charter generate two distinctive governance situations? In fact, the good system must also have execution, and the institution of the meeting of the meeting, only play a role in companies with constraint mechanisms, and the system is only a piece of formation for unconstrained mechanisms. Any system can be changed in an environment without accruid. We all believe that it is not a representative of its own assets. On the contrary, the entrusted agent is to solve the representative problem. There is no guardian to take the tube, and the property of the person directly intervene is not a representative, and the judicial explanation is to occupy others. The legal intrudum is not more advantageous than illegal intrusion, the opposite hazard may be larger. We have long confused the concept of intrudum and representatives. Like the consequences of the receipt of the whole right, like the race of the event, you can swing anywhere on both faces of protection and invasion, you will see the inner quality of each person. In this case, although there is also a successful example, that is just a personality, it is not the credit of governance. Therefore, the property rights are clear, vague, is not the key, the key is to have representatives; the ownership representative of the elected, the delegation is also good, nor is it substantial, and it is necessary to have control.
The representative to be owner must have two conditions: 1, do not participate in the operation, 2. It is binding to the operator; it is necessary to have two conditions: 1, there must be complete management, including People, financial, and objects. 2, must be hired directly by the owner. Because, only human rights in many leadership is true binding. People are not ordinary people, but also people who feel them. The rational system should adapt to the human sensibility world to truly role. The company's governance structure is from the wrong summary of the "modern enterprise system", only the appearance of the "modern enterprise system", not substantially. Make the elements of it can be equivalent to: "Property is clear - no representative, two power separation - no size, clear responsibilities - no restriction, scientific management - no secondary." Therefore, the true governance factor of "Modern Enterprise System" should be: "Ownership has representatives, management rights have leadership, and there is an incentive". Governance factors are the key to bank reform, as long as they implement these three elements, bank reforms will no longer be confused. [1] http://news.xinhuaet.com/fortune/2004-01/05/content_1260541.htm Liang Xiaomin "Waquel Company Governance Structure" Xinhua Net; 60-6 [2] Kurd? Le Wen "Topology Psychology Principle "20th century psychology] Zhejiang Education Publishing House published 1997.09; 18-10 [3] Lu Jiaxu Wei Qing An Li Qi editor" Psychology "- Basic Theory and Its Education Application Century Publishing Group Shanghai People's Publishing House published Shanghai Shaoxing Road 54 No. 2000.01; 305-27 [4] Hu Ximu Director "China Encyclopedia" graphic data CD, Director of the Psychology Editorial Committee Pan Wei China University of International Publishing House published in Beijing Xicheng District, Yuchengmen North Street, Beijing 1999.01 .28; (Symbol interaction theory); 80-20 [5] Yang Xinhui, editor "Psychology Tong History" Shandong Education Press Publishing 2000, 11; Fourth Volume; 437-13 [6] Chen Qunheng Ma Jianxia editor of "New Psychology" (textbook) Beijing Normal University Press 1995.08; 73-4 source: China Finance net / author: Changzhou suburb association chairman Huahong Ping Note: This article quoted from China's financial network, the authors another way, from The perspective of psychology to explain the three elements of bank reform, it is refreshing! There is also a good role in the management of software companies and other companies.
