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Abstract Article discusses the systematic analysis and design method based on UML-oriented, including static modeling and dynamic modeling; proposes a practical UML-based demand analysis and modeling method to express business models Taking the conceptual layer of object map, state diagram and interactive logic of the system of structural logic and behavior logic, using example diagram expression system requirements; discusses demand analysis and modeling process concept, and management in university open student status management System development is used as a case demonstration.
Keywords UML, RUP, open student status management
introduction
UML is a standardized language of a system blueprint that implements a variety of components of a large complex system, explains and constructs a system model, and the establishment of various required documents. It is a well-defined, easy to express, powerful And universally applied modeling language. The development of UML has made an outstanding contribution to the development of software engineering.
UML supports the whole process of software development starting from demand analysis. UML creates system models through three types of graphics: Use case diagram, static structural diagram (object class diagram, object map, component diagram, configuration map) and dynamic behavior map (sequential diagram, collaborative diagram, state diagram, activity map) These figures can realize the visualization of the system from different abstract angles.
The development of URM has experienced several stages.
The initial stage is the joint action of experts, which combines their respective methods to form UML 0.9 by three OO (object-oriented) methodologists [8].
The second stage is the company's joint action, "UML Partner Organization" composed of more than a dozen companies, adds their own opinions to UML, forming UML 1.0 and 1.1, and as a proposal to the OMG application to model language specification.
The third stage is the revision and improvement under OMG control, and OMG officially adopted UML 1.1 as a modeling language specification in November 1997, and then established a constant revision and produced UML 1.2, 1.3 and 1.4 versions. UML 1.3 is a more important revision.
At present, the major revision phase is being in UML, the goal is to introduce UML 2.0 as a standard proposal submitted to ISO.
1, UML characteristics
UML has the following features:
(1) Object-oriented. UML supports the main concepts of object-oriented technology, providing a batch of basic model elements representing graphics and methods, can expressly express the object-oriented concepts.
(2) Visualization means strong. The model graphics through UML clearly represent the logical model and implementation model of the system. Can be used in the modeling of various complex systems.
(3) independently of the process. UML is a system modeling language and is independent of the development process.
(4) Independent in programming language. The software system model established with UML can be implemented with any other object-oriented programming such as Java, VC , SmallTaik.
(5) It is easy to master the use. The UML graphic structure is clear, the modeling is simple and clear, easy to master.
System analysis and design using UML can accelerate development processes, improve code quality, support dynamic business needs. UML is suitable for system development of various sizes. It can promote software reuse and easily integrate existing systems and effectively handle various risks in development.
2, UML object-oriented analysis design process
Using UML for object-oriented system analysis design, the process is usually consisting of three parts:
(1) Identify the use of the system and the role
First, the project is required to investigate, according to the business flow chart and data flow chart of the project, all levels of operators involved in the project, identify all the uses and roles in the system; then the role and the role and the use case in the system are analyzed. Contact, use the UML Modeling Tool to draw the use case diagram of the system, and select the concept layer model of the system, describe the concept layer class diagram and active diagram with the UML modeling tool.
(2) System analysis, and extracting the task of class system analysis is to identify all the needs of the system and describe, and establish a specific domain model. The establishment of a domain model helps developers to investigate the use case, extract the class, and describe the relationship between the classes.
(3) System design, and design, and its behavior
Design phases consist of structural design and detailed design. 1 Structural design is high-level design, its mission is to define package (subsystem), including dependencies and main communication mechanisms. The package is conducive to the description of the logical components of the system and the dependencies between the parts. 2 Detailed design is to refine the content of the package, clearly describe all classes, and use the UML dynamic model to describe the behavior of these classes in a particular environment.
UML Object-Oriented Analysis Design In an open student status management system UML is a modeling language, an integral part of the system development, which does not have the definition of the development process concept and represent symbols [2]. The founder of UML comprehensively combines the strengths of multiple system development processes than Booch, Jacobson and Rumbaugh, and proposes new object-oriented development processes, called Rational Unified Process (RUP). The core workflow of the RUP process includes: business modeling, demand analysis, system analysis, design, implementation, testing, and system configuration. The following is analyzed and constructed by UML and constructing the management model, and is described in conjunction with the Rational Rating tool software. 1. Overview of Open Academic Status Management With the rapid development of network technology and software technology, in particular the emergence of Internet / intranet, the rapid development of related technologies, the information revolution has brought more increasingly intensified global market competition, for tradition Office teaching and lifestyle have created a huge impact. Office automation is the use of Internet / Intranet technology, based on workflow concepts, so that internal staff is convenient and quick to share information, efficient synergy; change the complex, inefficient handmade office method to achieve rapid, all-round information collection, information deal with. The construction of the campus network provides technical support for the open school management system. Open student status management system is a student management information center monitoring, department (departments), teaching and research section management, student archives management, mentor management, teaching teacher management, selection management, performance query management, print reports, etc. Compose, selection students, even the management system that is involved in neighboring colleges. Student status management is monitored by the school's student status management center, departmental department, teaching and research section management, member of the course teachers, and selection students to participate. 2, the purpose of the use of the open student status management system and the purpose of role business modeling and demand analysis is to evaluate, collect and analyze the needs of school management, understand the problem to be solved, and focus on the practicality of the system. As a result, it can be expressed in a U SE Case model (Figure 1), the actors in the model represent the role of the external and system interaction, including students, system administrators, and use case are descriptions for system requirements, express system functions and Provided services, including student archives management subsystems, mentor archives management subsystems, course management subsystems, teaching teachers manage subsystems, selection management subsystems, score management subsystems, printing post subsystems.
The solid line between the model elements in Figure 1 indicates that there is associated relationship. It is the USE case model of the student status management system. It contains only the most basic USE case model. It is the high-level abstraction of the system. During the development process, along with The understanding of the system is continuously deepening, the USE case model can be continuously refined from the top to evolve more detailed USE Case models.
3, open student status management system analysis and design
Systematic analysis and design is the implementation environment and system structure used by the study, and resulting in an object model, namely design model. The design model contains the implementation of the use case, which can express how the object communicates and operates to implement the USE Case stream. For the static structure of the system. The dynamic behavior of the system can be described by the object class diagram, the object map, the component graph, and the configuration diagram. These maps add support to the documentation constitutes a complete design model. (1) Analysis design of static structure
A large number of digital information resources in the student status management system, which are multiple media, multiple formats, and they are still associated with each other. The amount of data is large, and the information length is uncertain. Non-structured information and structures coexist more than information. The traditional database and information management system virtually implement the management and operation of these digitized information resources in terms of data model, system structure, user interface, etc., which determines that the management of objects must use the object-oriented approach to establish data models and management models. To establish an object-oriented database. Implement an object-oriented information management system. Using UML to perform the object-oriented analysis and design of the student status management system, you can start the characteristics of the management information resources from the bottom of the system, and make a good foundation for the next specific implementation. When establishing a model for a student status management system, a large number of model elements should be involved, such as object classes, interfaces, components, nodes, and diagrams. Figure 2 is a student class in a student status management system.
In the student class diagram of Figure 2, the properties and methods of the student class are included. For example: StudentID is a student's student number, and the data type is Bigint (8), and is the master code; SELECTCOURSE (CourseId: Bigint, Student: Bigint) Return Int, is a class method, its portal parameter is course number CourseID and students Students' StudentID, this method is the student for class.
(2) Analysis and design of dynamic structure
The various services provided by the School Management Museum are based on the distribution and open information structure. Relying on the high speed and reliable network ring to complete. Each service can be seen as an event stream, which is completed by several related object interactions. For collaborative relationships and process behaviors within this system, you can help observe and understand by drawing sequence diagrams and collaborative diagrams.
A state sequence experienced by an object during dual survival. It is very important for the migration change of the behavior and status of the object, which can be used back to understand the history of an object, causing an event to another state to another state, and actions thrown due to the state of state.
In addition, describing the workflow and concurrent processing behavior can also be used in the active diagram, expressing the control flow from one activity to another activity, the critical diagram, and collaborative diagrams are suitable for describing the collaborative behavior of multiple objects, and the status graph is suitable for describing an object through multiple Use case behavior. The difference between the state diagram and the activity diagram is that the state diagram describes the external behavior of the object class response event. The active diagram describes the behavior of the object class internally processed. Figure 3 is an active diagram of a student query score.
In Figure 3, students log in to the student status management system, enter their usernames and passwords, return if the username and password are incorrect, otherwise go to the next step: first select the query type (query grade), then enter the Query keyword, then inquiry, system The transcript is automatically generated.
4. Implementation, testing and system configuration of open student status management systems
After systematically, it is designed to design. The system's source code, executable program, and corresponding software documentation can be implemented according to the design model, and the active program and the corresponding software document are generated, and an executable system can be created. Then you need to take test and troubleshoot system to ensure that the system meets the predetermined requirements. Get a unlike system implementation, the result of debugging will confirm that the completed system can be truly used. The final system configuration tasks are configured, debug systems, and solve any problems that may exist before system formally use.
summary
UML is a powerful, object-oriented visual system analysis modeling language, which uses a complete set of mature modeling techniques, widely used in various applications. Its models can help developers better understand business processes, establish more reliable, and more complete system models. Thus users and developers have the same understanding of the problem to reduce semantic differences and ensure the correctness of analysis. Through the development of the student status management system, UML acts as a model language in software engineering, representing the development direction of software development technology for object-oriented methods, with significant economic value and defense value, and has gained extensive international Support, very good application prospects.
