High school student technology learning psychology
Ordinary High School Technology Curriculum Standard is generated in a certain historical context, its development must take into account the needs of technical courses in social development and education reforms, and consider the characteristics of technical courses and their psychology. Because, whether it is the target establishment of technical courses, content selection, or structural arrangements for technical courses, teaching implementation is inseparable from psychology theoretical support. In psychology research, student learning psychology is an extremely important part. The study of learning psychology is not limited to the disclosure, description, and understanding of the learning phenomenon of learning. It is also based on the understanding of learning phenomena, and promotes the ultimate goals of students' development. Because only to understand the psychological law of students 'learning, the psychological mechanism of students learned, revealing the internal and external factors affecting students' learning, in order to create favorable conditions for students, in order to provide scientific basis for the implementation of the course goals and the development of students.
First, technical learning psychology
Technical learning psychology refers to the psychological phenomena produced by students in the process of learning technology. Technical learning psychology is very complicated, here only in the two aspects of understanding process and personality psychological characteristics.
(1) The process of technical learning
The understanding of technical learning includes perception, thinking and imagination.
In technical study, students' perception of technical objects is the premise of students to obtain technical knowledge and abilities, and observation is the main way for students to obtain technical perception. Due to the enhancement of self-control ability, high school students will make observation activities in accordance with established purposes, and in view of observation activities, high school students can pay attention to the details of the resolution, and can extract essential characteristics from the observation object; In addition, due to the continuous enhancement of the will, the level of self-control levels is gradually improved, and high school students can observe some things for a long time. As an important part of cognitive ability, high school students' observation development provides a rich raw material for high school students with technical knowledge and capacity. By observing, high school students can not only provide material for obtaining technical knowledge and capacity, but also promote the further development of observation capabilities, making observations higher, more powerful, and more selective.
In technical learning psychology, thinking activities is the most advanced psychological process and is also the main form of intelligence. Thinking is generally divided into image thinking and logical thinking.
Image thinking is a kind of thinking form using an intuitive image in an impression or a processed image. Even a more abstract concept, when understanding, the image reflected in this concept will often be recalled. Image of one or certain specific things reflected. For example, when students see the word "technology", there will be technologies such as TV, refrigerator, air conditioning, computer, automotive, etc., which may also appear as a television mark, such as ancient technology. , Modern technology, modern technology, etc. In addition, there will be technologies as industry names, such as electronic technology, building technology, clothing technology, food technology, etc. It is worth mentioning that these specific appearances are very beneficial to students understand and summarize the concept of "technology".
Logical thinking is more abstract, it is the advanced stage of human thinking activities, the most important part of human intelligence. In the high school stage, the ability of students to use concepts, reasoning, logic rules has developed, can be analyzed, comprehensively, new judgments on the basis of judgment, but is still in the stage of empirical theoretical transition.
In addition, the dialectical thinking of high school students has also developed rapidly. Specific performance in their ability to consider technical problems through various technical phenomena, it has not met the maturity phase; Creative thinking has also been developed, and the specific method of high school can think about solving technical problems from different angles.
In addition to perception, thinking, imagination is also an important part of the knowledge process of technical learning. In high school, the intentional imagination of students quickly developed, and can be imagined around the predetermined purpose, according to the needs of real life, some technical small invention and technology are made. In addition, due to the development of dialectical thinking and the continuous development of the profoundness of thinking, high school students' imagination also become abstract, reality, and, and, the level of creative imagination has also improved significantly. (2) Personality psychological characteristics of technical learning
Confucius: "The people who know are not as good as those who are good, the good people are not as good as those who are happy." Einstein also said: "Love is the best teacher." Interest refers to a person is happy to contact and understand something Psychological tendency, great power. Psychology research shows that interest is the most powerful power, it is an energy regulator. When an individual is put into the activities of your own interest, he needs to be satisfied, thereby producing a positive emotional experience, and that is, it produces a negative emotional experience.
As an integral part of human civilization, any technique is still full of humanities while condensing a certain scientificity, and in this time, students are curious and explore. Therefore, technical courses can stimulate students' learning technology. In the technical study process, this interest constitutes an important reason for the production of student activity. It can stimulate students' currency, broaden students' eyes, and promote students to actively engage in creative technical activities, and cultivate students' positive emotions of technologies. Students 'life taste, improve students' aesthetic ability.
The motivation is the internal force of an excitation action, which has the effect of launching, maintaining and continuing individual activity. Due to knowledge experience, self-consciousness of self-consciousness has greatly improved, high school students have developed from external motives as the main movement. Moreover, students can be in motivation, affecting their behavior, and pointing them to the final goal. In addition, due to the basic maturity of high school students' thinking ability, the worldview has been initially formed, so that they can stand in a new height, connect their own learning, life and future, combine their goals with the goal of society. Therefore, the realism and long-term power of the motivation have been greatly enhanced. From short-term, narrow motives are much more far, and reality motivation. This motive development situation enables students to concentrate their efforts in technical learning, greatly improve learning efficiency.
Students may feel hard in the process of technical study. However, after completing a technical task, their hearts will be full of sense of accomplishment and satisfaction. In addition, technical learning is a complex labor combined with a brain, sometimes the students will have difficulty in fear. At this time, the strong willpower can re-encourage the difficulties when the students want to retreat in the technical study, and continue to get the courage. At the same time, students' frustration will also be improved. The quality will also be optimized. The will will gradually be conscious, decisive, self-made and toughness.
Second, the psychological study on the technical learning process
(1) Technical learning is a process of combining observations, experiment, design, production, communication, evaluation, etc.
Technical courses are a strong course, technology learning, which is inseparable from personally observation, hands-on test, and also inseparable from communication and evaluation. Through the acquisition, processing, management, expression and communication of information, through technology design, production and evaluation, students' technical knowledge will be greatly rich, and the skills will be developed to be developed, emotion, attitude values.
(2) The process of technical learning is a process of problem solving
People's thinking activities are always from the beginning, the process of learning is a process of solving problems. The nature of technology also shows us that technology is a problem solving activity, and the problem to be solved by technology is how to meet people's needs. This inquiries, technical learning is also a process of problem solving. In the process of using technology to solve problems, students will master the ideas and methods of solving problems and raise their problems, solve problems; give full play to personal imagination and creativity, and constantly develop their own personality in innovation practice. (3) The process of technical learning is a creation process
Creating a high performance of human wisdom is the inexhaustible motive force of social development. The history of human civilization is a history of constant creation and continuous progress. From scientists' creation invented the innovation exploration in the youth students, they are regarded by psychologists as creation. However, it is not difficult to understand that these creations are different. For high school students, new, unique insights, small invention, small production can be regarded as a kind of creation, or innovation.
In the era of knowledge economy and the information, the society is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. It is experiencing an abnormal change and reform today, and bravely develop and innovate more common topics for global development. "Innovation is a soul of a national progress. It is a prosperous power of the country. A nation that has no innovation ability is difficult to stand in the world of the world." my country is currently proposed to cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability Education is embarrassing such an education orientation. Technical education is naturally no exception. Moreover, the essence of technology is to create, technical courses are one to create a course of core. Therefore, the process of student learning technology will also be an innovative process. In this process, through a completion of a design task, a technical problem explore, students' creative thinking ability, creative imagination, creating quality, innovative spirit, and innovation capabilities will be continuously developed.
Third, the revelation of several learning theories
(1) Constructivism learning theory and its revelation
Constructivism is another progress in the field of psychology after cognitiveism, it is formed on the basis of Piajie et al. It has analyzed "what is the essence of learning activities", its main point of view is:
1. Book knowledge is not absolute truth, it is also in the continuous development, so knowledge itself needs to be rebuilt.
2. Learners are not empty, they have gradually formed awareness of various phenomena in their past studies, and they have nothing to know. In addition, learners also have the ability to use existing knowledge experience to restructuring and changing their cognitive structures. Therefore, learning is the process of learners' proactive construction, that is, learners are not passively accepting information, but actively construct a new knowledge on the basis of the original knowledge.
3. Learning is situational, that is, learning is more conducive to learners to get awareness, master skills and development. Therefore, constructivism advocates the construction of problem situations to help students live in the process of solving knowledge, and have changed knowledge to solve problems.
The enlightenment of constructivism is: First, in the process of technical study, it is necessary to move and make full use of students 'knowledge experience, and use these experiences as students' learning resources, so that students will no longer feel strange to technology. And fear; secondly, we must actively create problems, showing the exploration process of solving problems with experts in realities, to start students 'thinking, stimulate students' curware, so that students are easier to solve the problem Technical knowledge, master technical skills, development technology exchange and evaluation.
(2) Discover learning theory and its revelation
Bruj believes that students' learning is the process of exploring students, explores, discovery, and then achieve new knowledge. The process of student learning is a process of constantly discovering. Therefore, Bruna's learning theory is also known as discovering learning theory. According to this theory, we don't have to make the following conclusions: Technical courses should provide students to provide experts to discover technical principles, principles, and learn opportunities to find ways, so that students understand techniques in the process of personality, personal practice. Technology, close technology. (3) Multi-intelligence theory and its revelation
US psychologist Gardner puts forward multi-intelligence theory, its main point of view is that people's intellectual structure is diverse, everyone has speech intelligence, math logic intelligence, space intelligence, physical movement intelligence, music intelligence, interpersonal relationship intelligence Self-understanding intelligence, natural observers intelligence and other seven kinds of intelligence. Most people will have some differences in these intelligence, some smarts are more developed, some are more common, and some may not be developed. But in any case, smart can be improved by learning.
Technical courses are courses in columns, speech exchange, physical exercise, self-awareness equal to one. Therefore, in view of different students, the evaluation of the technical courses cannot be "mastered how much knowledge" as a limited standard for all students. In addition to evaluating students' academic performance, students should be evaluated by students' participation in the enthusiasm, learning attitude, etc. of the technical study, so that all students can see their progress in the evaluation process, and thereby enhance students' self-confidence. In addition, due to the individual differences in the development of students, different students are easy to form each other, so they have to organize students to cooperate. Cooperative learning is convenient for students to observe each other, imitating, help students discuss each other, helps to motivate each other, spur, and ultimately make all students can get comprehensive and personally develop.
