Software and China ancient history: big history
[Mental Studio] Raptor [blog]
At the beginning of the year, I wrote a "Human Management and Ancient History: Programmer Yu" [8], I originally wanted to write into a series, and the result is only this article because of various reasons.
Because I just read Huang Renyu's "China History" in the previous period, the so-called learning is used, so I think that this "big history" is used to take a look at the software industry. Since it is said "big", I first expand the original "human management" to the entire "software" industry.
The content of "China Master History" has run through the history of Chinese history for more than two thousand years, and try to use a "big historical view" to analyze the causes of typical situations in Chinese history. The "big" "big" "" big "" "" big "" is to relax the field of view, which is not limited to one generation, but is comprehensive.
I am not a professional research history, so I can only borrow the analysis conclusions of Mr. Huang.
Under the rulings of the emperor of more than two thousand years, China's political structure is always managed by a bureaucratic manifest to manage millions of peasants in a rough line. In addition to a small amount of criminal law (even if only the implementation of only criminal law is largely, it is large to have a law enforcement official - such as Bao Gong - In fact, this is a satiric for the law), Rely on morality and cultural traditions (such as five normal, three from the like of Si De). Lack of laws like civil law to constrain social daily affairs.
This is called "Interior Design" [2] from Mr. Huang from the Spring and Autumn Period, Li Wei in Wu Guo, "County". After the Han Dynasty, he listened to Dong Zhongshu's suggestion, will be based on the principle of well-ethical and morality. Finally completed the dominant structure of the surrendering era. Since this management mechanism has not changed for two thousand years, this extreme rule of political system has largely replaced the role of the law.
Although this bureaucratic political structure has been very helpful to the consolidation of the empress of the empire and the economic development, it also has a lot of questions: the general champion, but the following is no name, the logic of the bureaucrats exceeds the actual administration Effectiveness, and etiquette can also replace administrative, etc. [2].
Since all the historical history is too long, they are fully integrated with China's traditional culture, and they are also visible today. Wang Xiaobo has said: China's culture has been brought to Kong Meng's philosophy, and forgetting culture should be multifaceted [4]. This also illustrates how this tradition is deeply rooted from another perspective.
Go back to the software.
The "dominant structure", "cultural tradition" mentioned above, and it is also visible in China's software companies. On the "programmer" of this year, there is a special report "On the" Top's "Pouring" "[3] parsed the square of Top in detail, revealing some typical typical in China software industry. phenomenon. This is a good example.
As reported by the report: Top is a typical Chinese software company. Song Ruhua is equivalent to the company's emperor. He rely on the history of five thousand yuan ago, like the Liu Bang, which is born, is full of legendary colors. The company's structure is also roughly equivalent to the above-mentioned bureaucratic structure, the top is the high-level management (equivalent to the ancient rule of the bureaucracy), and is the general developer represented by "5,000". It is equivalent to ancient peasant class).
There are countless software companies in China use similar structures, just different size. As for some so-called "big" software companies, its structure is the structure of a mechanism that is relatively independent of similar branch, and the structure in these branches.
Perhaps someone will say: It seems that foreign software companies are mostly the same.
However, it is not a god. The structure of domestic companies is still traditional as ethical morality as a link to maintain the upper and lower layers, and the structure of foreign companies is more dependent on a long-term formation mechanism. The difference here is the difference between the rule of law and the rule of law, is the difference between extremitism and liberalism.
Regarding the difference between the two, I have made some discussions on the blog. My point of view is roughly like this: in the case of human governance: the ruler is managed by the family rules, although the tradition of emperors is the country. Country law, but it has no "law" spirit, but it is just a family rule. The feature of the family rules is that it is usually established by the individual and can be transferred by the will of the highest ruler. It is very affected by the individual, and the core of the family rules is ethics. For example, the three is five often, the three from the Si Deyi, this ethical morality is played in ancient times to the ultimate performance. In such a case, the family regulation has a different force for people in different locations in the structure. Although China has also said that "Prince's Crime and Director Association" said, but this is just talking, individual cases are completely insufficient to explain, because the examples are far more than it, even if they are only In cases, most of them are victims of political struggle (I will have another copy of the question about political struggle in software companies.
In the case of the rule of law: Everyone is subject to the same constraints under the same law, and the law represents the will of most people. On the one hand, the law does not transfer with personal will, but it is not a constant. Its development change principle is only one: It is beneficial to most people. This legal system should be "full of vitality" (here, C. Alexander's definition "is defined [5]), can self-improvement and self-development in the case of the above principles. However, this development is completely different from the kind of chartering change that is usually present, it is a gradual improvement process under the above principle.
Although in most cases, I think the rule of law is superior. However, in terms of China's actual situation, people have much more cultural foundation than the rule of law. In particular, the current environment in China's software industry is very suitable for software companies that produce human cure structures.
This also wants to speak from history.
In ancient Central Plains, there is a sea in the east, there is a Yangtze River in the south, the west and desert, the north has bitter cold, the middle of the Yellow River Basin has created a safe agricultural environment. This geographical factor has created superior farming conditions and has produced excessive agricultural civilization. This agricultural civilization consisting of a large number of small self-cultivar farmers is best to manage with a highly extreme management system. This is an important reason for the Chinese ancient human governance structure and development to consolidate for two thousand years.
Of course, this excessive developed agricultural civilization has an inhibitory role in the development of industrial, and the high-level rule limits the development of business, and the financial and legal system cannot be produced, so that this small farmer is developing. After a certain degree, you can't have a big breakthrough, and finally go to decline.
The current Chinese software industry is quite similar to this.
In the article "On Torp's" Pouring "," Top is basically nothing universal software, all by the operation of the project to maintain software business. The source of the project is mainly the relationship. In this case, the status of the sales market will be far from the technology, and domestic software vendors are in such an environment to form the book and business. In such an irregular environment, several people often encounter a relationship. You can make a software company, such as ancient small farm farmers, such as the ancient self-cultivated farmers, can be self-reliant.
On the other hand, due to this irregular market environment, the software company has determined that the software company has no big stronger, as in the inhibitory effect of excessive agricultural civilization on the industry and commerce. Therefore, software companies can only turn to other directions, such as capital operation, real estate, health products, etc., because, as in the text: Anyway, it is not as good as "making fast money". Therefore, after Top entering the capital market, technology has become a guise of capital operation and become a tool for capital.
I remembers that Liu Chuanzhi is one of the elected people in the first CCTV selection, and he said in the technical environment on the TV interviews in the year: China's current environment is still not. It's just four or five years, and this environment doesn't seem to be. In such an environment, imitating foreign software companies engaging in "rule of law", but the result is not a trapezer. So in such an environment, add the historical origins mentioned earlier, and concentrate on doing a good job, I am afraid it is a better way than the rule of law. And in fact, most software companies have adopted such a law method. Or take Top as an example, in "On Torp's" Pouring "", you can often see comments such as Top: Ren Yishi; the top boss takes the head, following the turn ... These are typical people characteristics .
Since it is necessary to manage software companies in a manifestation method, we must have the psychological preparation of "fish and bear's own", and cannot be expected to use the humanitulation, and we also want to enjoy the benefits of the rule of law.
In the "programmer Yu", "the article", I have already said the problem about the loyalty of employees: a very important reason is the so-called "scholars who know the people". In fact, under the people, the company is the boss company - such as the so-called "Under the trend of the ancient times", in this case, it is not reasonable to show the "company-based" spirit. Because this is not an employee company - of course, if it is changed in the context of the rule of law.
It is because in this case, the boss is the company's "monarch", so don't try to introduce the rule of law of foreign companies usually used, the correct way should be referring to learning Makijavi's "主" [6] (or domestic "Thickness"), relying on your own means to achieve your goal.
In the "主 论", it is clear that if a monarch has lost his country, it can only be guilty of his incompetence, and it is impossible to be anything else. For a monarch country, this is no doubt. This is consistent with me in the "programmer Yu", and the responsibility of the company's failure to the underlying developer is not reasonable.
To maintain a monarch, you must pay attention to three aspects: a strong army; the support of the people;
For a software company, a united team (including development and market) is the most powerful army. As the mercenary and foreign aids are unresolved, as the company boss, they must have such power, but can not expect temporary recruiters to achieve their goals.
In "Chapter" [7], some bosses are taboo such a team, afraid that they will form private parties, even deliberately cause internal struggles, and the manufacturing team suicide. In fact, this is precisely because the boss has no confidence in the control team. Marka provides some practices worth learning from this:
A wise monarch must find a way to make his citizens have to ask the country and himself in any period. Because of this, it can guarantee that the minister will always be loyal to him. / Damage should be done once, while clothhui needs a little bit.
It is also important to: The boss must have a considerable personal charm. This is irreplaceable.
As the core idea of "Monarch", that is: for the purpose, no means. The vast majority of people are also doing so, but the problem is that this unscrupulous means must be concealed.
Only some of the above practices can be guaranteed to be guaranteed to get the "people's support."
And the protection of nobles refers to the need to be aware of some high-level management. They may form the potential power of the private parties, they are closer to the next person than the boss, which can block the boss to the following audiovisual, or cause the lower person's dissatisfaction, so that the tile team. In addition, usually, they also control the resources of the company, I have heard that there is a software company's executive to use the company's resources to relate to affordable things.
It is precisely because of a problem with a problem, it may be quite huge, so it is necessary to prevent them. But not to say that all executives have problems. If they are not distinguished, they will not be able to affect them, it will inevitably affect the company's normal operation. For highly managed executives, it is still trackable. For example, if a executive is going to himself in a high-tester - or hit the scorpion of his team -, it will be pushed down when he encounters the problem, and the executive is generally how much is it. A bit problem.
Finally, talk about problems that do not avoid existence in people.
I have said before, a major feature of human management is composed of two layers of up and down, and the middle relies on morality and cultural traditions to maintain.
Due to the two layers of separation, the high-level management personnel have undefined understanding of the work of the next technician, but the upper layer often has too much intervention in this case where there is no in-depth understanding. This is a need to pay attention to the high-level leaders should not cross the interference to excessive specific details.
As the performance of the upper and lower layer maintenance, the upper manager is managed in accordance with its own subjective will, and the lack of stability of the system is usually manifested as a chartered, or "taking the head" like Top, the result is the following personnel. In addition, if there is anything else, it is the virtual "corporate culture". Yu Shiwei [9] said that corporate culture needs time accumulation, and so-called corporate culture is the performance of personal culture of the company's highest manager. For most software companies that have no heavy history, the so-called "corporate culture" is more harmful than the benefit (so I said it is inevitable).
The solution to such a problem is to formulate "family rules" - company rules and regulations. The company's rules and regulations are a certain extent like country law, including the constitution, criminal law, etc., but usually the problem is to lack part of civil law. Although the Civil Law Part is not as important to the company's company, some of the people of the civil law are properly added, and there is a great advantage for the stabilization team. Also, according to the statement of Marqui Vivi, the monarch still has the power and freedom of abandonment. But I think this still needs to maintain proper stability - it can also be understood that it is hidden in the abuse.
The specific approach can refer to the experience of my friend's work, when he sets a rules and regulations for the company, it is recommended to join a boss: the company can make changes to the rules and regulations at any time, but all modifications will issue an announcement. And the modified regulations are executed after the announcement. This ensures that the boss has a modified freedom when it feels dissatisfied with the original regulations, and also guarantees that the employee does not encounter a wonderful penalty because the boss will change.
The above is a little experience after personal reading, combined with a little working experience, is inevitably inevitable, for reference only.
Reference: [1] Huang Renyu "China History" [2] Huang Renyu "Talk about China History on the Whole" [3] Xiong Jianguo "On Top's" Pour Rad "(" Programmer "2004 No. 6) [4] Wang Xiaobo, "My Spirit Home" [5] C. Alexander "The Eternal Road of Architecture" [6] Makiya Vivi "Monarch" [7] T. Demarco & T.Lister "People" [8] Raptor "person Management and China Ancient History: Programmer Yun "[9] Yu Shi Wei" successful professional manager lecture "
[Mental Studio] Raptor NOV.14, DEC.12-04
