The basic content of parsing of arms violation of adequacy reasons is: Any correct, real thinking must have its sufficient reasons. The formula of adequate reasons is "A true because B is true, and by B can introduce a." _ "A" representative to determine its true judgment, "B is true, and by B can introduce A" is determined to determine A is Really judge, it is a really reasonable reason. The logical requirements of adequate reasons are: First, there must be reason, and the reason must be true and comprehensive; second, from the reason to launch the idea of the desired argument. The legacy reason is to contact the conditions between objective things, especially the correct reflection of the consequences. The sophistication of the ulsender violates adequate reason: the reason is false; the reason is false; strong conclusions; due to inversion; no hymnia, repeated assert, and so on. Example analysis of the audience's good color Warring States Period, Chu State has a literati named Song Yu, and he wrote a "debut" article, in addition to arguing that he is not good, it is said to be a color in front of Chu Wang. The Dafu Dafu, the Dafu, said that the boarder is a good color. The reason is: the wife of the debut is very ugly, the hair is fluffing, the ear is not spiritual, the mouth is bare, revealing a few sparse teeth, the body, the buttocks. And the debt likes her and gave birth to her five children. Even such a grungy woman loves, if you are not even more than some woman? This fully illustrates that the debut is a good color. Since Song Yu is a quite famous resignation, coupled with this article is very literary, so not only the trust of Chu Wang's trust is, but the later people will not add analyst to the Song Yu, so that The debut is a favorite language like a woman, and it is not a synonym language. However, as long as we are logically slightly analyzed, it is not difficult to see the sophistication of this argument. According to the requirements of adequate reasons, the reason why the held is not only true, but also the idea of being able to demonstrate from a reason. "The debut of the disgusting and his ugly wife is very good." This premise is true, but it can't launch the conclusions of "Dashi". Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "Song Yu attaches this paragraph, it belongs to the sophistication of the reverse." He said very fun and humor: "From the essence, you should admit that the debut is a good person. The woman who is ugly, can also love with her, get along with her. Photo photo, the debt is a love-specific, abide by the model husband of the 'Marriage Law, how can he say he is a good color "What?" (Advance from Mao Zedong Reading History " Jade as a proud argument, as a typical of the anti-compilation textbook. "(
The formal logic is divided into reason to deduct the reasoning and non-interpregnation reasoning according to the reasoning conclusions, and is divided into incomplete summing in the non-exclusive reasoning, (later introduces these two reasonors later). A correct interpretation is characterized by the premise implication, that is, if the premise is true, the conclusion must be true; non-interpretation is characterized by the premise that the conclusion is not necessarily true, the conclusion may be fake. A correct interpretation must have two conditions: first, the premise is true; that is, the content of the thoughts is in line with the objective actual situation; second, the inference form is correct, ie reasoning compliance rules and logic law. Prerequisites false or reasoning form errors are incorrect reasoning, and true and false in incorrect reasoning is uncertain. Whether the premise is true, depending on the specific science, and ultimately rely on practice, form logic is only required to be true. Whether the reason is correct, this is a problem with formal research, which can help us nrate in the form of a reasoning. The correct reasoning form can guarantee the true conclusions from true premise, and can help reveal the fallacy in the premise, that is, when the conclusion is in the form of a false reason, we can conclude that there must be false premise. The sophistication of the ulsender in the interpretation, from the big side, one is to deliberately applying false or one-sided premise, the second is the application of the wrong reason. Its specific performance is diverse, and we will expose "instance analysis" below. Example Analysis The camera is my city public security bureau seized a boapier who searched a large number of cash and cameras such as cash and cameras. When the interrogation, this haiis is very unhappy, and a biting cash is picked up. The camera is bought from the old store a few years ago. The Public Security Bureau decided to take a breakthrough with the origin of the audio camera, and tried to testify by witnesses (camera hammers). Here is a record period of the trial: Judgment length: (ask person) "What is the characteristics of the camera?" Witnes: "Yes, this camera is different, it has a dark button, unfamiliar people can't find this dark The button is not open. "Judge:" The defendant, you open this camera. "The defendant:" The trial is long, if I open it, then the camera is mine! Yes? "Judgment Long: "No, open, do not prove that it must be yours; not open, then prove that it is not yours." The defendant has two sophisticated errors. First, witnesses said: "People who don't familiarize with this camera will not open this camera", this judgment contains "who can open the camera who is familiar with this camera", but the defendant is sneaked into "Who can open this Camera, the camera is who is "; Second, from the perspective of reasoning, the judge and the defendant have applied a sufficient condition to make words. Depending on the rules of the forefront of the forefront, the negative rear portability can be negative, but affirmative back is not affirmed. For example, from "If someone is a Shandong person, he is a Chinese", "If someone is not Chinese, he is not a Shandong people" conclusion, but can not launch "If someone is Chinese, Then he is Shandong. " The reasoning of the trial long application is: If the camera is yours, you can open it; so, if you can't open it, then prove that the camera is not yours. This is a direct reasoning directly from the negative back to the negative front. (Only one premise is called direct reasoning, there are two or more premise of reasoning the indirect reasoning), but also known as fake words Bin reasoning.
