China Logistics Industry Status 2003 2003-11-21 China Third Party Logistics Network
With the rapid development of the world economy and the advancement of modern science and technology, the logistics industry is a emerging service department in the national economy, which is rapidly developing globally. Internationally, the logistics industry is considered to be the artery and basic industry of national economic development, and its development has become one of the important signs of the level of modernization and comprehensive national strength. From the perspective of my country's current economic development, as the market economy is in-depth, the opportunity to rely on businessflow to earn profits is less and less. Therefore, the company has gradually expressed its attention to the logistics called "third profit source". Investing in the construction of different types of circulation centers, logistics centers or distribution centers, want to form a new economic growth point.
I. Analysis of the development status of logistics industry in my country
In recent years, with the formation of the buyer's market, the company has been a more profound understanding of the "third profit source" existing in the field of logistics, optimizing internal logistics management, reducing logistics costs, has become the most strong desire of most domestic enterprises. Claim. China's logistics industry has also developed greatly as the other departments of the national economy, gradually forming the operational mechanism of market regulation; strengthens investment in logistics infrastructure such as traffic, communications; transportation, information communication related to logistics , All industries such as warehousing, packaging and distribution are rapid development.
1. The ability of the logistics infrastructure is greatly improved. After years of development, the international logistics growth has been developed in China. At present, my country has achieved long-term development in logistics infrastructure and equipment such as transportation, storage facilities, information communications, cargo packaging and handling. The development of the logistics industry has laid the necessary material foundation. At present, most of the production materials have been resolved through the market, and the main body of the materials circulation market will develop. Enterprises who have been engaged in material circulation have been separated from the bondage of the planning system, and strive to the market economy's ocean, initially form a socialized, specialized industrial team, and establish a circulation network in urban and rural areas based on the central city. The network scale ranks second in the world. The total capacity of digital data network reaches 460,000 ports, which has been provided with the communication capabilities required to provide at this stage national economic information. In 1997, the total number of consumer goods markets in the country has reached 87,000, including more than 14,000 wholesale markets. As new marketing methods in circulation, chain business and distribution services are rising. There are more than 1,000 chain companies in the country, with 15,000 chain business outlets. Material distribution pilot companies have expanded to more than 40 cities.
The reform and opening up has promoted the continuous development of China's international economic communication, and the foreign trade has grown rapidly. In 1997, the total import and export of $ 325 billion, ranking 10th world. Representing China International Logistics Development Size is rapidly increased in recent years in recent years, and coastal port container throughput has exceeded 10 million TEU for the first time in 1997, reaching 10.76 million TEU. In the initial formation of international container multimodal transportation networks centered on coastal portals.
2. The quality of logistics has improved, and logistics efficiency needs to improve logistics quality is mainly measured by logistics time, logistics cost and logistics efficiency. China's logistics industry is relatively low in the overall level of logistics quality due to many factors. According to relevant information, the occupancy of logistics in industrial production is almost 90% of the entire production process. In cargo transportation, China's current transport management system has also restricted efficient connection between different transportation methods to some extent, and the logistics speed is also slowed. Among the various departments of the National Economy, transportation costs are different from the degree of dependence of transportation in various departments in production costs. According to the 1992 national investment in output, transportation and telecommunications costs accounted for 3.29% in agricultural production costs, accounting for 7.15% in industrial production costs, accounting for 8.63% in the construction industry, and 14.98% in commercial catering industry. 7.8% in other service sectors. If the overall cost is considered from the logistics industry, the information shows that the logistics costs account for the proportion of total commodity cost, and it has reflected more than 40% from the book.
It is a very difficult problem in overall analysis of calculated logistics efficiency. The logistics process in socio-economic activities is very complex, different content and forms of logistics activities, must use different methods to analyze logistics efficiency. This is the overall efficiency of the logistics related to the total cost of the logistics related industry. According to the 1992 National Third Industry Census Information, the cost of transportation, warehousing, agents and wholesale industries and 1992 The total national product is compared, and approximately 15.47%. If considering the cost of other related circulation links and logistics loss during the circulation, the whole society's logistics costs account for more than 20% of the total national product gross value. 3, the development of the logistics industry is attractive attention to the high level of attention at all levels. At present, Shenzhen, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shandong and other places have attached importance to the development of the logistics industry in the region, and has begun to study and formulate planning and related regions. Promote policy. Among them, Shenzhen has clearly established the logistics industry as one of the three pillar industries supporting the economic development of Shenzhen 21st century, and initially developed the strategy of the development of the logistics industry; Beijing City will carry out the logistics facilities system required for the development of the logistics industry. More comprehensive research and planning; Tianjin also is actively studying the development of Tianjin Modern Logistics Development in accordance with its urban functional positioning and logistics development needs. The relevant departments of the central government, such as the State Economic and Trade Commission, the State Planning Commission, Ministry of Foreign Trade, and the Ministry of Foreign Trade, and the development of my country's logistics industry, and actively study the relevant policies to promote the development of logistics industry.
4. The reform of logistics management system is still needed to further deepen the long-term planned economic system to lag behind my country's logistics industry. During the transformation of the planned economy to the market economy, due to the impact of traditional concepts, the reform of management system is behind the reform of economic system. So far, China's logistics industry is still scattered or called multi-diversity management methods involving the Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, Civil Aviation Authority, Domestic Trade Bureau, Foreign Trade and Economic Development Department, Department of Energy, Ministry of Foreign Ministry, and the State Planning Commission. Economic and Trade Commission and other comprehensive departments. Because the system is not stunned, the division of labor between the various departments has cross, causing various problems such as block segmentation, segmentation, and repeated construction in the management of logistics industry.
Second, the main problem in the development of my country's logistics industry
After recent years of accelerated development in recent years, China's logistics industry has been considerable, but from this stage, because China has just bid farewell to shortage economy, there is a considerable gap between per capita income and developed countries, the socialist market economic system is also The traditional model formed by the traditional concept and plan economic conditions will inevitably have a certain obstacle to modern logistics. From the moment, it is not possible to adapt to the needs of economic development. The logistics benefits are not high, and there is still an international advanced level. A big gap, there are mainly the following aspects:
1. The development of the logistics industry is still facing a larger market demand constraint is affected by the traditional planned economic system. my country's quite a large number of companies still retain the "big and complete", "small and full" business organization, from raw materials to the product sales process A series of logistics activities mainly rely on the self-service of the company's internal organization. From the country, modern logistics is only valued and developed in a few developed regions and advanced companies. In the western region and the remote provinces, the logistics in the modern sense has not been truly starting. Even in the economically developed east coastal area, the socialization of logistics, the level of market is still very low. According to estimates, currently, my country's own logistics accounts for about 60-70% of the entire market, which is largely restricted and delayed in high-efficiency, and delays in high-efficiency, and delays in high-efficiency. The generation and development of social logistics services, which is also an important bottleneck that currently restrict the rapid development of China's logistics industry.
2. Specialized logistics services are still very limited, and the management level of logistics enterprises needs to be improved.
Although my country's logistics industry has developed rapidly in recent years, my country's logistics enterprises are small, small scale, service awareness and quality of service are not satisfactory compared to Western developed countries. First, the service methods and means are compared to the original and single. At present, most companies engaged in logistics services can only provide transportation (deliver) and warehousing services, while in terms of logistics value-added services such as circulation, logistics information services, inventory management, logistics cost control, especially in logistics schemes and full logistics There is no comprehensive development of higher-level logistics services such as services. Second, logistics enterprises have a small scale, lack of necessary competitive strength. In addition to a few enterprises, most logistics enterprises technical equipment and management means are still backward, and the service network and information systems are not perfect, which greatly affects the accuracy and timeliness of logistics services. Currently engaged in logistics services, including traditional transportation and storage transportation companies and new professional logistics companies, scale and strength are still small, and networked business organizations have not yet been formed. Again, logistics enterprises have a low management level, and the quality of logistics services needs to be further improved. Most companies engaged in logistics services lack the necessary service norms and internal management procedures, and is extensive, it is difficult to provide standardized logistics services, and the quality of service is low. More importantly, the company lacks a complex professional talents in modern logistics operations and logistics management, the employee quality is not high, the service awareness is insufficient, and the initiative lack of market development. 3. Logistics management is not uniform, hindering the establishment of a national integrated logistics system.
The development of modern logistics requires breaking the traditional industry and regional restrictions, establish a large market in unity, open and competition. However, due to the current start of my country's modern logistics industry, the management of logistics market management and industry management has not been rushed, the National Economic and Trade Commission, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Railways, Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Department, the Ministry of Education, etc., have undertaken some of the logistics management functions. From various places, regional economic development is unbalanced, and local protectionism still exists. Therefore, my country's logistics development has shown clear departmentalization, regional characteristics, industrial, commercial, material, transportation and other as politics, all in the project, grab the market, and coordinate each other, causing resources for resources. This situation has also caused business logistics activities to meet the necessary economic scale and expected investment returns, resulting in small scale, weak strength, and fatigue.
4. The legal environment for developing modern logistics has not yet been perfect
Under the system of multi-man management, segmentation management, subject to the department, local interests, the number of current policies and regulations, but there is contradiction between each other and it is difficult to coordinate. The industrial policies and industrial planning required to develop modern logistics industries have not yet been introduced, while my country's existing legal and regulations related to logistics is many of the departmentality, regional regulations, often with sectors or regions. Entering and exiting the logistics market, competition rules have basically no uniform laws and regulations, and there is a lack of effective external constraints on social logistics services, causing unfair competition difficult to avoid. Due to the lack of correct understanding and reasonable defining on logistics enterprises, there is no logistics enterprise in the enterprise registration directory of the industrial and commercial department; the establishment of logistics companies will also be subject to various restrictions, the procedures, the legal status of professional logistics organization planning companies has not yet been obtained Legal recognition, etc., limited to the further development of third-party logistics industry.
5. Logistics research is relatively backward and shortage of logistics professionals, is a huge obstacle to the development of logistics industry
In contrast, my country is still very backward in logistics research and education, and the universities and professional research institutions engaged in logistics research are still very small, and the research and input of the enterprise level is more slightly. Logistics education levels are not high mainly in lack of standardized logistics talents. There is only 10 universities in the universities of the logistics professional courses, accounting for only one percent of all Chinese colleges; although undergraduate education related to logistics is carried out, it has not been recognized by the relevant national education authorities. Graduate education has just begun; logistics vocational education is more poor, and the short-term training of the company is still the main way of current logistics training. Author: China Logistics Network Source: China Logistics Network
