BGP (Border Gateway Protocol): Border Gateway Protocol. External gateway protocols for communication between different autonomous system routers, as EGP alternatives. The switching network between the BGP system can reach the information. This information includes all paths in the autonomous system AS that must be passed through these networks, and constructs a library diagram through which the autonomous system link is deleted according to the connection diagram, and set the selection policy.
AS (AutoMous System): Autonomous System. In the routing protocol, a series of routers and networks managed under the same agencies are called autonomous systems. Different mechanisms can use different routing algorithms; however, all routers in the same autonomous system use the same router protocol to facilitate the interchange of various routers in the autonomous system to maintain mutual connectivity.
A R PA N e t (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency Network): (US) Department of Defense Senior Program Office, That is, Apa.com. In October 1968, the US Department of Defense Senior Program Bureau and BBN have signed a contract to develop a network that is suitable for computer communication. The first phase of work was completed in June 1969, which formed four tested networks called Arpanet. It is recognized as a network in the world to build a group exchange technology. In the summer of 1975, the Arpanet ended in the test phase, and the network control was handed over to the US Department of Defense Communications (DCA), and DCA formed a US National Defense Data Network (DDN) based on ARPANET. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): The address resolution protocol is responsible for the completion of mapping between network addresses and data link layer addresses. The 32-bit IP address to any data link layer address is completed in the TCP / IP protocol (usually 48-bit Ethernet address). The protocol requests packets by broadcasting the ARP to find a computer with the IP address carried in the message, returns its own data link layer address to the sender through the ARP reply message after receiving the computer.
API (Application Programming Interface): Application Programming Interface, the system is located between the application and the next layer network service, which usually uses Sockets and TLI (TRANSPORT LAYER Interface) as an application programming interface for TCP / IP protocols.
Ack (Acknowledgment): The confirmation flag in the TCP header confirms the accepted TCP packet.
IP (Internet Protocol) means: Internet protocol. The IP protocol is used to connect multiple package switched networks. It transmits a message called a datagram before the source address and destination address, which also provides a reasons for data size to accommodate different network pairs. The requirements of the package size. The IP protocol responsibility is to transfer data from the source to the destination. It is not responsible for ensuring the completion of transfer reliability, stream control, package order, and other services. IP implementation two basic functions: addressing and segmentation.
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Internet Packet Access Protocol. It is currently the fourth edition. When the email client software is running on a notebook (accessed internet and email through slow phone line), IMAP4 allows users to selectively download email, even just download some emails. IMAP4 can implement client (such as Outlook Express / Foxmail et al.) To the folder between the server and its contents, and allow the use of mailboxes as an information storage tool.
IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol): Internal Gateway Protocol. It is a dynamic distance vector routing protocol, which is designed by Cisco's 1980s. Use a combined user configuration scale, including delay, bandwidth, reliability, and load. By default, IGRP sends a route update broadcast every 90 seconds, within 3 update cycles (ie 270 seconds), no route is not accessible from the first router from the routing. After 7 update cycles are 630 seconds, the software removes routes from the routing table. (Internet Group Management Protocol): Internet Group Management Protocol. A sub-protocol of the TCP / IP protocol, allows the Internet host to participate in multicast, that is, the IP host used as a protocol to report a multi-purpose group of adjacent multi-purpose routers. Multi-purpose routers are routers that support multicast, send IGMP queries to the local network. The host answers the query by sending an IGMP report. The multicast router is responsible for forwarding the multicast package to the multicast members in all networks.
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force): Internet Project Special Team. At the end of 1985, its main task is to be responsible for the development of Internet related technical specifications. IETF does not have a Council and a member, and there is no strict member concept. IETF is an international civil society, which is a self-participation and management of experts who contribute to Internet technology engineering and development. It brings together network designers, operators, and researchers related to Internet architecture evolution and Internet stability operation, and is open to all people interested in the industry. Anyone can register for meetings of the IETF. The IETF Conference is held three times a year, and the scale is more than a thousand people. A large number of technical work of IETF is completed by various working groups inside. These working groups are set up by different categories such as routes, transmission, security, etc. The exchange of IETF is mainly conducted in the mailing group set up in various working groups, which is the main way of work of IETF.
IESG (Internet Engineering STEERING Group): Internet Engineering Guidance Team of INTERNET. IESG is responsible for the technical management of IETF activities and standard development procedures, approves or corrects the research results of IETF working groups, and has the final termination of the working group to ensure that non-working groups are accurate when they have requested annotation documents (RFC). .
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering): (US) Electrical and Electronic Engineer Association. In 1963, the US Electrical Engineer Society (AIEE, founded in 1884) and the Radius Engineer Society (IRE, established in 1912). Headquartered in New York, USA. The 1999 member is 350,000, which is distributed in 150 countries and regions, is an international academic organization. It is made up of professionals engaged in electrical engineering, electronics and related fields, divided into ten areas and 206 local branches, with 31 technical committees. IEEE's standard formulation is: electrical and electronic equipment, test methods, original devices, symbols, definitions, and test methods.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): File Transfer Protocol. Is a protocol for transferring files in the TCP / IP environment. Usually the user on the client removes the file from the remote server. FTP is the core component of each TCP / IP system, implemented in application layer relative to the OSI protocol model. Its operation is based on the Telnet program and TCP protocol. FTP is used on many computer systems, which is a public protocol for system file transfer.
HDLC (High-Level Data Link Control): Advanced Data Link Control is a data link layer protocol that transmits data in synchronous online, a bit-oriented data link layer protocol, which is developed by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). HDLC is a bit-oriented, transmitted data consists of binary data, there is no special control code, but the information in the frame contains control and response commands. Supports full-duplex transmission with a higher throughput rate. HDLC is suitable for point-to-point and multi-point (multiplexed or one-to-many) connections. The subset of HDLC is used to X. 25, ISDN and Frame Relay Network Provide signaling and control data links. IAB (Internet Architecture Board): Internet Architecture Committee. In 1979, in order to coordinate and guide the INTERNET protocol and architecture, ARPA forms an informal committee, the Internet Control and Configuration Committee (ICCB: Internet Control and Configuration Board). In 1983, Arpa Reorganization ICCB, established a new working group called the Internet Architecture Board (IAB: Internet Architecture Board), which determines the direction and coordinates the development of TCP / IP protocols, and decides which protocols are included in TCP / IP protocol, formulate official policies. IAB consists of more than a dozen task groups. Each member of IAB is the host of an Internet Task Force, a partial project to study an important topic of one or a few series. The IAB Chairman is known as the Internet designer, responsible for recommending technical direction and coordinating task group activities.
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority): Internet Number Distribution Agency. Responsible for IP address allocation planning and port definitions for TCP / UDP public services.
IdRP (InterDomain Routing Protocol): Domain Room Clear Protocol. A link state open system interconnect protocol, the choice provides a way to route in a predetermined manner, which specifies the communication method of the router and other domains. It is designed in the OSI mechanism to be used in the CLNP ISO 8473 protocol, and is derived from BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol Version 4, RFC1771 [III]) on the Internet. Note that iDRP is an OSI-based protocol.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Internet Control Packet Protocol. It is a sub-protocol of the TCP / IP protocol for transmitting control messages between IP hosts and routers. The control message means that the network is not always, whether the host is up to, whether the route can be used by the network itself. These control messages do not transmit user data, but it plays an important role for user data. The most common ping command is based on ICMP.
FIN (FINISH): The end sign in the TCP header, the symbols this packet initiator wants to turn off the connection. The sender will enter the semi-closed state after sending this message, i.e., no longer transmitted by this connection.
FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface): Fiber distributed data interface. It is a set of protocols developed on the fiber optic cable in the American National Standardization Organization. Its transmission rate can reach 100 Mbps. FDDI uses a dual-loop token to transfer network topology, with 500 computers at 100 kilometers. FDDI is usually used as a backbone network that connects a large network with many local domain network segments and large graphics transmission, voice and video conferencing, and other applications that are widely used.
FCS (FRAME CHECK Sequence): Frame Check Sequence. Data Link Layer Frame Table Access Protocol (LAPF) is a 16-bit sequence. It has strong error-wrong ability, which detects 3 errors within any position, all odd errors, continuous errors within 16 bits, and most of the large burst errors. EGP (External Gateway Protocol): External Gateway Protocol. Internet and networks using TCP / IP are generally divided into individual systems that use the same route selection protocol and a collection of hosts and routers managed by an organization. Independent systems are seen as domains. The external gateway protocol is a method of exchanged packets and information between two adjacent routers on each domain boundary.
FCS (FRAME CHECK Sequence): Frame Check Sequence. Data Link Layer Frame Table Access Protocol (LAPF) is a 16-bit sequence. It has strong error-wrong ability, which detects 3 errors within any position, all odd errors, continuous errors within 16 bits, and most of the large burst errors.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information): US information exchange standard code. A standard code that uses a coded character set consisting of 7-bit encoded characters. Information exchange in data processing, data communication systems, and corresponding devices. The ASCII character set consists of control characters and graphic characters. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain): Berkeley I N TE E R N e T Domain Name. A domain name system (DNS) most common version (including parser and name server). The server is becoming a named.
CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing): None of types of domains. CIDR basic thinking is to cancel the address classification structure, which is replaced by allowing the number of networks to be allocated in a variable length manner. It supports routing aggregation to limit the growth of necessary routing information in the Internet main router. "None type" means that the current circuit decision is based on a mask operation of the entire 32-bit IP address. Regardless of its IP address, Class B, Class C or C. This will be able to return many of the tablets in the routing table to fewer numbers.
CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing): None of types of domains. CIDR basic thinking is to cancel the address classification structure, which is replaced by allowing the number of networks to be allocated in a variable length manner. It supports routing aggregation to limit the growth of necessary routing information in the Internet main router. "None type" means that the current circuit decision is based on a mask operation of the entire 32-bit IP address. Regardless of its IP address, Class B, Class C or C. This will be able to return many of the tablets in the routing table to fewer numbers.
CIX (Commercial Internet Exchange): Commercial Internet Exchange. One of the 5 top-level routing domains. Maintain most Internet site routing information without using the default route. The remaining four are SFNE main networks, NASA Science Internet (NASA Science Internet: NSI), SprintLink, and European I P Snindene (EBONE).
CLNP (ConnectionLess Network Protocol): No connection network protocol. CLNP is equivalent to Open System Interconnect (OSI) Internet Protocol (IP), and their main difference is different from the length of the address. The address length of CLNP is 20 bytes, while IP is 4 bytes. So CLNP is considered for the Internet to resolve the problem of insufficient address. CLNP is located in the network layer of the OSI protocol, as the name suggests, which provides a connectionless datagram service CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check): Cyclic Redundancy Check: Cyclic Redundancy Check: It is a very large, error-detection ability. Detection method. It performs a polynomial calculation of the data and will be obtained behind the frame. A similar algorithm is also implemented.
CSLIP (Compressed Slip): Compressed SLIP. A comparable bandwidth that uses IP title compression to make a relatively low bandwidth provided by the continuous line better SLIP protocol.
CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access): Carrier listening multiplexes. Using distributed control methods, all nodes of the attach bus are used to obtain the right to use the bus through competition. Only the node to obtain the right to send information frames to the bus, which will be perceived by all nodes of the attached bus. Including the following three points: carrier listening - sending nodes before sending information frames, must listen to whether the media is idle; multiple access - has two meanings, which represents multiple nodes to access media, Also shown that the information frame sent by a node can be received by multiple nodes; conflict detection - transmission nodes must also listen to the media while issuing an information frame, and it is necessary to listen to the media, determine whether a collision occurs (at the same time, there is no other node Information frames are also sent). IEEE 802.3 or ISO 8802/3 defines the standard of CSMA / CD.
DCE (DATA CIRCUIT-TERMINATING EQUIPMENT): Data circuit termination device. Refers to a device that provides establishment, holding and terminating a function in a communication system, for example, a modem.
DDN (Digital Date Network): Digital Data Network. From the development network, it is a public communication network. Its main feature is synchronized in the whole network, each user has a dedicated bandwidth, mainly for digital communication field and computer communication.
DF (DON't Fragment): The no fragmented flag in the IP header. That is, it means that it is not slidable during the IP packet transmission.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. From the original BOOTP protocol, the original purpose is to assign an IP address of the IP address for the diskless workstation. The current agreement is now used to assign the IP address and the IP address related to the IP address and the IP address. You can manage the IP address and TCP / IP settings, and avoid unnecessary address conflicts. It provides three IP address allocation mechanisms: Automatic assignment - to allocate permanent addresses to clients; dynamic allocation - Address to clients with a certain rental period; manual allocation - by network administrator to client assignment addresses And communicate to the client via DHCP.
DNS (Domain Name Service): Domain Name Service is an Internet and TCP / IP services for mapping network address numbers. That is to find the Internet domain name and convert it into an IP address. The domain name is meaningful and easy to remember. The domain name and IP address are distributed. DNS requests first reaches geographically close DNS servers. If this domain name is not found, the host will send the request to the distant DNS server. DSAP (Destination Service Access Point): Destination Service Access Point. In the IEEE 802 standard, DSAP is used to indicate the protocol stack on a computer that receives and transmits data. The first bit of DASP is used to indicate that it is used for an individual or a group, and 0 represents an individual, 1 represents a group. Unlike other data link control protocols, the data link layer of the local area network also has a function of multi-point communication and broadcast communication (Broadcast), and multipoint communication is to send frame to a set of destination nodes, and broadcast Communication is all other nodes outside the frame to the source node. Therefore, DSAP has the difference between individuals and groups.
DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer): Digital User Line Access Multiplexer, the MODEM combination of the access multiplex system center, which charges the signal from multiple DSL connections to a high speed line to support video, Broadcast TV, fast Internet access and other high value applications. The DSL line connection uses ATM, frame relays or IP network combinations, which include optimizing transmission rates, polymeric links to optimize bandwidth utilization and ability to perform traffic control.
DSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum): Direct sequence spread spectrum. A spread spectrum communication technology, using a high-rate pseudo-noise code sequence and the composite code sequence after the information sequence die 2 plus (waveform multiplying) to obtain a direct sequence spread spectrum signal, which is about high power The narrower frequency becomes a low power frequency having a broader frequency to obtain satisfactory anti-noise interference performance in the field of wireless communication.
DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol): Distance to the Vector Multicast Routing Protocol RIP, both use the distance vector algorithm to obtain the topology information of the network, and the difference is that the RIP is based on the routing table. Forwarding data, DVMRP is based on RPF. In order to allow newly added multicast members to receive multicast data in time, DVMPR uses a method of sending data packets to all LANs using timed, resulting in a large number of routing control packets, limiting the expansion of network scale. On the other hand, DVMRP uses the upper limit of 32 pumping as a meter scale, which is also a limit on the network size.
