With the rapid development of information technology, competition is increasingly intense. Technical advantages are quickly transcendence, business models are also easy to be copied, and companies create core competitiveness as the primary task of survival and development. Corporate culture is the soil that cultivates the core competitiveness of the company. It brings power and cohesiveness to enterprises, so that the enterprise is evergreen and reaches excellence. Can corporate culture from? It is well known that the ideological guidance behavior, the accumulation of behavior is accumulated, and finally precipitation is cultural. Therefore, the construction of corporate culture should start from ideas, and the formation of quality culture should also begin with quality thoughts.
Before the 1930s, the quality control is mainly used by post-test inspection. It does not improve product quality, but it has reduced the factory waste rate. Until 1924, Huhaward proposed a complete set of quality control methods based on statistical principles. The quality control developed from the inspection phase to the statistical process control stage, using Huhadi-king quality control map for quality control. Huihart believes that the quality of the product is not tested, but the quality control of production, quality control should be placed in the manufacturing stage, thus launching quality control to the manufacturing stage. In 1961 Fenggenburma proposed a comprehensive quality management theory (TQM), extending quality control to the entire process of product life cycle, emphasizing all employees participating in quality control. DEMING, Juling (Julan)
, The three masters of Croerby (CROSBY) have also used their familiar language system to further interpretation of comprehensive quality management. Dai Ming uses mathematics, puts forward the concept of "continuous improvement"; Juling uses physics, advocates "quality management three steps - quality plan, quality control, quality improvement"; Crawardibby is used Medicine, created "zero defect" thinking. Later, these ideas are applied to quality system standards, such as ISO9000, CMM, etc. to guide people's quality management. The following respects these aspects (three steps of Juling can be discussed from the perspective of continuous improvement, so omitted) to discuss the idea of quality management, experience the essence of quality management.
1. Dai Ming's continuous improvement concept
Before discussing the idea of continuous improvement, first look at the cultural in Buddhism: On the Temple, the Daxiong Temple, often serve the three big Buddhas, these three big Buddhas represent the three, the first is the Buddha, that is, the method There is only one paper to talk to the trip; the second is to report the Buddha, representing the application, which is the understanding method, will apply to practice; the third is the incarnation Buddha, which means learning the method, and after application Improved and revised, then promote and replicate, that is, the "three thousand" said by the Buddha's house, it has become three thousand body, that is, the prostitute is sentient.
The concept of continuous improvement in Diming is mainly reflected in the PDCA cycle, and its ideological origin is exactly the same as "three thousand" in the Buddha. P Representing the "Plan", that is, the determination policy, goals, and event plans; D represents "implementation", which is to implement the content of the plan; C represents "inspection", that is, track and monitor execution, identify the problem; A representative "Action" is to handle the problem of identifying and constantly summarizing and improving.
In general, PDCA is not a single loop, which is a process of a large ring belt clip. If the work of the entire enterprise is a large PDCA loop, each department, the group also has a small PDCA cycle, just like a planetary rotation, the large ring drives the small ring, the first level with one level, organically constitute one Working system. On the other hand, the PDCA cycle is not horizontal, but the process of stepped rising. Each time, a part of the problem is solved, obtaining a result, and further, the level will increase the level. In the next loop, there is a new goal and content, then a new step. 2. Craward's zero defective thinking
What is "zero"? In mathematics, "nothing", but Laozi said: "Tao life, a life of the second, two students three, three thousand people." It seems that "zero" is not nothing, but it is exactly the source of all things! The Cokers believes that "zero" "" zero "is a mentality that is intolerable; it is the first time to make the right thing to make a correct pursuit. Defect? We usually believe that defects are "lacking or not enough place", while Cokers think it is the difference between the status quo and "customer requirements", not the status quo and the so-called "perfect" state. Difference. "Zero-Defect" management thinks emphasizes that any work is a process; to be customer-centered, resulting as the basis for the facts and data; establish management to meet customers, employees and suppliers and effectively coordinate their relationships system.
From Zen, we can also understand the thoughts of zero defects: "The body is a Bodhi tree, the heart is like a mirror station. Time and diligent, so much. That is to say we have to wipe the heart every day, don't let it contaminate any dust. Why is this idea of zero defects? "Mirror of Heart" is "quality", "wiping" is "quality control" method, and "dust" is a possible "defect". The goal of quality management is to work hard to discover defects, then pick out, leave it. And the Master Hui Neng said: "No. There is nothing, where does the dust need to wipe?". That is, "I have to do things in the first time, which is also a defect to control it?"
3. ISO9000 core ideas
The ISO9000's idea is reflected in the principle of eight quality management, which is the most general principles abstract in the modern enterprise management system, which condenses the essence of more than half a century manager. These eight principles are: with customers 'attention, leaders' role, full participation, process methods, management system methods, continuous improvement, and factual decision-making methods, mutually beneficial supplier relationships. In addition to this eight principles, ISO9000 also uses the "prevention-oriented" ideas. This idea is also reflected in our ancient culture. For example, the 突 徙 故 故 由于 由于 由于 火 火 火 火 火 火 火 火 把 去 去 火 去 去 去 去 去 去 去 去 去 去 去
The ISO9000 standard also has its limitations, which is the establishment and implementation of the quality system to achieve control functions of quality. Such standard systems seem to have a car's operating manual, with operating procedures and operational guidelines, understand and own the manual and cannot guarantee that you can drive well. At present, many companies implementing ISO9000 have such problems: the work is cumbersome, the efficiency is low, the file and record are bloated, and the cost is high. Solving is a deep understanding of ISO9000 ideas, and integrates ISO9000's framework and businesses to generate a quality system with business characteristics and constantly improve.
4. The essence of CMM
The basic idea of CMM is also based on the principle of statistical quality control of Huhart, and the continuous improvement concept of Dai Ming, and the quality management of Juling. The idea of turning the quality principles as a maturity frame is Crawers, and he first proposed in the work "Quality Free", his quality management maturity network depicts 5 evolutionary phases when using quality practice, and the framework Later, Rom Radice and his colleagues were further improved under the guidance of Hamverle (Watts Humphrey) to adapt to the needs of the software process. In 1986, Hanfri took this mature frame to SEi and increased the concept of maturity level, which applied these principles to software development, and developed into software process maturity framework, forming the current software industry's CMM framework, Including the initial level, repeatable, level, managed, and optimized. From a point of view, CMM's thoughts are also slightly different from the product quality principles for decades, which is centered on the process, rather than product centered. Hanfri said, "The Quality of A Software Product Is DevelMined by The Quality of The Software Development Process" is also the process determines product quality. Each process has input, activity, and outputs three parts. Only the input is correct, the process is correct, the output is correct. How is the maturity of the process? This can be understood from a simple reasoning: there is no defined process that is impossible to be measured. No metrics cannot be controlled, and there is no control process to improve it. Therefore, it is necessary to define the process, then the process will eventually be in order to improve the process. The essence of CMM is reflected in the process-centricity and continuous improvement.
Looking back at the process of quality culture, several masters have their own interpretation from different angles, although the application is different, but ultimately the same. Later quality system standards are also based on these ideas, the way the application is only small. We should guide our work in the basis of the quality system standard, and to guide the work because of the same rehabilitation, comprehensively use quality management ideas to form a good quality culture, improve the core competitiveness of enterprises.
