Emacs Tutorial Chinese Translator: Con CopyRight (c) 1985 Free Software Foundation, Inc; See End for Conditions. You Are Looking At The Emacs Tutorial. Emacs Commands typically include a control key (that is, the above labeled Ctrl or CTL) Or the META key (which is marked with an Edit or Alt). For convenience, we will replace the full name of these keys with the following abbreviation: C- means pressing the control key while typing the character, therefore, the C-F indicates that hold down the control key and press F. M- means holding down the META or ALT or EDIT button while typing. If there is no META or ALT or EDIT button, use the ESC key instead. Indicates the ESC key Note: Exit Emacs and press C-X C-C (two characters). The ">>" symbol in the left side of the text means that you try to use an order. For example: >> Now type C-V (watch next screen) move to the next screen. (Press and hold the control button while pressing V. From now on, whenever you read a screen, you can use it to turn it. Note that the last line of the previous screen will be retained after the screen; this is to provide some coherence for you to continue reading the text. The first thing you need to know is how to move the cursor from one place to another. You already know how to flush forward - with C-V. To turn back a screen, type M-V. >> Try to type M-V and C-V several times. * Summary ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ . M-V turns backwards. C-L Clears the screen and re-displays all text, then move the cursor to the center of the screen. (Note is Control-L, not Control-1). >> Look for cursors and pay attention to its location in text. Then type C-L. Looking for a cursor, you will notice that the cursor will now appear near the same text. * Basic Cursor Control ----------------------------------------- ------------------------ The movement of the entire screen is very useful, but how to move the cursor to a specified place in the text on the screen. ? There are several ways to be realized. The most basic method is to use commands C-P, C-B, C-F, and C-N. These orders each move a row or a column in a specific direction on the screen. Below is a chart showing the four commands and the direction they move: the last line, CP:: forward, CB ... The position of the current cursor ... backward, CF:: One line, CN >> Move the cursor to the middle of the chart with CN or CP. Then type C-L will see the entire chart appears in the center of the screen. You may find that these letters can easily remember: P represents the above (Previous), N represents the next (next), b represents forward, f represents backward (Forward). These are basic cursor location commands, you will often use them. So now I am going to learn them. >> Use several C-N to move the cursor down to this line. >> Move the cursor with C-F to the row, then remove the cursor with C-P. Observe what is done when the cursor is in the middle of the line. Each text line ends at the end of a community, which is used as a line between the lines. The last line of your file should have a newline (but Emacs does not require one). >> Try to use C-B at the beginning of the line. It will move the cursor to the end of the previous line. This is because it passes the wrap when it is moved back. C-F can also pass through the newline in the same way.
>> Use several C-B so that you can know where the cursor is. Then move with C-f to the end of the row. Then use C-F again to move the cursor to the next line. When you move exceed the top or bottom of the screen, the cursor is moved back to the middle of the next screen, which is called "scroll". " It allows the Emacs scrolling to move to the part specified on text instead of moving the screen. >> Try to move the cursor with C-N to move the bottom of the screen and see what happens. If the movement of a character is too slow, you can move a word word. M-F (META-F) moves forward, M-B moves backward. >> Type several M-F and M-B. When the cursor is in the middle of a word, M-f moves to the end of the word. When the cursor moves at the blank portion M-F between the two words M-f to the end of the latter single word. M-B is the same as M-F, but only the direction of moving. >> Type M-F and M-B several times, insert some C-F and C-B in the middle to allow you to observe different behaviors between M-F and M-B in words and words in words. Pay attention to comparing C-F, C-B and M-F, M-B. Typically, the META key is used for operations for language units (words, sentences, paragraphs); and the control key is used for editing of basic units (characters, lines, etc.). This is a comparison of the sentence: C-A and C-E move to the beginning of a row and the end, M-A and M-E move to one sentence start and end. >> Type a pair of C-A, type a pair of C-E. Type a pair of M-A, type a pair of M-E. You will see anything that repeatedly typed C-A, and the repeated m-A will move more than one sentence. The position of the cursor in the text is also called "Point". In the paragraph, the cursor indicates the location of the text on the screen. Below is a summary of simple cursor movement commands, including words and sentence motion commands: C-F moves forward a character. C-B moves backwards a character. M-F moves forward a word forward. M-B moves a word backward. C-N moves to the next line. C-P moves to the previous line. C-A moves to the head. C-E moves to the end. M-A moves forward to the beginning of the sentence. M-E moved back to the end of the sentence. >> Trying to practice a few times for each order, they are all often used. The other two important cursor movement commands are M - <(Meta less than), which moves the cursor to the beginning of the entire text, M-> (META is greater than) it moves the light to the end of the entire text. On most terminals, "<" is in the comma, so you must use the Shift key to enter it. On these terminals, you must also use the Shift key to enter m- <; no shift key, you can enter M-comma. >> Try now M- <, move to the beginning of this tutorial, then move it here again with C-V. Try now M->, move to the end of this tutorial, and then move it here again with M-V. You can also use the arrow keys to move the cursor, if your terminal has the arrow keys. We recommend learning three forces C-B, C-F, C-N and C-P. First, they can work on all types of terminals. Second, you get workouts using Emacs, you will find that these CTRL plus characters are faster than pressing the direction (because you don't have to remove your hands from the keyboard). Third, once you develop the habit of using these Ctrl plus characters, you can learn other advanced cursor motion commands as you can learn. Most emacs commands receive a digital parameter; for most commands, this means that the command is repeated. The method of entering the number of repetitions is to press C-U and numbers before entering the command.
If you have a Meta (or Edit or Alt) key, there is another way to enter a number parameter: Enter a number when holding the Meta key, we recommend learning the C-U method because it works on any terminal. For example, C-U 8 C-f moves 8 characters forward. >> Try using C-N or C-P with digital parameters, only one command moves the cursor to the row adjacent to the Bank. Most of the commands regard the number parameters as the number of repetitions, but there are several exceptions. C-V and M-V are. When a parameter is given, just the number of rows specified by the roll or the number of numbers is not the screen. For example, the C-U 4 C-V scrolls the 4-line screen. >> Try C-U 8 C-V now. This will roll the screen 8 line, if you want to scroll back, type a M-V with parameters. If you are using the X window, there is a rectangular area called the scroll bar on the left hand side of the Emacs window. You can scroll through the scroll with the mouse to scroll text. >> Try to click the middle key on the highlighted area of the top of the scroll bar. This will cause the text to scroll, the position of the scroll depends on the length of your clicks. >> Try to hold down or move the mouse on the mouse button, you will see that the text will scroll up when you move your mouse. * When Emacs hangs (when Emacs is Hung) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------- When Emacs stopped responding to your command, you can use CG to stop it safely. When a command executes too long, you can terminate it with C-G. You can also use C-G to cancel the digital parameters and the commands that don't want to perform. >> Type C-U 100 to generate a numeric parameter having a value of 100, then press C-G. Press C-F again. It will only move a character because you cancel the parameters with C-G. If the error is entered, you can remove it with C-G. * Disabled Command (Disabled Command) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- Some Emacs commands are "prohibited", so novices will not perform it due to chance. If you type a disabled command, Emacs will display a message show what this command is doing and ask if you need to execute it. If you really want to execute, knock the empty mark to continue. Usually, if you don't want to perform a prohibition command, use "N" to answer. >> Enter: (a forbidden command), then answer it with n. * Windows ---------------------------- Emacs can have several windows, each showing your own text. We will explain how to operate multi-window later. Now let's explain how to remove excess window screens to the basic single window editing state. This is an example: C-X 1 one window (that is, removes all other windows). Because Control-X follows the number 1. C-X 1 Make the window containing the cursor to the entire screen, and the screen deletes all other windows. >> Move the cursor to the Bank and enter C-U 0 C-L. >> Type Control-Hk CONTROL-F. See how this window is reduced and a new document window appears when pressing Control-F. >> Type C-X 1 and see that the document window disappears. * Insert and deletion ----------------------------------------- ---------------------- If you want to insert text, you only need to enter text. You can see the characters you can see, such as A, 7, *, and more. Emacs will immediately insert them. Type (Enter key) insert a newline. You can use the last character you entered. That is, the keyboard is marked with "DEL".
In some cases, the "Backspace" key functions and the same, but not always like this! Typically, the character in front of the cursor is immediately deleted. >> Enter a few characters and then delete them. Don't worry that this file is changed; you will not replace the main tutorial. This is just your personal copy. This line will be "continued" on the screen when the text is too long and the screen width is exceeded. There is a backslash "" indicating that it is continued. >> Insert the text until the right right, then insert it. You will see a row that continues. >> Use the delete text until the length of the line is within the width of the screen. The continued row will disappear. You can delete a wrap just like deleting any other characters. Deleting a wrap between two lines will make them merged into a row. If this line is very long, the screen is not displayed, it will be represented by a continued row. >> The beginning of moving the cursor to a line will make the Bank and the previous line a line. >> Press to re-insert your removal of the wrap. Remember that most Emacs commands can receive a repetition. This includes text characters that repeats a text characters several times. >> Type this - C-U 8 * to insert ******** Now you have learned most of the Emacs's inputs and missed methods. You can also delete words or rows. This is a summary of delete operation: Deleting the character CD in front of the cursor, deleting the character MD behind the cursor md, remove the word MD in front of the cursor, remove the word CK behind the cursor to remove the content MK from the cursor position to the end of the current sentence to the current sentence at the end of the current sentence , CD and M, MD and CF, MF (not a control character, but don't worry). C-K and M-K are like C-E, M-E. When you remove more than one character, Emacs will save these text, so you can restore them. Restore those texts called "Yanking". You can pull back them in the same place in the text, or elsewhere in the text. You can pull a few copies of the text to generate their multiple copies, the pull command is C-Y. Note that "Killing" and "deleting" is removed, the removed thing can be pulled back, and the deleted cannot be removed. Usually removes a lot of text screens that can remove, and remove only one character can only be removed, or blank or spaces, and not saved. >> Move the cursor to an empty line, type C-K to remove this line. >> Press the second C-K, you will see the remaining space lines. Note that a single C-K removes the content, the second C-K removes its own, and moves all over the latter line. Pay special attention to digital parameters: it removes a lot of rows and their content, which is not just repeated. C-U 2 C-K removes the two rows and their remaining blanks; and the C-K will not do this. To find the previously removed text at the current cursor; press C-Y >> Try it, pull the text back with C-Y. Take C-Y to take someone from what you take away from you. Note that if you pressed several C-Y on a line, all the removed text is exist, so the C-Y will pull back all the rows. >> Try now, press several times C-K. Now retrieve the removed text; >> Press C-Y. Then move the cursor a few lines and then press C-Y, you will now see how these texts are copied. What should you do when you want to pull back some text removed? C-Y can only pull back the recently removed text. But the previous text did not disappear. You can use m-y to restore it. When you pull back the text recently removed with C-Y, it is changed to M-Y to pull back the previously removed text. Type another M-Y can pull back the text removed earlier. When you find the text you want to find, you don't have to do anything to keep it, you only have to leave the text to continue your editor.
If you have much more enough, you will return to the start point (recently removed). >> Remove one line, remove it, then remove the other row. Then pull back the second line with C-Y. Then change to M-Y to pull back the first row of removed. Press once again M-Y to see what it got. Continue to press until the removed second line; then do it a few times. If you want, you can add a positive or negative digital parameters to m-y. * Undo (undo) -------------------- If you make some changes to the text, then find that this is wrong, you can use the revocation command, CX u Undo these changes. Typically, a C-X U revoked a change; if you repeat several C-X u on a line, it will repeat several undo operations. However, there are two exceptions: do not change the operation of the text (including the cursor movement and scroll command), it is not counted; only 20 times can be processed. >> Remove this line with C-K, then press C-X u. It will reproduce it. C-_ is an alternative undo command; what it works is exactly the same as C-X u, just more easily input. The disadvantage of C-_ is that there is no keyboard without it, which is why C-X u is also available. In some terminals you can press and hold C-_ when you hold down CTRL. C-_ or C-X u puts the number of parameters as the number of repetitions. * File (Files) ------------------- For the permanent preservation of your edited text, you must put it in a file. Otherwise it will disappear when you exit Emacs. Put your edited content in the file through the Finding file. (Also known as "Visiting file"). (Translation: In order to maintain the consistency with the original text, translate Find translate into "Find", but the "Find File" that appears here is all the meaning of opening the file.) Finding a file means you in Emacs Look at the content of the document, in most cases, that is, you are editing it. However, you use Emacs to change it is not permanent, unless you "save" it. So you can avoid leaving a file that has changed half on the system. Even if you save the file, Emacs will reserve the original file to prevent the original file, so that you find that the change of the file is wrong. If you observe the screen, you will see a row that starts and ends, and starts with "-: ** - tutorial" or like. This part of the screen usually displays the name of the file you are accessing. Now, a file called "tutoral", it is your personal copy of your Emacs tutorial. When you find a file with Emacs, the file name will appear in the same location. Finding and saving the file command is not like the commands of the previous studies. They all start with character control-x. The Control-x is a complete command series; many of them operate on files, buffers, and related things. These orders have two, three or four character. Another thing about finding a file command is that you must give the file name of the file you need. We say this command "reads a parameter from the terminal." (In this case, the parameter is the name of the file); when you type the command C-X C-F, Emacs prompts you to enter the name of the file. The file name you entered will appear on the bottom of the screen. This bottom is known as miniBuffer for this shorter input. You can edit the file name with the editorial command of the Emacs itself. When you are entering the file name (or any other mini buffer input), you can cancel it with command C-G. >> Type the command C-X C-F and enter C-G. This will cancel the miniature buffer and cancel the microcal buffer used by the C-X C-F command, so you don't find any files. Use it to end after you lose the file name. Then C-X C-F start working and start looking for the file you choose.
The micro buffer has also disappeared when the C-X C-F command ends. The content of a small meeting will be displayed on the screen, then you can edit it. Using the command when you want to keep your change: C-X C-S Save File. This action will copy the text in the Emacs to the file. When you first made, Emacs change the original document to a new name to make it not lost. The new name is "~" after the original name. After the save, Emacs prints the file name of the writable file. You should save frequently, if you have a system crash, you don't lose too much job. >> Type C-X C-S to save your tutorial copy. "Wrote ..... TUTORAL" is printed at the bottom of the screen. Note: On some systems, Enter C-X C-S will freeze the screen to make you see more output from Emacs. This means that the "feature" of this operating system is called "control flow", which intercepts C-X not let it reach Emacs. To make the screen, enter C-Q, then look at the "SPONTANEOUS Entry to Incremental Search" section in the EMACS manual, to deal with this "feature" according to the above recommendations. You can find an existing file to view it or edit it. You can also find a file that has not yet been present. This is Emacs: Method to create a file: Find files, a blank will appear, then insert the text. When you "save (saving), Emacs will create a file with the text you insert. From then on, you can think you have an existing file. * (Buffer) buffers -------------------------- If you look for the second file with CX CF, the first file still stays in Emacs in. You can use C-X C-F to switch back. In this way you have a lot of files in Emacs. >> Enter C-X C-F Foo to create a file called Foo. Then insert some text, edit it, and save "foo" with C-X C-S. Finally, enter C-X C-F Tutorial to return to this tutorial. Emacs saves the text of each file in a "buffer". Find (open) a file will generate a new buffer in Emacs. To see the buffer list where you are currently running, enter: List buffers >> Enter CX CB to observe each buffer has a name, which may also have a file name of the file it saved . Some buffers do not correspond to files. For example, the buffer called "* buffers list *" has no files. This buffer contains only buffer lists generated by C-X C-B. Your text you see in the Emacs window is part of a buffer. >> Enter the C-X 1 to eliminate the buffer list. If you make changes to a file text, then find another file, the first file is not saved. Its change is saved in Emacs, in the buffer of that file. The buffer of the second file established or edited does not affect the first one. This is useful, but this also means having a convenient way to save the first file buffer. If you want to switch to C-X C-F to go back to save it in C-X C-S, it will be an annoying thing. So we ask the Save the Buffer C-X S to ask you to comply with the buffer of each change, but not stored, and ask if each such buffer is saved. >> Insert a line of text and press C-X s. Will ask if you save the buffer called Tutorial. Enter "Y" to answer is.
* Extending The Command Set ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------- There are too many EMACS commands, which greatly exceeds Contorl and Meta plus characters. quantity. Emacs uses the X (Extended Extand) command to solve this problem. There are two styles: C-X character extension, followed by a character. M-X name command extension, follow up with a long name. These commands are usually useful, but it is better to use the commands you have already learned. You have seen two of them: file command C-X C-f is used to find and C-X C-S for saving. Another example is to end the command C-X C-C of Emacs (don't worry that the change you make will be lost, C-X C-C will prompt you to save each changed file before exiting EMACS). The c-z command is used for * temporary * exits Emacs, so you can return to the original running Emacs. On the system allowed to do so, C-Z hangs "" hangs "; it is returned to the shell (shell), but does not destroy the running Emacs. On most housings, you can continue Emacs with 'fg' command or '% emacs'. On the unsupported system, C-Z creates a subcarchers to run in Emacs so that you can run other programs and return to Emacs; this is not a real "exit" Emacs. In this case, the housing command that is usually returned to the EMACS from the sub-housing is 'exit'. There are many c-x commands, this is a list of learned: C-X C-F Find file C-X C-S Save File C-X C-B Buffer List C-X C-C Exit The Emacs C-X U Undo operation is called the usage frequency of the extended command is not too high. Or use only in some modes. An example is a command to replace the string, which is replaced with a string in full text. When you type m-x, Emacs will prompt you to enter a command at the bottom of the screen; in this case, it is "Replace-String". For example, enter "REPL S", Emacs will make commands. Used to end the command. Replace the string command requires two parameters - a string to be replaced with a string used to replace. You must use to end two parameters. >> Two rows of the optical label and enter M-X Repl SchangageDaltered. Note that this line has changed: You have replaced all the words after the initial position of the cursor for "altered" * Auto Save --------------------- --------------- When you change a file, the change will be lost due to the crash. To prevent this, Emacs provides "Auto Save" for each file when editing. There is a ## before and after the file name of the automatically saved file; for example, if you edit the file name called "Hello.c", the file name of the automatically saved file is called "# Hello.c #". When you save the file normally, Emacs deletes this auto-saved file. If you encounter a crash, you can open the file and press M-X Recover File to restore your edit, (is the file you edited instead of the file that is saved). When prompted to confirm, enter YES to continue to resume the auto-saved data. * Echo area (echo area) ---------------------------------- If Emacs found you enter the command If it is very slow, it will be displayed at the bottom of the screen, this area is called "echo area".
* Mode line --------------------------------回 区域 区域 区域"Mode Line". Mode line shows with what is similar to: - ** - Emacs: Tutorial (Fundamental) - L670--58% --------------- This line gives you about you Useful information in editing files and EMACS status. You already know what the file name means. --NN% - pointing out where you are in the text; it means that there is N% text above. If it is on the beginning of the file, it will be used in - TOP - instead --0% -. If it is at the end of the row, --bot -. If you are watching the text, you can all appear on the screen, the pattern guild speaks - AlL-. The previous aspect indicates that you have changed the text. Once you save a file or open a new file, this part of the mode is not an asterisk but a broken number. The part of the plot on the mode line is the current editing mode. It is now the default basic or a Fundamental mode. It is one of "Major Mode". Emacs has a lot of different main modes. Some means different languages or different texts. Such as Lisp Mode, Text Mode, and more. At any time, there is only one main mode being activated. And its name will appear on the location where "Fundamental" is now displayed. Every master mode has some own commands. Just like different programming languages look different. The annotations of each main mode insert are also different. You can switch to some primary mode with an extended command. For example, M-X Fundamental-Mode is to switch into the basic mode. >> Enter M-X Text-Mode Don't worry, no command will bring great changes to Emacs. But you can see that M-F and M-B are now a part of the word as a word. Previously, in the basic mode, M-F and M-B were omitted as an ingredient. Main mode usually makes this tiny change: Most commands do "same work" in each main mode, but some are slightly different. To watch the documentation about your current main mode, press C-H m. >> Type C-U C-V once and multiple times make the Bank close to the top of the screen. >> Enter C-H m to see what is different from the text mode and basic mode. >> Press C-X 1 to turn off this document from the screen. The main mode is called main mode because it also exists from mode, from mode and main mode. Each slave mode can be opened or off, independent of all other slave modes, and independent of your main mode. So you can use a variety of modes from mode or simultaneous use. There is a kind of mode useful, especially when editing English text. It is an Auto Fill Mode. When this mode is opened, it will automatically fold when the input text is too wide. You can use M-X Auto-Fill-Mode to open the automatic padding mode. If this mode has already turned on M-X Auto- Fill-Mode, turn it off. We call this switching switch. >> Enter M-X Auto-Fill-Mode. Then insert some "ASDF" until you see this line is divided into two rows. You have to put some spaces in the middle, and will only go back when you go to space. Typically the boundary width is 70, but you can change it with a C-X F command with numeric parameters. >> Type C-X with parameter 20. (C-U 20 C-X f) Then enter some text to see that only 20 characters per row are now. Then change it back to 70 with C-X f. If you have changed in the middle of a paragraph, the automatic fill mode will not be re-filled. To re-fill the paragraph, press M-Q when the cursor is in the segment. >> Move the cursor to the previous paragraph Press M-Q. * Search ---------------------------- EMACS can search the string before and after the back (refer to some adjacent Character or word).
Search is a mobile cursor operation, which moves the cursor to the next place where the string appears. Emacs's search commands are different from most editors. It is "incremental", which means that the search will start when you type in strings. Starting a command to search for C-S, C-R is a search back. But wait, don't busy. When you enter C-S is you will notice that a string "I-Search" will appear in the echo area. This tells you that Emacs starts an incremental search, and wait for you to enter something you want to search. End query. >> Type C-S to start a search. Slowly enter the word 'cousor', stop one when entering every letter, pay attention to what happened to the cursor. >> Enter C-S again to search for the next place appeared in "Cursor". >> Now entering four times to see where the cursor moves. >> Enter the end search. Did you see what happened? In the incremental searches of Emacs, how many strings you have entered try to search for these characters. The next place that appears to the string, only one C-S is required again. If the string to search for does not exist, Emacs will send beep and tell you the previous search "Failing", press C-G and Termination Search. Note: On some systems, enter C-S will freeze the screen so that you can't see more from Emacs. This means that the "feature" of this operating system is called "control flow", which intercepts C-S and does not allow it to reach Emacs. To make the screen, enter C-Q, then look at the "SPONTANEOUS Entry to Incremental Search" section in the EMACS manual, to deal with this "feature" according to the above recommendations. If you press in the search process, you will notice the last character of the string to search to be deleted and the cursor will return to the previously searched place. For example, suppose you type "C", will search for the first place in "C". Then if you type "U", the cursor will move to the "CU" where the first appearance. Type it now. This will delete "u" from the search string, which is the first place where "C" appears. If you press the Control or Meta key to add characters (a few minority exceptions, such as C-S and C-R) while searching, the search will be terminated. C-S searches for places that appear back to the current cursor. If you need to search for things in the previous text, use C-R instead. Each feature of C-S is also supported, except for the opposite direction. * Multiple Windows ------------------------------------------- ----- Emacs has a very good feature that can display more than one window on the screen. >> Move the cursor to the Bank to press C-U 0 C-L. >> Press C-X 2 Now, it splits the screen into two windows, each window displaying this tutorial. The cursor is in the window above. >> Press C-M-V to scroll into the window below. (If you don't have a real META key, press ESC C-V) >> Press C-X O ("O" "other (Other)) to move the cursor to the window below. >> Scroll the text in the window with C-V and M-V. Look at this tutorial in the window. >> Press C-X O to return the cursor back to the window above. Now the optical standard is in the top window as before. You can always switch between windows with C-X o. Each window has its own cursor position, but only one window can display the cursor of the activity. All edit commands occur on the window that displays the cursor. We call this window "Select Window". When you edit text in a window, command C-M-V is very useful when you use another window.
You can always leave the cursor in the edited place, and use C-M-V to read another window. C-M-V is an example of a Control-Meta plus character. If you have a real META key, you can press CTRL and META at the same time and press "V" to enter C-M-V. Ctrl and Meta Who are pressed and after it doesn't matter. If you don't have a real META key, you can replace it with ESC. This time is related: You must let Esc follow the Ctrl-V; otherwise Ctrl-Esc V will not work. This is because ESC is a meaningful character instead of a modified character. >> Enter C-X 1 (in the above window) to eliminate the following windows. (If you type CX 1 in the window below, you will take the above window. You can see this command as "only the window you are now in.) You don't have to display the same in both windows. Buffer. If you type in a window, the content of another window will not change. You can find a file independently in each window. This is another way to show the two windows to different content: >> Enter the CX 4 CF after you enter, then use the end. You will see the specified file appears in the window below. The cursor is also there. >> Type Cx o Back to the above window, then Enter CX 1 Delete the following window. * Recursive Editing Levels ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------- Sometimes you will enter the "Recursive EDITILE". The square brackets on the line indicate. It is outside the parentheses of the main model name. For example, you may see (Fundamental). To exit the recursive editing layer, press ESC ESC ESC. This is a general purpose Exit command, you can also remove additional windows, or exit microcal buffer. >> Enter MX into a mini buffer; then leave with ESC ESC ESC. You can't use CG to exit recursive editing layer. This is because CG can only Cancel the command inside the recursive editor. * Get more help (getting more help) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- In this tutorial, we tried to provide you with Emacs to provide enough information. But the information about EMACS is really too much to not explain all here. However, you should also learn more about Emacs, because it also has a lot of useful features. Emacs provides a lot of readings The command of the document. These "help" commands are starting with Control-h, called "Help Character". In order to use help features, enter characters ch, then enter a character to explain which help you need. If you really don't Know, enter CH? Then emacs will tell you what help you can give you. If you have entered your CH, you can do not need any help, you can use CG to cancel it. (In some places, CH's role is changed If you don't have a help in the bottom of the screen in accordance with CH If information, try replacement with F1 and M-X Help Ret. The most basic help feature is C-H c. Enter C-H, then the character c, then enter a command character and sequence; then Emacs will display a concise description of this command. >> Enter C-H C Control-P. Show messages look like this: c-p runs the command previous-line This tells you "The Name". The name of the function is mainly used to expand and customize Emacs. But because the name of the function indicates the use of the command, it is best not to change it.
C-H c can be multi-character commands, such as C-X C-S and (if you don't have a meta or edit or alt key) V. To get more information about the command, use C-HK instead of C-H c. >> Enter C-H K Control-P. This will display the documentation of the command in an Emacs window. You can remove the help text with C-X 1 after you finish reading. If you don't want to leave immediately, you can edit the help text while editing, then press C-X1. This is some useful C-H options: C-H f describes a feature, after you enter this function name. >> Enter C-H f Previous-line. All the features implemented by the C-P command will be printed. C-H a command lookup. Enter a keyword, Emacs will list commands with this keyword in all names. Includes all commands starting with META-X. For some commands, C-H A will also list several command sequences that implement the same function. >> Enter C-H A File. This will display all the names "file" in all names in the window. >> Enter C-M-V to scroll through the help window, do it several times. >> Enter C-X 1 to delete the help window. * Conclusion -------------------------------- Remember, always use C-X C-C to exit Emacs. Use C-Z to retreat to a temporary housing so that you can return to Emacs after you.
