1. Linux origin, characteristics and application areas
The core of the Linux operating system was earliered by Finland's Linus Torvalds in August 1991 [Torvals 25 years old], the year of Torvals 25 years old], later passed many world top software engineers constantly modified and perfect, Linux is popular in global Open, more and more applications in the server areas and personal desktop version, which are unparalleled advantages of other operating systems in embedded development, and showing Linux powerful power at 100% of users per year. .
Linux is a free 32-bit multi-worker operating system. The operation mode is very similar to the UNIX system, but the stability of the Linux system, the multi-worker capacity and network function is already a multi-commercial operating system, Linux also One of the biggest features is that the source code is fully open, and anyone can make, spread, and even modify the source code.
Linux also has the following features compared to other operating systems:
1 Adopt class catalog structure, clear file classification, easy management
2 Support multiple file systems, such as EXT2FS, ISOFS, and Windows file system FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, etc.
3 has portability, the system core is only less than 10% of the source code to prepare the assembly language, and the rest are written in C language, so highly graftability
4 can be equipped with other operating systems such as Windows98 / 2000 / XP, etc.
Second, mainstream Linux operating system release profile
For Linux essence, it is just the core of the operating system, responsible for controlling hardware, managing file systems, program processes, etc. Linux Kernel is not responsible for providing user powerful applications, no compilers, system management tools, network tools, office suite, multimedia, drawing software, etc., such systems can not play their powerful features, users can not be utilized This system works, so someone proposes that Linux kernel is integrated with a set of system programs or application tool programs to form a complete operating system, and the Linux kit is called Linux release.
Foreign packaged Linux is the most successful in Red Hat (also known as "Red Hat Linux"), OpenLinux, SUSE, TURBOLINUX, etc.:
Red Hat Linux: http://www.redhat.com
Red Hat is a strong company that is a strong company, which not only shows the heart of Linux business software, but also in 1999, Nasta Ke, who is mainly based on US technology stocks, lets company stocks successfully listed, Red Hat gradually be arch for Linux business. Terminal leader.
Red Hat is currently the highest sales, the easiest installation of the most suitable for beginners, is also the most popular Linux issued suite in the world. Its marketing, packaging and service are quite good, and developed RPM suits. Managers and the X desktop environment GNOME multi-software and feed their source code to Open Source Community.
It is also because of the convenience of Red Hat, the installer makes all the system's architecture or software installation, and the user has learned a shallow knowledge of the set value on the GUI interface (graphical user interface), as for software installation Those files, which file catalog is installed, which settings are made, and the user does not know anything. Once the system program is really encountered, it is more difficult to solve the problem.
Caldera OpenLinux: http://www.caldera.com/
Caldera positions OpenLinux system to be easy to use and set up, to integrate usage environments and end-user office environments, easy to install and easy to manage as system goals, are expected to become the most popular company desktop Linux operating system, suitable for the first Scholars are used, all installed 10GB hard disk space. Caldera has the installer wizard of the graphics interface of self-developed, the installation process can play Russia, providing a complete KDE desktop environment, with powerful business software, such as STAROFFICE, graphical interface hard disk splitting tool Partition Magic, etc..
SUSE Linux: http://www.suse.com/
SUSE is the most popular Linux distribution in Europe, and SUSE is the pioneer of software internationalization, allowing software to support all national language systems, contribute quite abundance, SUSE is also using rpm as a software installation management program, but SUSE is not suitable for newbie, provided Multi-tool software, all of which need to 4.5GB of hard disk space, and the installation process is also more complicated.
TurboLinux: http://www.turbolinux.com/
TurboLinux is a Linux distribution version of Japan. Its biggest feature is to issue three forms of Japanese version, Chinese Jane / Traditional, English version. The promotion experience of software internationalization is rich, and the difficulty of installation and system settings is Red Hat is almost, and the installation interface is Chinese, the system itself supports Chinese simplifications, and has a large number of users in China.
The relatively successful success of the domestic Linux distribution is the red flag and medium soft version. The interface is very beautiful, the installation is relatively easy, the new version gradually blocks some underlying operations, suitable for newbie. Both versions are Linux projects from the National 863 program undertaken from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, but regardless of stability and compatibility with foreign versions have certain gaps, operation interface and habits and Windows are more and more like. Provide certain technical support and after-sales service, suitable for domestic low-cost operating system solutions.
Red Flag Linux: http://www.redflag-linux.com/index.php
Soft Linux: http://www.cosix.com. (Edited: Liu Yaojun)
