Application Analysis of GPS in Logistics Distribution 2002-6-20 China Third Party Logistics Network
With the rapid development of the global economy, global digital, networked, and informationization have become the main characteristics of the new century. The rise of enterprise e-commerce, the development of B to B, B TO C, the further whole and supply chain management of distribution channels, making logistics distribution more and more focuses on many businesses. This requires logistics distribution companies to provide a comprehensive distribution solution to customers. However, from the overall level of many logistics distribution companies in my country, not only is the logistics management level and the foreign phase difference, but also in terms of basic equipment and advanced technology, there are also problems with slow investment and slow technology.
According to the survey report of the China Warehousing Association, my country's vehicle operation is about 45%. One of the important reasons for this situation is that logistics distribution companies cannot accurately know the specific location of running vehicles, and cannot keep in touch with the driver anytime, anywhere, so it cannot organize supply and flexible distribution. At the same time, customers cannot know the situation of the goods distribution process in time. In the past, the distribution enterprise was extremely difficult to track the goods in real time; now, with the wide application of communication technology, the development of the Internet and GIS (Global Positioning System), GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, distribution enterprises and customers can pass LAN or Internet is real-time to track the status of the goods and transportation vehicles, providing a foundation for the high efficiency management of the distribution enterprise.
First, GPS and its development overview
GPS (GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION SYSTEM, ACT) is also known as the global satellite positioning system. GPS (Global Positioning System) is an advanced navigation technique, which is composed of a transmitting device and a receiving device, and the transmitting device is composed of a number of navigation satellites located in the earth satellite stationary orbit, and has continuously transmitted radio waves from the surface of the Earth. The receiving device is typically mounted on a mobile target (such as a vehicle, ship, aircraft), and the receiving device receives the positioning signal of the navigation satellite of different orientations, it can calculate its current latitude and longitude coordinates, and then record their coordinate information or send back monitoring Center. The ground monitoring center uses GPS technology to monitor the position of mobile targets such as vehicles in real time, and issue real-time scheduling instructions to the mobile target according to the road traffic situation.
GPS (Global Satellite Positioning System) was originally global, all-round (land, ocean, aviation and aerospace), all-weather advantages, based on the "Matorger Satellite Navigation Positioning" technology Navigation positioning, timing, speed system, consisting of spatial satellite systems, ground monitoring systems, and user receiving systems. In developed countries, GPS technology has been widely used in cargo transportation and logistics distribution, such as retail giants, Wauerma, International Logistics giant Maji, Express company UPS, etc. At present, my country has just started in the application of GPS.
Second, GPS elements
GPS (Global Positioning System) is made of a series of satellites, which provide high-precision world-wide positioning and navigation information 24 hours. Quantitatively, it consists of 2 4 NavStar GPS satellites running along the 22,000 km of Earth, keeping back exact times and their location. The GPS receiver also listened to the signal of 3 to 12 satellites, thereby judgeting the position of the object on or near the ground, and therecate movement speed and direction.
The GPS receiver uses the signal transmitted by the GPS satellite to determine the location of the satellite in space and calculates the distance between them according to the time transmitted by radio waves. After calculating the relative position of at least 3 to 4 satellites, the GPS receiver can use triangle to calculate its own position. Each GPS satellite has four high-precision atomic clocks, as well as a real-time update database, which records the current location and run trajectory of other satellites. When the GPS receiver determines a satellite position, it can download the location information of all other satellites, which helps it get the information of other satellites required faster. Third, the use of GPS in cargo transportation
At present, GPS technology has received concern, one of which is an important reason is that the use of GPS in the logistics field has proven to be fruitful, especially in the field of goods distribution. Since the delivery process is the physical spatial position transfer process, during the delivery process of the goods, the transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, delivery of the goods may involve, the selection of the transportation route, etc. The choice of warehouse, the capacity setting of the warehouse, reasonable handling strategy, the selection of transportation vehicles, and the selection of delivery routes can be effectively managed and decisive by using GPS navigation function, vehicle tracking, information query and other functions. This is undoubtedly It helps distributers to effectively utilize existing resources, reduce consumption, and improve efficiency. Specifically, the current GPS has the following functions in the delivery of goods.
Navigation function
Three-dimensional navigation is both the primary function of GPS, but also the most basic functions of it, and other functions can fully function on the basis of navigation. Airplanes, ships, ground vehicles, and pedestrians can use the GPS navigation receiver to navigate. The car navigation system is a new technology developed on the basis of GPS. It consists of GPS navigation, self-discipline navigation, microprocessor, vehicle speed sensor, gyro sensor, CD-ROM drive, and LCD displays.
The GPS navigation is received by the GPS receiver (three or more) to obtain the latitude and longitude coordinates, speed, time, etc. of this point. In order to improve the accuracy of car navigation positioning, differential GPS technology is usually used. When the car is driving to the underground tunnel, the high-rise building, the highway is captured, and the system can automatically import the self-discipline navigation system, at which time the vehicle speed sensor detects the travel speed of the car, through the micro-processing unit Data processing, directly calculated from speed and time, the gyro sensor directly detects the direction of advancement, and the gyroscope can automatically store various data, and the system can also reset even when the tire is transferred.
The car position coordinates measured by GPS satellite navigation and self-discipline navigation, the direction of the forward direction has a certain error with the actual route trajectory, in order to correct the errors between these two, so that the route on the map is unified, the map needs to be used Matching technology, plus a map matching circuit, the route of the car is real-time related to the error of the road on the electronic map, and automatically corrects, at this time, the map matching circuit is quickly processed by the finishing program of the micro processing unit to get the car. In the correct position on the electronic map to indicate the correct travel route. CD-ROM is used to store information such as road data, and the LCD display is used to display navigation information.
2. Vehicle tracking function
The GPS navigation system combines with the GIS technology, the wireless mobile communication system (GSM), and computer vehicle management information systems, the vehicle tracking function can be implemented.
Using GPS and GIS technology, you can display the actual location of the vehicle in real time, and amplify, reduce, restore, and change; can move with the target, so that the target is always held on the screen; you can also implement multi-window, multi-vehicle, multi-screen Track, using this feature to track important vehicles and goods.
At present, it has been developed to combine the GPS / GIS / GSM technology to real-time positioning, tracking, alarm, communication, etc. of the vehicle, which can meet the basic information of the vehicle, and effectively avoid the vehicle's empty load. Phenomenon, while customers can understand the details of their goods during transportation through Internet technology. 3. Cargo distribution route planning function
Cargo distribution route planning is an important aid of GPS navigation systems, including:
Automatic line planning. The starting point and end of the driver are determined, and the computer software automatically designs the best driving route, including the fastest route, the simplest route, the least highway segment, the least route, etc.
Artificial line design. The driver automatically establishes a line library according to its own destination design, endpoint and passage. After the line plan is completed, the display can display the design line on the electronic map and simultaneously display the car operation path and the operation method.
4. Information query
Provide customers with main objects, such as tourist attractions, hotels, hospitals, etc., users can query as needed on electronic maps. The query information can be displayed in the form of text, language, and images and displays its location on the electronic map. At the same time, the monitoring center can use the monitoring console to query the location of any target in the area, and the vehicle information will be displayed on the electronic map of the control center in digital form.
5. Traffic command
The command center can monitor the operation of the vehicle in the region and make reasonable scheduling of the monitored vehicle. The command center can also be managed at any time with the trace target.
6. Emergency assistance
Emergency assistance can be carried out with vehicles with dangerous or accidents via GPS positioning and monitoring management systems. The electronic map of the monitoring station can display the help information and the alarm target, planning the best assistance program, and conduct emergency treatment with alarm, light reminders.
Fourth, the actual application of GPS
Research and application of GPS technology in vehicle navigation and cargo distribution currently started in China, and foreign research in this area has already begun and has been widely used in practice.
The United States has developed road traffic management systems that are used in the city. The system uses GPS and GIS to establish road databases. There are various current data sheets, such as the accurate position of the road, road conditions, along the road facilities, etc., the system in 1995 The official operation is an important role in urban road traffic management.
The United States Joint Parcel Service Company (UPS) is one of the world's most famous logistics companies, has been rated as "Wealth" magazine as a "world most promising" company in the field of goods, parcel transportation and cargo distribution. UPS can use GPS and GIS technology to electronically track 12 million mails per day; UPS drivers carry an electronic operation board, which can use the network to exploit new integrated business channels. It can be seen that the application of GPS technology has brought huge wealth to the company.
GPS is one of the most promising high-techs developed in the field of logistics in recent years, and it will inevitably get more and more extensive applications in the field of logistics distribution. I believe that with the development of my country's logistics industry, the rapid construction of high-grade roads and the gradual depth of GPS technology application research, and its applications in logistics distribution will be more extensive and in-depth, and play a greater role.
Author: Tianjin University of Finance Guo Source: China Logistics
