Supply Chain Management Model of Commercial Enterprises Luheng
Supply Chain refers to the supply and demand network of raw materials suppliers, producers, wholesaler, retailers, and final consumers involved in product production and circulation. The business company's business range is a downstream of the supply chain for retailers and end users at all levels. Since commercial enterprises is a link to production and consumption, in the process of driving industrialization in information, whether the success of commercial enterprises can reduce cost and improve the key. To some extent, the core of business enterprise information construction is to supply and connect management. Supply Chain Management refers to the plan, organization, coordination and control of logistics, business flow, business flow, value stream, capital flow and information flow in the supply chain. Its goal is to increase the speed, benefits, and added value of the entire supply chain, bring huge economic benefits for all trading partners across the supply chain. From the perspective of supply chain management, the Management Information System (MIS) or Enterprise Resource Program Management (ERP) of Commercial Enterprises should be integrated into the various functional departments of the supply chain, realizing electronic operation, making logistics, information flow and The fund flow is in an orderly flow in the supply chain.
General larger commercial companies include marketing, finance, public relations, warehousing, distribution and other functional departments. In the traditional mode of operation, the departments are in a relatively isolated state. The information transfer is always a bottleneck. For example, the financial statements cannot be summarized in time. The customer needs cannot be conveyed in time. The market is unable to report and dispose, logistics, information flow. And the funds of the fund is wrong, making management and customers count countless. By strengthening the information construction of supply chain management as the core, the following goals should be achieved within the enterprise:
Department of communication
Enterprises are as a whole, communication and coordination between enterprises, communication and coordination are the necessary conditions for enterprises to maintain overall competitiveness and provide good service. If the location of each department or outpoint is relatively scattered, the virtual enterprise internal network can be established on the wide area network, and the information system of each department is integrated, and a highly efficient platform is built for information.
Timely reaction
The information transfer method of traditional paper medium is greatly hindered by its inherent limitations, which greatly hinders the transmission speed of logistics and information flow, so that companies cannot maximize their customers' requests for rapid acquisition of the goods, and cannot respond to a certain job. An unexpected situation in the link. However, on the basis of a highly integrated information system, the smart strategy can be successfully implemented, so that the customer's requirements are shared in various departments in the first time, so that the market changes can be dealt with market changes in time, and won the customer's cost.
Integration of business functions
By strengthening the management of the supply chain, it can be detained by the departments within the enterprise, avoiding large, smaller and smaller operation mode, such as the individual warehousing, distribution and other departments of subsidiaries can be combined, directly managed by the headquarters. This can effectively reduce costs and improve service quality.
Perfect customer service
Customer Relationship Management, integrated in supply chain management, as an interface and pipeline exchanged by customers and enterprise, so that companies can inform customers the current transaction, and can accept customer information in time, as a company next step An important basis for planning and development. Through customer relationship management, customers can share corporate information resources to improve customer loyalty and enhance corporate competitiveness.
We will discuss the supply chain management system to use the enterprise information system (MIS or ERP) platform, the customer order information stream, will provide sales management, order management, storage management, distribution management, financial management, and customer relationship management of each system. Integrate, make information sharing in various departments. The system target structure is shown in Figure 1. By strengthening supply chain management, all functional departments can make clear and detailed division of labor, planning a variety of planned tasks, thereby reducing costs and gaining powerful competitiveness.
(Figure 1 System Target Structure)
To facilitate discussion, we now build a virtual commercial company to build a logical model for the supply chain management system by abstract and analyzing its organizational structure, departmental functions and business processes. 1 Enterprise Organization Structure
We abstract the company's departments into several business departments such as sales, finance, public relations, warehousing and distribution, and the organizational structure is shown in Figure 2. We define the category of supply chain management within five functional departments of sales, finance, public relations, warehousing and distribution. As can be seen from the figure, only the warehousing and distribution departments are directly involved in logistics.
(Figure 2 Enterprise Organization Structure)
2 business process
We use the supply chain management as a clue, with the centers of customer order information, to manage the business processes within the system as the center of management.
On-site workflow analysis
Field workflow analysis is a description of the actual process of system business in the supply chain, which is a transition from a comprehensive to analyze, reflecting the detailed process and processing of actual business work. Workflow analysis describes the orderly flow of information flow, logistics, and capital flow reflects the order of functional sectors to handle business processes and input and output.
The field workflow from the angle of supply chain is shown in Figure 3. The entire stage supply process begins with the customer's order, and the customer receives the end of the order. Procedure A indicates that the customer's order, the process B table is the customer payment confirmation transaction, the process c indicates that the customer order information is passed to the storage center to start the logistics process, and the process D indicates that the storage center has synthesized a certain amount of orders and sends the order to the distribution department, process E The distribution department is assigned to the order to the customer according to the order. The sales department shows product information to customers through the web interface, and all the goods subscribed by customers have become an electronic order, while the customer's payment submits the financial department to confirm the transaction. The order management system generates a valid order to pay the sales department archive while passing to the logistics department. The storage center will summarize, sorted, shipments and modify inventory information for a while, and the delivery department is distributed according to each order. Sales, warehousing and distributions have established an interface with the Customer Relationship Management System (CRM). The sales department can establish a personalized file for each customer and predict the inventory of the inventory that needs to meet in the near future. Customers can track the flow of current ordering through the system.
(Figure 3 on-site workflow)
The physical life cycle we study is based on the supply chain, and the customer order is centered, and the order information is generated from generated until the end is running in the system. The physical lifecycle is shown in Figure 4, using two symbols of circles and rectangles, circular representing some entity in the service, rectangular means a step of step by step, and its content is described. The physical life cycle describes the system's investigation work from analysis to integrate.
(Figure 4 Entity Lifecycle)
(Figure 4 Entity Lifecycle)
Order information starts from the customer, runs through sales management, order management, financial management, warehouse management, distribution management, reflecting the whole process of information flow on the supply chain. Order information Triggered the fund flow when entering the financial management system, triggered the logistics when entering the warehouse management system, and then the information flow is accompanied by logistics until the end customer is arrived.
3 system data flow
Data Flow Digram uses symbols to reflect the flow, storage, processing, and use of data and information in the system, and is the main tools describing the system logic model. We divide the information system into both ports and rear ends in accordance with the flow of order information, in which the front end includes orders management, financial management, and customer management, and the rear end includes warehousing and distribution. We can see that the front-end service is extremely close, the data exchange is frequent, the transaction happens here, and triggered the logistics of the last ring on the supply chain; the backend service is actually accompanied by the logistics process of the order information, its work It is completely borne by the company, but its process is not completely invisible for customers, and it is always reported to the user through the information about the ordering of the order through the interface with the CRM, providing the user's tracking service.
The top-level data flow of the supply chain management system is shown in Figure 5. Below we will analyze the data flow separately on the front and back ends. (Figure 5 system top-level data flow)
Front end data flow
The front end DFD is shown in Figure 6. The client confirms the item to ordered by the web interface and submit orders. The order management system first verifies that the order format and the content are correct. If not correct, inform the customer to re-filled it, if it is correct, press the order content to be processed and backed up in the system. When the order is processed, the system generates a financial account to the customer and check the payment method selected. If it is a transfer or remittance method, the system checks the customer's financial record. If the customer has not paid, notify the customer to pay as soon as possible, if the payment or customer will choose the goods to pay, will be processed into a valid order. The system records this second transaction information according to the effective order, informs the customer's transaction, and archives the customer information. Subsequently, the system submits a valid order to the logistics department, and the supply chain process is transferred to the backend system.
(Figure 6 system front end DFD)
Back end data flow
Order information flows through the warehousing and distribution departments in the backend system, combining the full-time management platform of the departments, forming effective supply chain management for the logistics process.
The warehousing department order information data flow is shown in Figure 7. The system submits the effective order to the storage center to stimulate the logistics process, and communicate the current position and flow to the customer through CRM. The system will summarize the valid order submitted in the front end, generate a shipping list, modify the inventory information and inventory account, and then sort the goods from inventory and follow the shipments. Subsequently, the logistics process is transferred to the distribution department.
(Figure 7 Warehouse Center DFD)
The distribution department order information data flow is shown in Figure 8. The system will pay a valid order and shipping list with the goods and submit the distribution department, and inform the customer to the customer through CRM to notify the customer to pay the goods. The system will be sorted and packaged according to effective order, generate a delivery order and customer invoice. Subsequent distribution center distributes according to the delivery address, after checking, the system generates the distribution account, and archives the completed valid order. At this point, the logistics is completed, the supply chain process arrived at the end.
(Figure 8 distribution department DFD)
4 modular integration
Significant feature of supply chain management is to closely link each link participating in product circulation. Since the product will eventually flow to the customer, the interactive mechanism to join the same customers will effectively improve the quality of service and may obtain additional benefits. Figure 9 lists each functional module integrated with supply chain management, and highlights the interface with CRM. Since the module design is discussed in the technical level, it is not intended here.
(Figure 9 Supply Chain Management Integrated Module)
We discussed the supply chain management model of commercial enterprises. Through the specific to abstract process, we abstract sales, finance, warehousing, distribution, customer relationships and other core links from the enterprise supply chain. Since commercial enterprises do not involve product production, the construction of models is relatively simple and clear, and has the basic elements of the supply chain - information flow, logistics and capital flow. The information stream of customer orders is the center that is always concerned during the construction process of the entire model. Various analyzes are deployed around customer order information flow, and each function module is connected by customer order information, and triggers logistics processes and capital flow processes. This also reflects the ultimate goal of the supply chain - serving customers. The model pays attention to the interaction with the customer, allowing the supply chain to be visible to the customer.
The supply chain management model discussed herein is just an abstraction and epitome of the real supply chain. This section of the supply chain described in the article is traced with the production sectors and raw materials supply departments at all levels, and there are also distribution systems and retail departments at the commercial category. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is only for the throwing bricks to introduce a substantially outline of a supply chain management system. By constructing and improving a complete, efficient, intelligent supply chain from the top providers to end customers, will help achieve optimal configuration and profit of social resources. There is no doubt that relying on enterprise information platform to strengthen supply chain management, it will not only bring huge economic benefits and social benefits, but also the way of the company's modernization.
