Eight, the main board term interpretation chipset: The chipset is the soul of the motherboard, which determines the functions that the motherboard can support. At present, the common chipches in the market have products such as Intel, VIA, SIS, ALI, AMD and other companies. Among them, Intel's mainstream products are 440bx, i820, i815 / 815e, etc. Via mainly has a chipset from VIA Apollo Pro 133 / 133A, KT 133. SIS is mainly SIS 630 chipset. Ali mainly has an Ali ALADDIN TNT2 chipset, and AMD has AMD 750 chipset. Among them, in addition to Intel's I820, I815 / 815E chipset, all chipsets are composed of two chips: the piece of the CPU is called North Bridge chip, mainly responsible for controlling CPU, memory and display; close to PCI slot The piece called South Bridge, mainly responsible for controlling input and output (such as support for hard disk UDMA / 66/200 mode), soft and sound, etc. And Intel's I820, I815 / 815E chipset uses a new structure, consisting of three chips. They are MCH (Memory Controller Hub, which is similar to the North Bridge), ICH (I / O Controller Hub, function is similar to South Bridge), FWH (FireWare Hub, function is similar to the BIOS chip). Since the new chipset uses a special bus (generally referred to as accelerator hub structure AHA, Acplerated Hub Architecture) to connect to the main board, rather than using the PCI bus using the PCI bus, so there is a relatively larger Efficiency improvement. CPU interface: Due to most CPUs in the market are Intel and AMD products, only Socket 370 (support Intel new Celeri and Coppermine "copper" processor), Slot 1 (support Intel) Celeron and old PIII processor can also add a connection card to support the Socket 370 processor), Slot A (support AMD Athlon processor), Socket A (supporting AMD New Athlon and Duron processor), etc. Several interfaces. Uncount between different interfaces (only the SLOT 1 interface can be accepted to support the Socket 370 processor). Everyone should recognize it when you purchase. New practical technique: a. Soft jumper technology: The so-called jumper is a set of open-off switches, through the different combinations of communication, break, to achieve the purpose of adjusting the CPU frequency or implement some other functions (such as adjusting the voltage). The previous jumpers are generally consisting of a set of metal pins or dialed switches. Since the classic soft jumper technology of the promotion company SoftMenu, many manufacturers have also added this feature to set the CPU frequency and voltage directly in the BIOS. However, due to the more serious viruses such as CiH, some companies have retained functions such as hard jumpers such as DIP switches. B. New BIOS upgrade technology: Previous BIOS upgrade is considered a "master" patent. Therefore, it has certain risks, so ordinary users don't dare to get involved easily. But some vendors have developed some special BIOS upgrade features, making the BIOS upgrade will never be as dangerous and mysterious as before. For example, MSI new 815 motherboard can be upgraded directly on the Internet, as long as you connect to the network, the system will automatically detect your BIOS version. If you find that the product you use has a new BIOS file, you will download and update it automatically. Reduce the user's operation. Make the BIOS simpler. C. Energy saving function: The current energy-saving function mainly has two types of STD and STR.
STD (SUSPEND TO DISK), hangs to the hard disk, refers to the system saved on the hard disk when the system is in depth. When it is turned on again, it can save the restart time. At present, the STD technology has been eliminated, updated Is STR technology. STR (SUSPEND TO RAM), hangs to memory, ie, save the data in memory when the system depth sleeps, and then restart to the original state takes about 3 seconds. This technique is supported by the current newer motherboards (such as 815 motherboards). D. Asynchronous memory adjustment technology: In VIA's chipset VIA Apollo Pro 133 / 133A and KT 133, there is a function of memory and outer frequency asynchronous. That is, under the standard outer frequency (such as 66 MHz or 100MHz, etc.), the frequency can be operated by 33 MHz or higher than the outer frequency. This technology greatly facilitates some old users, so you can use reasonable matching that will compare new memory and comparison CPUs (or more old memory and comparison new CPUs) to give full play to their functions. However, it should be noted that if the frequency of memory operation will not be increased in accordance with this rule, the frequency of memory operation will not be increased in accordance with this rule. E. Extended slot frequency: Each type of bus has its own rated running frequency, if it exceeds too much, it may cause the device to run abnormal. For example, the rated frequency of the PCI device is 33MHz, and the rated frequency of the AGP device is 66MHz. When the outer frequency is running at 100MHz, the PCI device needs to work in terms of three-thirds to ensure the normal operation of the equipment (such as sound card and other devices), which is usually the three divided division; if the outer frequency is in 1333MHz, PCI equipment requires quadrupler. If the outer frequency rises, even quadre frequency, it is much higher than the standard frequency, and the AGP device usually only supports quadrature, so in high extraction (such as 150MHz), if the PCI device (sound card) Or the AGP device (graphics card) is not good, will strictly affect the overclocking performance of the entire system. At present, the PCI bus only supports quadrestriction, and the AGP bus only supports quadrature. Safety technology: Some safety protection technologies are essential because the current virus is very harmful. For example, in the protection of BIOS, there have been a variety of forms. The simplest is to write a write protection jumper by BIOS to avoid viruses; there is also a double BIOS, even if there is a destroyed, there is another work, such as Gigabyte, this technology; even The manufacturers have developed by the manufacturers, such as Lenovo's "invincible lock", "Zeus", etc., the principle is also to avoid viral infringement BIOS. Motherboard diagnostic technology is also a relatively practical technology. Such as MSI D-LED technology is to repay the fault with four lights. If the graphics card fault is represented by two red lights, the memory fault is indicated by three red lights. This helps some beginners to judge the fault in order to treat the disease. The voice prompt technology developed by Shuettke will cure the voice chip on the motherboard, and the fault can be "said" out (using the chassis little speaker), which is more preferences for some chasing people. New interface: AGP Pro interface: With the power of graphics card processing functions, its energy consumption is getting higher and higher, and traditional AGP slots can no longer meet the needs. The AGP Pro slot is longer than the ordinary AGP slot, which increases some ground lines, so that the signal is more stable, in the interference of the large current, this can improve the accuracy of data transmission, so that the graphics card is more stable. CNR Slots: (Communication and Networking RiSer) is a new slot that appears on the new i815e chipset.
It supports Ethernet cards and modems, and features a bit similar to the AMR slot, but more powerful. 440bx chipset: Intel is designed to support high-frequency Pentium II, which has two improvements on 440LX: First, Pentium II of 400MHz; Second, memory can be extended to 1GB. The 440EX chipset: It is an Intel to support the chipset developed by the "Celeron" microprocessor. It is positioned at a low price of personal computers, and the maximum memory it makes up can support 256MB. 440FX chipset: It is a chipset developed by the Pentium Pro microprocessor. It is three-piece structure, 82441FX (system and memory controller), 82442FX (data bus accelerator), 82371SB (PCI, ISA, IDE acceleration controller). 440LX chipset: It is two-piece structure, which introduces QPA four-port acceleration design, making dynamic arbitration speed faster; pipeline diversification is more reasonable; UITRA DMA performance is improved, so that the hard disk transfer is faster. 450nx chipset: It is the super chipset developed by Intel as the high-end server. Mainly developed by DESCHUTES (enhanced Pentium II) chips. Target is positioned in the server, high-end workstation. Its Cache can be extended to 2MB. 5591 5595 Slices: It is a chipset developed by SIS company specially to support the high frequency Pentium level CPU of the Socket-7 structure. It can support the AGP graphics accelerator card. Some can also support 100MHz bus frequencies, the CPU main frequency can support 266MHz; SDRAM memory can be extended to 768MB. ACPI power interface: It is a new feature that Pentium is unique to the motherboard. The role is to save energy when managing various components within the management of the computer. SMP symmetrical multi-processing mode: It is characterized by inserting two CPUs, support alternating operations to improve the work efficiency of the CPU. But the characteristics of the two CPU must be exactly the same. AGP Slots: (Accelerated-Graphics-Port: Accelerated graphics port) It is a bus structure that is built to alleviate video bandwidth. It connects the display card directly to the chipset of the motherboard to perform point-to-point transmission. But it is not a regular bus, because it can only be connected to the AGP graphics card, there is no general purpose and scalability. The frequency of its work is 66MHz, which is doubled by the PCI bus, and can provide 528MB / s data transfer rate for video devices. Therefore, it is actually a super-collection of PCI. AMD-640 chipset: This chipset is AMD's product. Its features are: support all Pentium level CPUs, specifically optimize AMD-K6-CPU; can truly play SDRAM high-speed performance over 66MHz; also has remote wake-up function; and there is a USB interface controller, but it does not Support AGP. ASUS slot: It is a design that ASUS is doing new sink on the motherboard it produced. Its structure is a short slot after the PCI slot is used in conjunction with ASUS's own supporting sound card. ATX Plate: Its layout is "horizontal" board design, just put the Baby-AT board type, this increases the space of the motherboard to lead the port, so that the motherboard can integrate more extension. ATX Power: The ATX power is a power supply for the ATX motherboard, which adds some new roles to it; one is to increase the power supply in the shutdown state to provide a set of micro-current (5V / 100mA). The second is to increase the 3.3V low voltage output.
Baby-AT board type: The "vertical" plate design, that is, the short side is located behind the chassis, so that the space of the various extraction ports on the motherboard is small, which is not conducive to plugging various leads and peripherals. BIOS: BiOS (Basic-Input - & - Output-System: Basic Input / Output System) is a special manager in a dedicated EPROM chip in advance in advance. The motherboard is the control and coordination between the various components through this manager. CMOS: CMOS is a readable write-writable RAM chip on the computer motherboard, which protects the hardware configuration of the current system and the setting of the user to certain parameters. The current manufacturers make CMOS programs to the BIOS chip, and can set the system when booting, and enter the CMOS setup program to set the system. So being called BIOS settings again. COM port: A motherboard typically has two COM serial ports. Usually used to connect the mouse and communication devices (such as connected external Modems), etc. Concurrent PCI: Concurrent PCI bus technology, it is actually a reinforced structure of PCI. Used to improve between CPUs and PCI, CPUs and memory, which is Intel first in use in 440FX. DIMM: (DUAL-inline-menory-modules) is a new 168-wire memory slot. It is to be longer than the SIMM slot, you can plug a single SDRAM that does not exceed 64MB. And it also supports a new 168-wire EDO-DRAM memory. EIDE: EIDE (Enhanced IDE: Enhanced IDE) is a standard interface for Pentium above the motherboard. Two EIDE interfaces are usually available on the motherboard. In the Pentium above the motherboard, EDIE is integrated into the motherboard. EISA Bus: EISA (Extended Industy Standard Architecture: Extended Industrial Standard Structure) is a bus extension criterion designed with 32-bit CPUs. It absorbs the essence of IBM microchannel bus and is compatible with ISA bus. But today has been eliminated. Flash: Flash (flash-memory: Quick modified memory) It is Pentium or more main boards to store BIOS programs. I / O chip: There are I / O control circuits on the board, on the board, on the board. It is responsible for providing a serial, parallel interface, and floppy drive control interface. IDE: IDE (Integrated Device Electronics): An interface type of a disk drive, also known as an ATA interface. Up to two IDE interface devices can be connected, allowing the maximum hard disk capacity 528 megabytes, control lines and data cables to connect with a 40-core flat cable to the hard disk interface card. The data transfer rate is 3.3 Mbps-8.33Mbps. ISA Bus: Industry Standard Architecture: Industrial Standard Architecture: The bus standard made by IBM's PC / AT computer, which is 16-bit architecture, only supporting 16-bit I / O equipment, data transmission rate is approximately 8MB / S. Also known as the AT standard. MVP3 chipset: It is the latest product launched after VIA after VP3. It supports a 100MHz bus frequency. Motherboard memory can be extended to 1GB, support ECC function, and Cache can support 2MB. PCI bus: PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect: External Device Interconnection) is a bus structure that is launched by the SIG Group.
