Havigial Culture (II) Unix's rise At this time, another mysterious force actively invaded the Hacker society and finally swept the entire PDP-10 tradition. It was born in 1969, which is the year of Arpanet, a young guy in AT & T Bell Labs invented UNIX. Thomspon has participated in the development of Multics, and Multics is the operating system derived from ITS. It is used to do some newer OS theory at that time, such as hiding the internal structure of the operating system, providing an interface, making the programmer without deep depth Understand the operating system and hardware equipment, you can quickly develop programs. Translation: The Programmer write program must thoroughly understand the internal or hardware devices. For example, it is said that there is a procedure with IO, and the number of magnetic tracks and magnetic heads, etc. When discovered that Multics was doing white workers, Bell Labs quickly exited (later there was a company Honeywell sold Multics, which was very damn). Ken Thompson likes the work environment on Multics, so he wrote an operating system in a scrapped DEC PDP-7 in the laboratory, which has his own ideas in design. He named this operating system and used to irony Multics. Translation: In fact, Ken Thompson wrote a game` Star Travel ', there is no place to run, go to a scrap machine PDP-7 to play. His colleague bria_n kernighan laughed Ken Thompson said: "The system you write is pleased, and you are hard to be unics." His colleague Dennis Ritchie invented a new program language C, so he was rewritten with Thompson with C to rewrite the original use of UNIX written. The design principle of c is to use, freedom and flexibility, and C and Unix are quickly welcomed in Bell Labs. In 1971 Thompson and Ritchie won the project for an office automation system, UNIX started popular in Bell Labs. However, Thompson and Ritchie's ambitions are still more than this. The tradition of that time is that an operating system must be written completely with assembly language, which will enable the machine to play the highest performance. Thompson and Ritchie, a few technologies that comprehend hardware and compilers have entered into the operating system to write a good performance using high-order languages such as C, still maintain good performance. Five years later, UNIX has been successfully transplanted to several machines. Translation: Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie are the only two engineers who have received Turing Award (Nobel Awards in the computer) (others are scholars). This is an incredible thing! It means that if UNIX runs on a variety of platforms, UNIX software can be ported to various machines. It is also not necessary to write software for a specific machine, and can run on UNIX, and the reinvention of the wheel has become a past style. In addition to the advantages of cross-platform, UNIX and C have many significant advantages. The design philosophy of UNIX and C is Keep IT Simple, Stupid '. Programm_er can easily master the logical structure of the entire C (unlike other or later program languages) without having to pass the manual for one day to the evening. Unix provides a number of useful gadgets that can play a powerful power after appropriate combination (written as a shell script or perl script).
※ Note: The C Programming Language is the thinnest one of all programming books, only more than two hundred pages. The author is Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, so this C language is also known as `K & R '. ※ Note: `Keep IT Simple, Stupid 'referred to as KISS, today Unix is not Follow this principle, almost all UNIX is a bunch of useful useless utilities, the only exception is Minix. C and UNIX scope of application range, unexpectedly, many areas of research should be used to use computers, they are the best partners. Despite lack of officially supported institutions, they are still crazy in AT & T inside. In 1980, it has spread to university and research institutions, and thousands of Hacker wants to put Unix on the machine. The main machine running UNIX is the machine of the PDP-11, VAX series. However, due to the high portability of UNIX, it is almost installed on all computer models. Once the Unix on the new machine is installed, put the software's C original code to recoibly recompile everything, who wants to develop software with assembly language? There is a set of networks designed for UNIX --- UUCP: a low speed, unstable but very cost-effective network. Two UNIX machines use the phone line to connect, you can use intermittent emails. UUCP is built in a UNIX system without additional installation. So the UNIX platform has a exclusive network to form its Hacker culture. After the first USENET platform in 1980, a large-scale distributed bulletin board is formed, and the number of people attracted quickly exceeded Arpanet. A small number of UNIX platforms have Arpanet. PDP-10 starts with UNIX's Hacker culture, but it is not very pleasant. PDP-10 h_ackers feel that Unix's helpers are newers who don't understand, compared to their complex gorgeous, fascinating LISP with ITS, C and UNIX simply raw funny. "A group of barbarians wearing the beast tacine ax" they mused. At this time, there was another new trend of new trend. The first PC appeared in 1975; Apple Computer was established in 1977 to grow fast. The potential of micro-computers has attracted another young Hackers. Their favorite programming language is Basic. Because it is too simple, the death of PDP-10 and UNIX fans will use it at all, can't afford to use it. Translation: This group of Hacker has a certain understanding, his name is Bill Gates, which was originally to develop Basic Compiler at 8080. The end of the ancient times in 1980, there were three Hacker culture in development, although there was any contact and communication, but it was also played. Arpanet / PDP-10 culture, playing Lisp, Macro, TOPS-10 and ITS. UNIX and C supporters use a telephone line to play their PDP-11 with the VAX machine. There is also another group of non-order micro-computer fans, committed to the civilian technology civil society. The ITS culture (that is, Mit Ai Lab is also said to reach the whole day, but Wu Yun gradually shrouded this laboratory. ITS rely on the PDP-10 gradually, starting someone to leave the laboratory to open the company, and will commercialize the artificial intelligence. Mit Ai Lab does not stop the high salary angle of the new company, and SAIL and CMU have also encountered the same problem.
