Apache Http Server Version 1.3
Apache Core Features
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Directives
AcceptFilter AcceptMutex AccessConfig AccessFileName AddDefaultCharset AddModule AllowOverride AuthName AuthDigestRealmSeed AuthType BindAddress BS2000Account CGICommandArgs ClearModuleList ContentDigest CoreDumpDirectory DefaultType
Acceptfilter Directive
SYNTAX: Acceptfilter on | OFF
DEFAULT:
Acceptfilter on
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: Acceptfilter Is Available in Apache 1.3.22 and later
AcceptFilter controls a BSD specific filter optimization It is compiled in by default -.. And switched on by default if your system supports it (setsocketopt () option SO_ACCEPTFILTER) Currently only FreeBSD supports this.See the filter section on performance hints for more information.
The compile time flag AP_ACCEPTFILTER_OFF can be used to change the default to 'off'. Httpd -V and httpd -L will show compile time defaults and whether or not SO_ACCEPTFILTER was defined during the compile.
Acceptmutex Directive
Syntax: Acceptmutex USLOCK | PTHREAD | SYSVSEM | FCNTL | FLOCK | OS2SEM | TPFCORE | NONE | DEFAULT
DEFAULT:
Acceptmutex Default
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: Acceptmutex Is Available in apache 1.3.21 and later.
AcceptMutex controls which accept () mutex method Apache will use. Not all methods are available on all platforms, since the suite of methods is determined at compile-time. For a list of which methods are available for your particular build, the httpd -V Command Line Option Will List Them Out.
.
This Directive Has No Effect On Microsoft Windows.
See The Performance Tuning Guide for more information.
AccessConfig Directive
SYNTAX: Accessconfig
FILE-PATH |
Directory-path |
Wildcard-path
DEFAULT:
Accessconfig conf / access.conf
Context: Server Config, Virtual Host
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: The Ability To Specify A Directory, Rather Than A File Name, IS Only Available In Apache 1.3.13 and later. This Directive Will Be Eliminated in Version 2.0.
The Server Will Reading The ResourceConfig File. File-path is relative to the serverroot. This feature can be be disabled Using: Accessconfig / dev / null
OR, ON WIN32 Servers,
Accessconfig NUL
Historically, this file only contact
Server Config Context. However, Since Apache Version 1.3.4, THE Default
Access.conf File Which Ships with Apache Contains Only Ships, And All Directives Are Placed In The Main Server Configuration File,
Httpd.conf.
IF AccessConfig Points to A Directory, Rather Than A File, Apache Will Read All Files in That Directory, And Any Subdirectory, and Parse Those AS Configuration Files.
Alternatively you can use a wildcard to limit the scope; i.e to only * .conf files.
Note That by Default Any File In The Specified Directory Will Be loaded as a configuration file.
So make sure that you don't have started, claim, claim, for example, for example.
See Also: Include and ResourceConfig.
AccessFileName Directive
SYNTAX: AccessFileName
Filename [
Filename] ...
DEFAULT:
AccessFileName .htaccess
Context: Server Config, Virtual Host
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: AccessFileName CAN Accept More Than One FileName Only in Apache 1.3 And Later
When returning a document to the client the server looks for the first existing access control file from this list of names in every directory of the path to the document, if access control files are enabled for that directory For example.:
AccessFileName .acl .acl
BEFORE RETURNING THE Document /usR /UCAL/web/index.html, The Server Will Read /.acl, /usr/.acl, /usr/local/.acl and /usr/local/web/.acl for Directives, Unless The Have Been Disabled with
See Also: ALOWOVERRIDE AND CONFIGURATION FILES
AddDefaultCharset Directive
Syntax: AddDefaultcharset on | Off |
Charset
Context: all
STATUS: CORE
DEFAULT:
AddDefaultCharset Off
Compatibility: adddefaultcharset is only available in apache 1.3.12 and lat
This directive specifies the name of the character set that will be added to any response that does not have any parameter on the content type in the HTTP headers. This will override any character set specified in the body of the document via a META tag. A setting of AddDefaultCharset Off disables this functionality. AddDefaultCharset On enables Apache's internal default charset of iso-8859-1 as required by the directive. You can also specify an alternate charset to be used.
For example:
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
Note: This will not have any effect on the Content-Type and character set for default Apache-generated status pages (such as '404 Not Found' or '301 Moved Permanently') because those have an actual character set (that in which the Hard-coded page content is written) and Don n't need to have a default applied.
AddModule Directive
Syntax: addmodule
Module
Module] ...
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: AddModule Is Only Available In Apache 1.2 and later
The server can have modules compiled in which are not actively in use This directive can be used to enable the use of those modules The server comes with a pre-loaded list of active modules;.. This list can be cleared with the ClearModuleList directive. For example:
AddModule MOD_INCLUDE.C
The ordering of AddModule lines is important Modules are listed in reverse priority order --- the ones that come later can override the behavior of those that come earlier This can have visible effects;.. For instance, if UserDir followed Alias, you couldn ' T Alias Out A Particular User's Home Directory. for more information and a recommented Ordering, See Src / Configuration.tmpl in The Apache Source Distribution.
See Also: ClearModuleList and LoadModule
ALLOWOVERRIDE DIRECTIVE
SYNTAX: ALLOWOVERRIDE All | NONE |
Directive-Type [
Directive-Type] ...
DEFAULT:
ALLOWOVERRIDE ALL
Context: Directory
STATUS: CORE
IT NEEDS THAT FILE CAN OVERRIDE EARLIER Access Information.
NOTE: Allowoverride Is Only Valid in
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..
The Directive-Type Can Be One of the Following Groupings of Directives.
Authconfig
Allow Use of the Authorization Directives
Authdbmgroupfile,
Authdbmuserfile,
Authgroupfile,
Authname,
AuthdigestRealmseed, Authtype,
Authiserfile,
REQUIRE,
ETC.).
FileInfo
Allow Use of the Directives Controlling Document Types
Addencoding,
AddLanguage,
AddType,
DefaultType,
ErrorDocument,
LanguagePriority,
ETC.).
Indexes
Allow Use of the Directives Controlling Directory INDEXING
AddDescription,
Addicon,
AddiconbyEncoding,
AddiconBytype,
DEFAULTICON,
DirectoryIndex,
FancyIndexing,
Headername,
INDEXIGNORE,
IndexOptions,
Readmename,
ETC.).
Limit
Allow Use of the Directives Controlling Host Access
ALLOW,
Deny and
ORDER).
Options
Allow Use of the Directives Controlling Specific Directory Features
Options and
Xbithack).
EXAMPLE:
ALLOWOVERRIDE Authconfig Indexes
See Also: AccessFileName and Configuration Files
Authname Directive
Syntax: Authname
Auth-domain
Context: Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: Authconfig
STATUS: CORE
. This directive sets the name of the authorization realm for a directory This realm is given to the client so that the user knows which username and password to send AuthName takes a single argument;. If the realm name contains spaces, it must be enclosed in Quotation Marks. It Must Be Accompanied by Authtype and Require Directives, And Directives Such as Authorfile And AuthgroupFile To Work.
For example:
Authname "Top Secret"
.
See Also: Authentication, Authorization, And Access Control
AuthdigestRealmseed Directive
SYNTAX: AuthdigestRealmseed
Secret-Real-String
Context: Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: Authconfig
STATUS: CORE
This directive sets a per realm secret nonce prefix which is used to ensure that a captured username, password and realm string during a Digest exchange can not be replayed at other places.It only applies to mod_digest.html, the experimental mod_auth_digest.html implements its own (more Advanced and Also Time Sensitive) Replay Protection. It Must Be Accompanied By
Authtype of Type Digest, One or More
Require Directives, And Directives Such As
Authiserfile and
Authgroupfile to work.
See Also: Authentication, Authorization, And Access Control
Authtype Directive
SYNTAX: Authtype Basic | Digest
Context: Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: Authconfig
STATUS: CORE
This directive selects the type of user authentication for a directory. Only Basic and Digest are currently implemented. It must be accompanied by AuthName and Require directives, and directives such as AuthUserFile and AuthGroupFile to work.
When Authdigest is buy.
See Also: Authentication, Authorization, And Access Control
Bindaddress Directive
Syntax: bindaddress * |
IP-address |
Domain-name
DEFAULT:
Bindaddress *
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: bindaddress is deprecated and will be eliminated in apache 2.0.
A Unix® http server can either listen for connections to every IP address of the server machine, or just one IP address of the server machine. If the argument to this directive is *, then the server will listen for connections on every IP address. Otherwise, The Server Can Listen To Only A Specific IP-Address OR A Fully-Qualified Internet Domain-Name.
For example:
Bindaddress 192.168.15.48
Only One Bindaddress Directive Can Be Used.
This directive is deprecated and will be eliminated in Apache 2.0. Equivalent functionality and more control over the address and ports Apache listens to is available using the Listen directive.BindAddress can be used as an alternative method for supporting virtual hosts using multiple independent servers, instead Of use
See Also: DNS Issuessee Also: Setting Which Addresses and Ports Apache Uses
BS2000ACCOUNT DIRECTIVE
SYNTAX: BS2000ACCOUNT
Account
DEFAULT:
None
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: BS2000ACCount is Only Available for BS2000 Machines, as of apache 1.3 and latlec.
The BS2000Account directive is available for BS2000 hosts only. It must be used to define the account number for the non-privileged apache server user (which was configured using the User directive). This is required by the BS2000 POSIX subsystem (to change the underlying BS2000 task environment by performing a sub-LOGON) to prevent CGI scripts from accessing resources of the privileged account which started the server, usually SYSROOT.Only one BS2000Account directive can be used.
See Also: Apache Ebcdic Port
Cgicommandargs Directive
Syntax: cgicommandargs on | OFF
Default: cgicommandargs on
Context: Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: OPTIONS
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: Available in apache 1.3.24 and later.
Way back when the internet was a safer, more naive place, it was convenient for the server to take a query string that did not contain an '=' sign and to parse and pass it to a CGI program as command line args. For example ,
Syntax: ClearmoduleList
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
Compatibility: ClearmoduleList is Only Available in Apache 1.2 and later
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See Also: AddModule and LoadModule
ContentDigest Directive
SYNTAX: ContentDigest On | OFF
DEFAULT:
ContentDigest Off
Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: OPTIONS
Status: Experimental
Compatibility: ContentDigest Is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later
This Directive Enables The Generation of Content-MD5 Headers as defined in rfc1864 respectively RFC2068.
MD5 is an algorithm for computing a "message digest" (sometimes called "fingerprint") of arbitrary-length data, with a high degree of confidence that any alterations in the data will be reflected in alterations in the message digest.The Content-MD5 .. header provides an end-to-end message integrity check (MIC) of the entity-body A proxy or client may check this header for detecting accidental modification of the entity-body in transit Example header:
Content-md5: aulb7dp1rqtrtxz2m9krpa ==
Note That This Cause Performance Problems On Your Server Since The Message Digest Is Computed On Every Request (The VALUES Are Not Cached).
Content-md5 is only sample for documents served by the core, and not by any module. For Example, SSI Documents, Output from CGI Scripts, and byte Range Responses Do Not Have this header.
CoredUmpDirectory Directive
Syntax: CoredUmpdirectory
Directory-path
Default: The Same Location As ServerRoot
Context: Server Config
STATUS: CORE
This controls the directory to which Apache attempts to switch before dumping core. The default is in the ServerRoot directory, however since this should not be writable by the user the server runs as, core dumps will not normally get written. If you want a Core Dump for debugging, you can use this directive to place it in a different location.
For example:
CoredUmpdirectory / TMP
DefaultType Directive
Syntax: DefaultType
MIME-TYPE
DEFAULT:
DefaultType Text / Plain
Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess
OVERRIDE: FileInfo
STATUS: CORE
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The Server Must Inform The Client Of The Content-Type of An Unknown Type It Uses The defaultType. For example: defaulttype image / gif
Would Be Appropriate for a Directory Which Contained MASING IMAGES with Filenames Missing The .gif Extension.
See Also: Addtype and Typesconfig.
SYNTAX: Directory-Path | Proxy: URL-PATH> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE. Options Indexes FollowSymlinks Apache 1.2 and Above: Extended Regular Expressions Can Also Be buy, with the addition of the ~ character. For example: Would Match Director IN / WWW / THAT CONSISTED OF THREE NUMBERS. If multiple (non-regular expression) directory sections match the directory (or its parents) containing a document, then the directives are applied in the order of shortest match first, interspersed with the directives from the .htaccess files. For example, with /Home/web/dir/doc.html the steps are: Apply Directive ALOWOVERRIDE NONE (Disabling .htaccess Files). Apply Directive ALOWOVERRIDE FILEINFO (for Directory / Home / Web). Apply Any FileInfo Directives In /Home/web/.htaccess Regular expression directory sections are handled slightly differently by Apache 1.2 and 1.3. In Apache 1.2 they are interspersed with the normal directory sections and applied in the order they appear in the configuration file. They are applied only once, and apply when the shortest match possible occurs. in Apache 1.3 regular expressions are not considered until after all of the normal sections have been applied. Then all of the regular expressions are tested in the order they appeared in the configuration file. For example, with Suppose That The FileName Being Accessed IS /Home/abc/public_html/abc/index.html. The Server Considers Each of /, / home, / HOME / ABC, / home / abc / public_html, and / home / abc / public_html / abc in That Order. in apache 1.2, when / Home / abc is considered, the regular expression will match and be applied. In Apache 1.3 the regular expression is not considered at all at that point in the tree. It will not be considered until after all normal .htaccess Files Have Been Applied. Then The Regular Expression Will Match ON / home / abc / public_html / abc and beapplied. Note that the default Apache access for ORDER DENY, ALOW Deny from all And The Security Tips Page for more details. If you have mod_proxy enabled, you can use the proxy: syntax to apply configuration directives to proxied content The syntax for this is to specify the proxied URLs to which you wish to apply the configuration, or to specify * to apply to all proxied content. : To Apply to All Proxied Content: ... Directivees Here ... To Apply to Just A Subset of Proxied Content: ... Directivees Here ... See Also: How Directory, Location and Files Sections Work for An Explanation of How The Different Sections Are Combined WHEN A Request Is Received See Also: DirectoryMatch SYNTAX: Regex> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE. Compatibility: Available in Apache 1.3 And Later would match directories in / www / that consisted of three numbers.See Also: DocumentRoot Directive Syntax: DocumentRoot Directory-path DEFAULT: Documentroot / usr / local / apache / htdocs Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE . This directive sets the directory from which httpd will serve files Unless matched by a directive like Alias, the server appends the path from the requested URL to the document root to make the path to the document Example.: DocumentRoot / USR / Web Then an access to Http://www.my.host.com/index.html Refers To /usr/web/index.html. There Appears To Be a bug in mod_dir Which causes problems When The DocumentRoot Has A Trailing Slash (I.E., "DocumentRoot / USR / Web /") So Please Avoid That. EbcdicConvert Syntax: ebcdicconvert on | OFF [= Direction] EXTENSION [ Extension] ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE OVERRIDE: FileInfo Compatibility: The Configurable Ebcdic Conversion is Only Available In Apache 1.3.19 and later, and on ebcdic based platforms. The EbcdicConvert Directive Maps The Given FileName Extensions To The Specified Conversion Setting (OR OFF). File Extensions May Be Specified With or Without a Leading Dot. If the optional format On = direction (or Off = direction) is used, where direction is one of In, Out or InOut, then the directive only applies to the specified transfer direction (In: uploaded content in a PUT or POST request, Out : returned content in a GET or POST request, and InOut: conversion in both directions) .Otherwise, InOut (conversion in both directions) is implied.Conversion configuration based on file extension is tested prior to configuration based on MIME type, to allow for Generic Mime Based Rules To Be Overridden By A More Specific File Extensions (Several File Extensions May Exist for the Same Mime Type). Example: with a configuration Like the Following, The Normal * .html Files Contain HTML Text in Ebcdic Encoding, While * .ahtml Files Contain HTML Text In Ascii Encoding: # * .html and * .ahtml contain html text: AddType text / html .html .ahtml # * .ahtml IS Not Converted (Contains ASCII Text Already): EbcdicConvert Off .ahtml # All Other text / html files preSumAbly Contain Ebcdic Text: EbcdicConvertBytype on text / html See Also: EbcdicConvertBytype and overview of the ebcdic conversion functions EbcdicConvertBytype Syntax: ebcdicconvertBytype on | Off [= Direction] MimeType [ mimeType] ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE OVERRIDE: FileInfo Compatibility: The Configurable Ebcdic Conversion is Only Available In Apache 1.3.19 and later, and on ebcdic based platforms. The EbcdicConvertBytype Directive Maps The Given Mime Type (OPTIONALLY Containing Wildcards) To The Specified Conversion Setting. If the optional format On = direction (or Off = direction) is used, where direction is one of In, Out or InOut, then the directive only applies to the specified transfer direction (In: uploaded content in a PUT or POST request, Out : returned content in a GET or POST request, and InOut: conversion in both directions) .Otherwise, InOut (conversion in both directions) is implied.Example: A useful standard configuration should at least contain the following defaults: # All text Documents Are Stored As Ebcdic Files: EbcdicConvertBytype on text / * message / * Multipart / * EbcdicConvertBytype ON Application / X-WWW-FORM-URLENCODED / Model / VRML Application / PostScript # All Other Files Are Assumed to Be binary: EbcdicConvertBytype off * / * If You Serve Ascii Documents Only, for Example from An Nfs Mounted Unix Server, USE: # All Documents Are Ascii Already: EbcdicConvertBytype off * / * See Also: EBCDICCONVERT and OVERVIEW OF THE EBCDIC CONVERSION FUNCTIONS Ebcdickludge Syntax: ebcdickludge on | OFF DEFAULT: EbcdickLudge OFF Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE OVERRIDE: FileInfo Compatibility: EbcdickLudge is Only Available In Apache 1.3.19 and later, and N ebcdic based platforms. It is deprecated and will be withdrawn in a fulure version. The EBCDICKludge is provided for the backward compatible behavior with apache versions 1.3.0 through 1.3.18. In these versions, all files with MIME types starting with "text /", "message /" or "multipart /" or with type "application / x-www-form-urlencoded "would be converted by default, all other documents were returned unconverted. Only if a MIME type" text / x-ascii-subtype "was configured for a certain document, the document was assumed to be in ASCII format already, and was not converted again. Instead, the "x-ascii-" was removed from the type, resulting in the MIME type "text / subtype" being returned for the document.If the EBCDICKludge directive is set to On, and if none of the file extensions configured with the EBCDICConvert directive matches in the current context, then the server tests for a MIME type of the format type / x-ascii-subtype. If the document has such a type, then the "x- ASCII- "Substring is removed and the conversion set to off. this allows for overriding the Implicit ASS umption that all text files are stored in EBCDIC format, for example when serving documents from an NFS mounted directory with ASCII documents.By using the EBCDICKludge, there is no way to force one of the other MIME types (eg, model / vrml) to be treated as an EBCDIC text file. Use of the EBCDICConvertByType directive mentioned above is the preferred way to configure such a conversion. (Before Apache version 1.3.19, there was no way at all to force these binary documents to be treated as EBCDIC text Files.) See Also: EbcdicConvert, EbcdicConvertBytype and overview of the ebcdic conversion functions EnableExceptionHook Directive Syntax: EnableExceptionHook ON | OFF DEFAULT: EnableExceptionHook OFF Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: EnableExceptionHook Is Available in apache 1.3.30 and latlecular EnableExceptionHook controls whether or not an exception hook implemented by a module will be called after a child process crash. The exception hook allows modules to log diagnostic information that may help determine the cause of the crash. ErrorDocument Directive SYNTAX: ErrRordocument Error-Code Document Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE OVERRIDE: FileInfo Compatibility: The Directory and .htaccess Contexts Are Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. In The Event of a Problem Or Error, Apache Can Be Configured To Do One of Four Tings, Output a Simple Hardcoded Error Message Output a Customized Message Redirect to a local url-path to handle the problem URROR REDIRECT TO an EXTERNAL URROR To Handle To An External Url To Handle The Problem / Error The First Option IS The Default, While Options 2-4 Are Configured Using The Errordocument Directive, Which is Followed by The Http Response Code And a Message OR URL. Messages in this context begin with a single double-quote character ("), Which Does Not form Part of the message itself. Apache will sometimes offer addressal information regarding the problem. Urls Can Begin with a slash (/) for local urls, or be a ful URL Which The Client Can Resolve. Examples: ErrorDocument 500 http://foo.example.com/cgi-bin/testerErrorDocument 404 /cgi-bin/bad_urls.plErrorDocument 401 /subscription_info.htmlErrorDocument 403 "Sorry can not allow you access today Note that when you specify an ErrorDocument that points to a remote URL (ie. Anything with a method such as "http" in front of it), Apache will send a redirect to the client to tell it where to find the document, even if the document ends up being on the same server. This has several implications, the most important being that the client will not receive the original error status code, but instead will receive a redirect status code. This in turn can confuse web robots and other clients which try to determine if a URL is valid using the status code. in addition, if you use a remote URL in an ErrorDocument 401, the client will not know to prompt the user for a password since it will not receive the 401 status code. Therefore, if you use an "ErrorDocument 401" directive then it must refer to a local document.Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE) will by default ignore server-generated error messages when they are "too small" and substitute its own "friendly" error Messages. THE SIZE THRESHO ld varies depending on the type of error, but in general, if you make your error document greater than 512 bytes, then MSIE will show the server-generated error rather than masking it. More information is available in Microsoft Knowledgebase article Q294807. See Also: Documentation of Customizable Responses. See The Http Specification for a Complete List of the status Codes and their meanings. Errorlog Directive Syntax: Errorlog FILE-PATH | SYSLOG [: Facility] DEFAULT: ErrorLog logs / error_log (UNIX) DEFAULT: Errorlog logs / error.log (Windows and OS / 2) Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE The error log directive sets the name of the file to which the server will log any errors it encounters. If the file-path does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. If the file- Path Begins with a pipe (|) Then it is assoced to beetle the error log.examples ErrorLog logs / vhost1. erroror Errorlog | /usr/local/bin/errorlog.pl Apache 1.3 and above: Using syslog instead of a filename enables logging via syslogd (8) if the system supports it The default is to use syslog facility local7, but you can override this by using the syslog:. Facility syntax where facility can be one Of the names usually docutented in syslog (1). For example: ErrorLog Syslogor ErrorLog Syslog: User SECURITY: SEE The Security Tips Document For Details On Why Your Security WHERE Logfiles Are Stored Is Writable by Anyone Other Than The User That Starts The Server. See Also: Loglevel and Apache log files FileEtAg Directive SYNTAX: FileEtag Component ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess OVERRIDE: FileInfo STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Only Available In Apache 1.3.23 Versions and Later. The FileETag directive configures the file attributes that are used to create the ETag (entity tag) response header field when the document is based on a file. (The ETag value is used in cache management to save network bandwidth.) In Apache 1.3.22 and earlier, the ETag value was always formed from the file's inode, size, and last-modified time (mtime) The FileETag directive allows you to choose which of these - if any - should be used The recognized keywords are..: Inode The File's I-Node Number Will Be Included in The CalculationMtime The date and time the file was last modified will be incruded Size The number of bytes in the file will be incdaded All All Available Fields Will Be Used (Equivalent To ' FileTag Inode Mtime Size ') None IF a document is file-based, no etag field will be incdued in the response The INode, MTime, and Size keywords may be prefixed with either ' ' or '-', which allow changes to be made to the default setting inherited from a broader scope Any keyword appearing without such a prefix immediately and completely cancels the inherited. Setting. If a directory's configuration includes' FileETag INode MTime Size ', and a subdirectory's includes' FileETag -INode', the setting for that subdirectory (which will be inherited by any sub-subdirectories that do not override it) will be equivalent to 'FileETag Mtime size '. Syntax: Filename> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, .htaccess STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Only Available in Apache 1.2 and Above. The Would Match Most Common Internet Graphics Formats. in Apache 1.3 and later, Note that unlike Require group admin Remember That Directives Apply to Subdirectories As Well, So this Will Also Protect Files Called Admin .cgi in Subdirectories, Unless Specification Overridden. (See Require for Details On Using The Require Directive) See Also: How Directory, Location and Files Sections Work for an Explanation of How these Different Sections Are Combined WHEN A Request Is Received SYNTAX: Regex> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, .htaccess STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Only Available in Apache 1.3 and Above. THE Would Match Most Common Internet Graphics Formats. See Also: How Directory, Location and Files Sections Work for An Explanation of How The Different Sections Are Combined WHEN A Request Is Received Group Directive SYNTAX: Group UNIX-group DEFAULT: GROUP # -1 Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE The Group Directive Sets The Group Under Which The Server Will Answer Requests. In Order To Use This Directive, The Stand-Alone Server Must Be Run Initially As Root. Unix-Group is ONE OF: A group name Refers to the given group by name. # followed by a group number. Refers to a group by its number. IT Is Recommended That You Set Up A New Group Specify for Running The Server. Some Admins Use User Nobody, But this is not always possible or desirable. EXAMPLE: Group www-group Note: if you start the server as a non-root user, it will fail to change to the specified group, and will instead continue to run as the group of the original user. Special note: Use of this directive in Hostnamelookups Directive SYNTAX: Hostnamelookups on | Off | Double DEFAULT: Hostnamelookups off Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory STATUS: CORE CompaticiBility: Double Available Only in Apache 1.3 and Above. Compatibility: Default WAS On prior to apache 1.3. This directive enables DNS lookups so that host names can be logged (and passed to CGIs / SSIs in REMOTE_HOST). The value double refers to doing double-reverse DNS. That is, after a reverse lookup is performed, a forward lookup is then performed On That Result. At Least One of the IP Addresses in The Forward Lookup Must Match The Original Address. Regardless of the setting, when mod_access is used for controlling access by hostname, a double reverse lookup will be performed. This is necessary for security. Note that the result of this double-reverse is not generally available unless you set HostnameLookups double. For example, if only HostnameLookups on and a request is made to an object that is protected by hostname restrictions, regardless of whether the double-reverse fails or not, CGIs will still be passed the single-reverse result in REMOTE_HOST. The default for this directive was previously on in versions of Apache prior to 1.3. It was changed to off in order to save the network traffic for those sites that do not truly need the reverse lookups done. It is also better for the end users because they do not have to suffer the extra latency that a lookup entails. Heavily loaded sites should leave this directive off, since DNS lookups can take considerable amounts of time. The utility logresolve, provided in the / support directory, can be used to Look Up Host Names from logged ip addresss offline.IdentityCheck Directive Syntax: IdentityCheck ON | OFF DEFAULT: IdentityCheck off Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory STATUS: CORE THIS DIRECTIVE ENABLES RFC1413-Compliant Logging of the Remote User Name for Each Connection, WHERE The Client Machine Runs Identd OR Something Similar. This Information is logged in the access log. The Information Should Not Be Trusted in Any Way Except for Rudimentary Usage Tracking. Note that this can cause serious latency problems accessing your server since every request requires one of these lookups to be performed. When firewalls are involved each lookup might possibly fail and add 30 seconds of latency to each hit. So in general this is not very useful On Public Servers Accessible from the Internet. Syntax: Parameter-Name> ... Default: None Context: all STATUS: CORE Compatibility: The Parameter-name! Parameter-Name In the former case, the directives between the start and end markers are only processed if the parameter named parameter-name is defined. The second format reverses the test, and only processes the directives if parameter-name is not defined. The Parameter-Name Argument is a define as given on the httpd command line via -dparameter-, at the time the server was started. $ httpd -dreverseProxy ... # httpd.conf LoadModule Rewrite_Module Libexec / MOD_rewrite.so LoadModule Proxy_Module Libexec / LibProxy.so SYNTAX: Module-Name> ... Default: None Context: all STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ifmodule is Only Available In 1.2 and later. The Test in the Module Name! Module Name In the former case, the directives between the start and end markers are only processed if the module named module name is included in Apache - either compiled in or dynamically loaded using LoadModule The second format reverses the test, and only processes the directives if. . INCLUDE DIRECTIVE SYNTAX: INCLUDE FILE-PATH | Directory-path | Wildcard-path Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: include IS Only Available in Apache 1.3 and later. Wildcards WERE Introduces 1.3.27. This Directive Allows Inclusion of Other Configuration Files from Withnin The Server Configuration Files. The File Path Specified May Be a fully qualified path (I.E. Starting with a slash), or may be relative to the Serverroot Directory. New in apache 1.3.13 is The Feature That if include Points to a Directory, Rather Than A File, Apache Will Read All Files in That Directory, And Any Subdirectory, and Parse Those AS Configuration Files. By Using A Wildcard this Can Be Further Limited to, Say, Just the '* .conf' Files. EXAMPLES: Include /usr/local/apache/conf/ssl.confinclude / usr / local / apache / conf / vhosts / OR, Providing Paths Relative to your ServerRoot Directory: Include conf / ssl.confinclude conf / vhosts / Make sure that an included directory does not contain any stray files, such as editor temporary files, for example, as Apache will attempt to read them in and use the contents as configuration directives, which may cause the server to fail on start up. Running Apachectl configTest Will Give you a list of the files That Are Being processed during the configuration check: root @ host # apachectl configtest Processing Config Directory: / usr / local / apache / conf / vhosts Processing config file: / usr / local / apache / conf / vhosts / vhost1 Processing config file: / usr / local / apache / conf / vhosts / vhost2 Syntax OK This Will Help in Verifying That You Are Getting Only The Files That You Intended As Part of Your Configuration. See Also: ApachectL Keepalive Directive SYNTAX: (Apache 1.1) Keepalive Max-Requests Default: (Apache 1.1) Keepalive 5 SYNTAX: (Apache 1.2) Keepalive ON | OFF Default: (Apache 1.2) Keepalive ON Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Keepalive Is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. The Keep-Alive extension to HTTP / 1.0 and the persistent connection feature of HTTP / 1.1 provide long-lived HTTP sessions which allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP connection. In some cases this has been shown to result in an almost 50 % Speedup in Latency Times for HTML Documents with Many images. To enable Keep-Alive Connections in Apache 1.2 and later, set keepalive. For HTTP / 1.0 clients, Keep-Alive connections will only be used if they are specifically requested by a client. In addition, a Keep-Alive connection with an HTTP / 1.0 client can only be used when the length of the content is known in advance. This implies that dynamic content such as CGI output, SSI pages, and server-generated directory listings will generally not use Keep-Alive connections to HTTP / 1.0 clients. For HTTP / 1.1 clients, persistent connections are the default unless otherwise specified. If the client requests it, chunked encoding will be used in order to send content of unknown length over persistent connections.Apache 1.1 only: Set max-requests to the maximum number of requests you want Apache to entertain per connection A limit is imposed to. Prevent a client from hogging your server resources. set this to 0 to disable support. in apache 1.2 and 1.3, this is controlled through the maxkeepaliveRequests Directive Instead. See Also MaxkeepaliveRequests. KeepaliveTimeout Directive SYNTAX: KeepaliveTimeout SECONDS DEFAULT: KeepaliveTimeout 15 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: KeepaliveTimeout is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. ........... Setting KeepAliveTimeout to a high value may cause performance problems in heavily loaded servers. The higher the timeout, the more server processes will be kept occupied waiting on connections with idle clients. SYNTAX: Method [ Method] ...> ... Context: Any STATUS: CORE Access controls are normally effective for all access methods, and this is the usual desired behavior. In the general case, access control directives should not be placed within a The Method Names Listed Can Be One or More of: Get, POST, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT, OPTIONS, PATCH, PROPFIND, PROPPATCH, MKCOL, COPY, MOVE, LOCK, AND UNLOCK. The Method Name IS Case-Sensitive. IF Get IS Used It Will Also Restrict Head Requests. The TRACE METHOD Cannot Be Limited. Warning: a SYNTAX: Method [ Method] ...> ... Context: Any STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Available in apache 1.3.5 and lat For example: Require Valid-User LimitInternalRecursion Directive SYNTAX: LIMITINTERNALRECURSION Number [ Number] DEFAULT: LimitInternalRecursion 20 Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LimitInternalRecursion is Only Available In Apache 1.3.28 and later. An internal redirect happens, for example, when using the Action directive, which internally redirects the original request to a CGI script. A subrequest is Apache's mechanism to find out what would happen for some URI if it were requested. For example, mod_dir uses subrequests To look for the files listed in The DirectoryIndex Directive. LimitinternalRecursion Prevents The Server from Crashing When Entering An Infinite Loop of Internal Redirects Or SubRequests. Such loops are usually caused by Misconfigurations. The directive stores two different limits, which are evaluated on per-request basis. The first number is the maximum number of internal redirects, that may follow each other. The second number determines, how deep subrequests may be nested. If you specify only one Number, IT Will Be Assigned to Both Limits. A Value of 0 Means "Unlimited". EXAMPLE LimitInternalRecursion 5 LimitRequestBody Directive Syntax: LimitRequestBody BYTES DEFAULT: LimitRequestBody 0 Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LimitRequestBody is Only Available In apache 1.3.2 and later. This Directive Specifies The Number of Bytes from 0 (Meaning Unlom 0) TO 2147483647 (2GB) That Are ALOWED IN A Request Body. The LimitRequestBody directive allows the user to set a limit on the allowed size of an HTTP request message body within the context in which the directive is given (server, per-directory, per-file or per-location). If the client request exceeds that limit, the server will return an error response instead of servicing the request. The size of a normal request message body will vary greatly depending on the nature of the resource and the methods allowed on that resource. CGI scripts typically use the message body for passing form information to the server. Implementations of the PUT method will require a value at least as large as any representation that the server wishes to accept for that resource.This directive gives the server administrator greater control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be Useful for Avoiding Some Forms of Denial-of-Service Attacks. IF, for Example, You Are Permitting File Upload To a Particular Location, and Wich To Limit The size of the uploaded file to 100k, you might use the folowing directive: LimitRequestBody 102400 LimitRequestfields Directive SYNTAX: LIMITREQUESTFIELDS Number DEFAULT: LimitRequestFields 100 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LimitRequestfields Is Only Available In Apache 1.3.2 and later. Number is an integer from 0 (Meaning Unlimited) To 32767. The default value is defined by the compile-time constant default_limit_request_fields (100 as distributed). The LimitRequestFields directive allows the server administrator to modify the limit on the number of request header fields allowed in an HTTP request. A server needs this value to be larger than the number of fields that a normal client request might include. The number of request header fields used by a client rarely exceeds 20, but this may vary among different client implementations, often depending upon the extent to which a user has configured their browser to support detailed content negotiation. Optional HTTP extensions are often expressed using request header fields.This directive gives the server administrator greater control over abnormal client request behavior, which may be useful for avoiding some forms of denial-of-service attacks. The value should be increased if normal clients see an error response from the server that indicates too many fields were sent In The Request. For example: LimitRequestfields 50 LimitRequestfieldsize Directive SYNTAX: LIMITREQUESTFIELDSIZE BYTES DEFAULT: LimitRequestfieldsize 8190 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LimitRequestfieldsize is Only Available In Apache 1.3.2 and later. This directive specifies the number of bytes from 0 to the value of the compile-time constant DEFAULT_LIMIT_REQUEST_FIELDSIZE (8190 as distributed) that will be allowed in an HTTP request header. The LimitRequestFieldsize directive allows the server administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of an HTTP request header field below the normal input buffer size compiled with the server. A server needs this value to be large enough to hold any one header field from a normal client request. The size of a normal request header field will vary greatly among different client implementations, often depending upon the extent to which a user has configured their browser to support detailed content negotiation.This directive gives the server administrator greater control over abnormal client request Behavior, Which May Be Useful for Avoiding Some Forms of Denial-of-Service Attacks. For example: LimitRequestfieldsize 16380 Under Normal Conditions, The Value Should Not Be Changed from The Default. LimitRequestline Directive Syntax: limitRequestline BYTES DEFAULT: LimitRequestline 8190 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LimitRequestline IS Only Available In Apache 1.3.2 and later. THIS DIRECTIVE STS The Number of Bytes from 0 to the value of the compile-time constant default_limit_request_line (8190 as distributed) That Will Be allowed on the http request-line. The LimitRequestLine directive allows the server administrator to reduce the limit on the allowed size of a client's HTTP request-line below the normal input buffer size compiled with the server. Since the request-line consists of the HTTP method, URI, and protocol version, the LimitRequestLine directive places a restriction on the length of a request-URI allowed for a request on the server. A server needs this value to be large enough to hold any of its resource names, including any information that might be passed in the query part Of A Get Request.This Directive Gives The Server Administrator Greater Control over Abnormal Client Request Behavior, Which May Be Useful for Avoiding Some Forms of Denial-of-Service Attacks. For example: LimitRequestline 16380 Under Normal Conditions, The Value Should Not Be Changed from The Default. Listen Directive SYNTAX: LISTEN [ IP-address:] port Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Listen Is Only Available in Apache 1.1 and later. The Listen Directive Instructs Apache To listen to more the one ip address or port; by Default It Responds To Requests on All IP Interfaces, But Only On The Port Given by The Port Directive. Listen Can BE Used Instead of Bindaddress and Port. It tells the server to accept incoming requests on the specified port or address-and-port combination. If the first format is used, with a port number only, the server listens to the given port on all interfaces, instead of the port Given by the Port Directive. If an ip address is given as well as a port, The Server Will Listen on The Given Port and interface. Note That You May Still Require A Port Directive So That Urls That Apache Genereates That Point To your Server STILL WORK. Multiple Listen directives may be used to specify a number of addresses and ports to listen to. The server will respond to requests from any of the listed addresses and ports.For example, to make the server accept connections on both port 80 and port 8000, USE: Listen 80 Listen 8000 To make the server accept connection and port numbers, us Listen 192.170.2.1:80 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000 See Also: DNS Issuessee Also: Setting Which Addresses and Ports Apache Usessee Also: KNown Bugs ListenbackLog Directive SYNTAX: ListenbackLog Backlog DEFAULT: ListenbackLog 511 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ListenbackLog Is Only Available In Apache Versions After 1.2.0. The maximum length of the queue of pending connections. Generally no tuning is needed or desired, however on some systems it is desirable to increase this when under a TCP SYN flood attack. See the backlog parameter to the listen (2) system call. This will often be limited to a smaller number by the operating system. This varies from OS to OS. Also note that many OSes do not use exactly what is specified as the backlog, but use a number based on (but normally larger than) what IS set. SYNTAX: URL-PATH | URL> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Location is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. The For all origin (non-proxy) requests, the URL to be matched is of the form / path /, and you should not include any http: // servername prefix For proxy requests, the URL to be matched is of the form scheme. : // ServerName / Path, And You Must Include The Prefix. THE URL MAY USE Wildcards in a Wild-Card string, `? 'Matches any single character, and` *' matches any sequences of character. Apache 1.2 and Above: Extended Regular Expressions Can Also Be buy, with the addition of the ~ character. For example: Would Match Urls That Contained The Substring "/ Extra / Data" OR "/ Special / Data". in Apache 1.3 and Above, A New Directive THE LOCATION Functionality Is Especially Useful When Combined with The setHandler Directive. For Example, To Enable Status Requests, But Allow Them Only from Browsers At foo.com, you might users: SetHandler Server-Status ORDER DENY, ALOW Deny from all ALLOW from .foo.com Apache 1.3 and above note about / (slash): The slash character has special meaning depending on where in a URL it appears People may be used to its behavior in the filesystem where multiple adjacent slashes are frequently collapsed to a single slash (ie,. / home /// foo is the same as / home / foo). In URL-space this is not necessarily true. The SYNTAX: Regex> ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: LocationMatch Is Only Available In Apache 1.3 and later. The Would Match Urls That Contained The Substring "/ Extra / Data" / Special / Data ". See Also: How Directory, Location and Files Sections Work for An Explanation of How The Different Sections Are Combined WHEN A Request Is ReceivedLockFile Directive SYNTAX: LOCKFILE File-path DEFAULT: Lockfile logs / accept.lock Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The LockFile directive sets the path to the lockfile used when Apache is compiled with either USE_FCNTL_SERIALIZED_ACCEPT or USE_FLOCK_SERIALIZED_ACCEPT. This directive should normally be left at its default value. The main reason for changing it is if the logs directory is NFS mounted, since the lockfile must ............... .. SECURITY: It is best to avoid putting this file in a world writable directory such as / var / tmp because someone could create a denial of service attack and prevent the server from starting by creating a lockfile with the same name as the one the server will Try to create. Loglevel Directive SYNTAX: Loglevel Level DEFAULT: Loglevel Warn Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Loglevel Is Only Available In 1.3 or Later. Loglevel Adjusts The Verbosity of the Messages Recorded in The Error Logs (See ErrorLog Directive). The Following Levels Areas Contemile, in Order of Decreasing Significance: ... Level Description Example emerg Emergencies - system is unusable ". Child can not open lock file Exiting" alert Action must be taken immediately "getpwuid: could not determine user name from uid" crit Critical Conditions "socket: Failed to get a socket , exiting child ". error error conditions" Premature end of script headers ". warn Warning conditions" child process 1234 did not exit, sending another SIGHUP "notice Normal but significant condition." httpd: caught SIGBUS, attempting to dump core in .. . "info Informational." Server seems busy, (you may need to increase StartServers, or Min / MaxSpareServers) ... "debug Debug-level messages" Opening config file ... "When a particular level is specified, messages from all Other Levels of Higher Significance Will Be Reported As Well. EG, WHEN Loglevel Info IS Specified, The Messages With log levels of notice and warn will also be posted. Using a level of at Least crit is recommented. For example: Loglevel Notice . MaxClients Directive Syntax: MaxClients Number DEFAULT: MaxClients 256 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The MaxClients directive sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that can be supported; not more than this number of child server processes will be created To configure more than 256 clients, you must edit the HARD_SERVER_LIMIT entry in httpd.h and recompile.. Any connection attempts over the MaxClients limit will normally be queued, up to a number based on the ListenBacklog directive. Once a child process is freed at the end of a different request, the connection will then be serviced.MaxKeepAliveRequests directive Syntax: MaxkeepaliveRequests Number DEFAULT: MaxkeepaliveRequests 100 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Only Available In Apache 1.2 and later. The MaxKeepAliveRequests directive limits the number of requests allowed per connection when KeepAlive is on. If it is set to "0", unlimited requests will be allowed. We recommend that this setting be kept to a high value for maximum server performance. In Apache 1.1 , this is controlled through an option to the keepalive directive. For example MaxkeepaliveRequests 500 MaxRequestSperChild Directive Syntax: maxRequestsperchild Number DEFAULT: MaxRequestSperChild 0 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The MaxRequestsPerChild directive sets the limit on the number of requests that an individual child server process will handle. After MaxRequestsPerChild requests, the child process will die. If MaxRequestsPerChild is 0, then the process will never expire. Setting maxRequestsperchild to a non-zero limit Has Two Beneficial Effects: IT Limits The Amount of Memory That Process Can Consume By (Accidental) Memory Leakage; by Giving Processes A Finite Lifetime, IT Helps Reduce The Number of Processes When the Server Load reduuces. However, on Win32, IT Is Recommended That Be set to 0. if it is set to a non-zero value ,hen . configuration files This can lead to unexpected behavior if you have modified a configuration file, but are not expecting the changes to be applied yet See also ThreadsPerChild.NOTE:. For KeepAlive requests, only the first request is counted towards this limit In effect. , IT Changes The Behavior to Limit The Number of Connections Per Child. MaxSpareServers Directive Syntax: maxspareservers Number DEFAULT: MaxSpareServers 10 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The MaxSpareServers directive sets the desired maximum number of idle child server processes. An idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are more than MaxSpareServers idle, then the parent process will kill off the excess processes. . NOTE THAS I The Maximum Number of Spare Servers, NOT The Maximum Total Number of Client Requests That Can Be Handled At One Time. If You Wish To Limit That Number, See The MaxClients Directive. This Directive Has No Effect When Used with The Apache Web Server ON A Microsoft Windows Platform. See Also MinSpareServers, StartServers, And MaxClients. MinspareServers Directive Syntax: MinspareServers Number DEFAULT: MinSpareServers 5 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The MinSpareServers directive sets the desired minimum number of idle child server processes. An idle process is one which is not handling a request. If there are fewer than MinSpareServers idle, then the parent process creates new children at a maximum rate of 1 per second. . N M httpd processes Running When You Have N Active Client Requests. This Directive Has No Effect On Microsoft Windows. See Also MaxSpareServers, StartServers, and MaxClients. NamevirtualHost Directive Syntax: NamevirtualHost AddR [: Port] Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: NamevirtualHost Is Only Available in Apache 1.3 and later The namevirtualhost Directive Is a Required Directive if You Want to configure name-based Virtual Hosts. Althought, e.g, although is recommended what you have always. NamevirtualHost 111.22.33.44 With the NameVirtualHost directive you specify the IP address on which the server will receive requests for the name-based virtual hosts. This will usually be the address to which your name-based virtual host names resolve. In cases where a firewall or other proxy receives the requests and forwards them on a different IP address to the server, you must specify the IP address of the physical interface on the machine which will be servicing the requests. If you have multiple name-based hosts on multiple addresses, repeat the directive for Each address. Note: the "main server" and any _default_ servers will never be served for a request to a NameVirtualHost IP Address (unless for some reason you specify NameVirtualHost but then do not define any VirtualHosts for that address) .Optionally you can specify a port Number on which the name-based Virtual Hosts Should Be Used, EG Namevirtualhost 111.22.33.44:8080 In apache 1.3.13 and greater you can specify a * for the Addr. this creates a wildcard namevirtualhost Which Will Match Connections to any address That Isn't configured with a more specific namevirtualhost Directive OR See Also: Apache Virtual Host Documentation Options Directive Syntax: Options [ ] Option [[ | Option] ... Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess OVERRIDE: OPTIONS STATUS: CORE The Options Directive Controls Which Server Features Are Available In a Particular Directory. Option Can Be Set To None, in Which Case None of the Extra Features Are Enabled, or One or more of the folload: All All Options Except for MultiViews. This is the default setting. Execcgi Execution of CGI Scripts is permitted. FOLLOWSYMLINKS The Server Will Follow Symbolic Links in this Directory. NOTE: Even though The Server Follows The Symlink It Does NOT Change the Pathname Used to match against Note: this option Gets Ignored IF set inside a Includes Server-Side Includes are permitted. Includesnoexec Server-Side Includes Are Permitted, But The #Exec Command and #Exec CGI Are Disabled. It is still Possible To #include Virtual CGI Scripts from Scriptaliase'D Directories.Indexes IF a Url Which Maps to A Directory Is Requested, and The There IS No Directoryindex E.G., INDEX.HTML) in That Directory, The Server Will Return A Formatted Listing of the Directory. MultiViews Content Negotiated MultiViews Are Allowed. Symlinksifownermatch The Server Will Only Follow Symbolic Links for Which The Target File or Directory Is Owned by The Same User ID As The Link. Note: this option Gets Ignored IF set inside a NORMALLY, IF MULTIPLE Options Could Apply to a Directory, The Most Specific One I Taken Complete; The Options Are Not Merged. However IF All The Options on the Options directive are preceded by a or - symbol, the options are merged Any options preceded by a are added to the options currently in force, and any options preceded by a -. Are removed from the options currently in force. For Example, WITHOUT ANY AND - SYMBOLS: THEN ONLY Includes Will Be Set for the / Web / DOCS / Spec Directory. However if the second Options Directive Uses The and - Symbols: THE OPTIONS FOLLOWSYMLINKS AND INCLUDES Are Set for the / Web / DOCS / Spec Directory. NOTE: Using -InCludesnoexec Or -InCludes Disables Server-Side Includely Regardless of the Previous Setting.The Default in the Absence of any Other settings is all. PIDFile Directive Syntax: pidfile File-path DEFAULT: Pidfile logs / httpd.pid Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The PidFile directive sets the file to which the server records the process id of the daemon. If the filename does not begin with a slash (/) then it is assumed to be relative to the ServerRoot. The PidFile is only used in standalone mode. It is often useful to be able to send the server a signal, so that it closes and then reopens its ErrorLog and TransferLog, and re-reads its configuration files. This is done by sending a SIGHUP (kill -1) signal to the process ID listed in the pidfile. The Pidfile Is Subject To The Same Warnings About Log File Places and Security. Port Directive SYNTAX: Port Number DEFAULT: Port 80 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Number is a number from 0 to 65535; some port numbers (especially below 1024) are reserved for particular protocols See / etc / services for a list of some defined ports;. The standard port for the http protocol is 80. The Port Directive Has Two Behaviors, The First of Which IS Necessary for NCSA Backwards Compatibility (AND Which is confusing in the content). In the absence of any Listen or BindAddress directives specifying a port number, a Port directive given in the "main server" (ie, outside any CANONICAL Address of The Server. (See Also Usecanonicalname.) . Port 80 is one of Unix's special ports All ports numbered below 1024 are reserved for system use, ie, regular (non-root) users can not make use of them;. Instead they can only use higher port numbers To use port 80, you . If You Cannot USE Port 80, Choose Any Other Unused Port. Non-root users will have to choet a port number higher Than 1023, Such as 8000. Security: if you do Start The Server As Root, Be Sure. If You Run The Server As Root Whilst Handling Connections, Your Site May BE Open To a MAJOR Security Attack. ProtocolReqcheck Directive SYNTAX: ProtocolReqcheck ON | OFF DEFAULT: ProtocolReqcheck ON Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ProtocolReqCheck is only available in Apache 1.3.27 and later.This directive enables strict checking of the Protocol field in the Request line Versions of Apache prior to 1.3.26 would silently accept bogus Protocols (such as HTTP-1.1) and assume. HTTP / 1.0. INSTEAD, NOW The Protocol Field Must Be Valid. If The Pre-1.3.26 Behavior Is Desired or Required, IT CAN Be Enabled Via Setting ProtocolReqCheck OFF. Require Directive SYNTAX: Require Entity-Name [ Entity-name] ... Context: Directory, .htaccess OVERRIDE: Authconfig STATUS: CORE This Directive Selects Which Authenticated Users CAN Access A Resource. The allowed Syntaxes Are: Require user userid [userid] ... Only the named users can access the resource. Require group group-name [group-name] ... Only users in the named groups can access the resource. Require valid-user All valid users can access the resource. file-owner Only the user, whose name matches the system's name for the file owner, can access the resource. [Available after Apache 1.3.20] file-group Only the members of the group, whose name matches the system's Name of the file owner group, can access the resource. [Available After Apache 1.3.20] Require Must Be Accompanied by Authname and Authtype Directives, And Directives Such as Authorfile and AuthGroupFile (to Define Users and Groups) in ORDER TO WORK CORRECTLY. EXAMPLE: Authtype Basicauthname "Restricted Directory" Authorfile / Web / UserSauthgroupFile / Web / GroupSrequire Group Admin Admin Access Controls Which Are Applied in this Way Are Effect For All methods. THIS What IS NORMALLY DESIRED. IF you wish to Apply Access Controls Only to Specific Methods, While Leaving Other Methods Unprotacected, Then Place The Require Statement Into a See Also Satisfy and MOD_ACCESS. ResourceConfig Directive SYNTAX: ResourceConfig FILE-PATH | Directory-path | Wildcard-path DEFAULT: ResourceConfig conf / srm.conf Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: The Ability To Specify A Directory, Rather Than A File Name, IS Only Available In Apache 1.3.13 and later. The Server Will Read this file for more directives instine. File-path is relative to the serverroot. This Feature Can Be Disabled Using: ResourceConfig / dev / null OR, ON WIN32 Servers, ResourceConfig Nul Historically, this file contained most directives except for server configuration directives and IF ResourceConfig Points to a Directory, Rather Than A File, Apache Will Read All Files in That Directory, And Any Subdirectory, and Parse Those AS Configuration Files. Alternatively you can use a wildcard to limit the scope; i.e to only * .conf files. Note That by Default Any File In The Specified Directory Will Be loaded as a configuration file. So make sure that you don't have started, claim, claim, for example, for example. See Also Accessconfig. RLIMITCPU Directive Syntax: rlimitcpu Number | MAX [ Number | max] DEFAULT: Unset; Uses Operating System Defaults Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: RLimitCPU is only available in Apache 1.2 and laterTakes 1 or 2 parameters The first parameter sets the soft resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets the maximum resource limit Either parameter can be a number, or max to indicate to the.. Server That The Limit Should Be Set To The Maximum ALLD BY The Operating System Configuration. Raising The Maximum Resource Limit Requires That The Server Is Running As root, or in The Initial Startup Phase. This applies to processes forked off from Apache children servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped logs. CPU Resource Limits Are Expressed In Seconds Per Process. See Also RlimitMem or rlimitnproc. RlimitMem Directive SYNTAX: RLIMITMEM Number | MAX [ Number | max] DEFAULT: Unset; Uses Operating System Defaults Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: rlimitmem is only available in apache 1.2 and lat Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number, or max to indicate to the server that the limit should be set to the maximum ALLOWED by The Operating System Configuration. Raising The maximum resource limited.................... This applies to processes forked off from Apache children servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped logs. Memory Resource Limits Are Expressed in Bytes Per Process.see Also Rlimitcpu or Rlimitnproc. RlimitnProc Directive Syntax: rlimitnproc Number | MAX [ Number | max] DEFAULT: Unset; Uses Operating System Defaults Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: rlimitnproc is Only Available in apache 1.2 and lat Takes 1 or 2 parameters. The first parameter sets the soft resource limit for all processes and the second parameter sets the maximum resource limit. Either parameter can be a number, or max to indicate to the server that the limit should be set to the maximum ALLOWED by The Operating System Configuration. Raising The maximum resource limited.................... This applies to processes forked off from Apache children servicing requests, not the Apache children themselves. This includes CGI scripts and SSI exec commands, but not any processes forked off from the Apache parent such as piped logs. Process Limits Control The Number Of Processes Per User. Note: If CGI processes are not running under userids other than the web server userid, this directive will limit the number of processes that the server itself can create Evidence of this situation will be indicated by can not fork messages in the error_log.. See Also Rlimitmem or rlimitcpu. Satisfy Directive Syntax: Satisfy Any | All DEFAULT: Satisfy All Context: Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Satisfy Is Only Available in Apache 1.2 and later Access policy if both Allow and Require used. The parameter can be either 'all' or 'any'. This directive is only useful if access to a particular area is being restricted by both username / password and client host address. In this case the default behavior ( "all") is to require that the client passes the address access restriction and enters a valid username and password. With the "any" option the client will be granted access if they either pass the host restriction or enter a valid username And Password. This Can Be Used to Password Restrict AN Area, But To Let Clients from Particular Addresses in With Province Prompting for a password.see also request and allow. ScoreboardFile Directive Syntax: ScoreboardFile File-path DEFAULT: ScoreboardFile Logs / Apache_Status Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The ScoreBoardFile directive is required on some architectures to place a file that the server will use to communicate between its children and the parent. The easiest way to find out if your architecture requires a scoreboard file is to run Apache and see if it creates the file . If you have to use a scoreboardfile1 you ask IN A RAM Disk. But Be Careful That You Heed The Same Warnings About Log File Placement and Security. Apache 1.2 and Above: Linux 1.x users might be able to add -DHAVE_SHMGET -DUSE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD to the EXTRA_CFLAGS in your Configuration. This might work with some 1.x installations, but will not work with all of them. (Prior to 1.3b4, HAVE_SHMGET would have Sufficed.) . SVR4 users should consider adding -DHAVE_SHMGET -DUSE_SHMGET_SCOREBOARD to the EXTRA_CFLAGS in your Configuration This is believed to work, but we were unable to test it in time for 1.2 release (Prior to 1.3b4, HAVE_SHMGET would have sufficed.) See Also.: Stopping and Restarting Apache ScriptInterpretersource Directive Syntax: ScriptInterpretersource Registry | Script DEFAULT: ScriptInterpretersource Script Context: Directory, .htaccess Status: Core (Windows Only) This directive is used to control how Apache 1.3.5 and later finds the interpreter used to run CGI scripts. The default technique is to use the interpreter pointed to by the #! Line in the script. Setting ScriptInterpreterSource registry will cause the Windows Registry to Be Searched Using The Script File Extension (EG, .PL) AS A Search Key. SendBuffersize Directive Syntax: Sendbuffersize BYTES Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The server will set the TCP buffer size to the number of bytes specified. Very useful to increase past standard OS defaults on high speed high latency (i.e., 100ms or so, such as transcontinental fast pipes) ServerAdmin Directive SYNTAX: ServerAdmin Email-address Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE .................. .. IT May Be Worth Setting Up A Dedicated Address for this, E.G. ServerAdmin www-admin@foo.bar.com AS Users Do Not Always Ment That They Are Talking About The Server! Serveralias Directive Syntax: Serveralias Hostname [ Hostname] ... Context: Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Serveralias Is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. The Serveralias Directive Sets The Alternate Names for a host, for use with name-based Virtual Hosts.example: 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 0000-00-00 ServerName Server.domain.com Serveralias Server Server2.domain.com Server2 ... See Also: Apache Virtual Host Documentation ServerName Directive Syntax: ServerName Fully-Qualified-Domain-Name Context: Server Config, Virtual Host STATUS: CORE The ServerName directive sets the hostname of the server; this is used when creating redirection URLs If it is not specified, then the server attempts to deduce it from its own IP address;. However this may not work reliably, or may not return the preferred Hostname. for esample: Servername www.example.com Would Be Used If The Canonical (Main) Name of The Actual Machine WERE Simple.example.com. IF you are using name-based Virtual Hosts, The ServerName Inside a See Also: DNS Issuesapache Virtual Host DocumentationUsecanonicalNameNameNameVirtualHostServeralias ServerPath Directive SYNTAX: ServerPath Directory-path Context: Virtual Host STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ServerPath is Only Available In Apache 1.1 and later. The ServerPath Directive Sets The Legacy URL Pathname for a host, for use with name-based Virtual Hosts. See Also: Apache Virtual Host Documentation Serverroot Directive Syntax: ServerRoot Directory-path DEFAULT: ServerRoot / usr / local / apache Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The ServerRoot directive sets the directory in which the server lives. Typically it will contain the subdirectories conf / and logs /. Relative paths for other configuration files are taken as relative to this directory.See also the -d option to httpd. See Also The Security Tips for Information On How To Properly Set Permissions on The ServerRoot. Serversignature Directive Syntax: Serversignature ON | OFF | Email DEFAULT: Serversignature OFF Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory, .htaccess STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ServerSignature is Only Available in Apache 1.3 and later. The ServerSignature directive allows the configuration of a trailing footer line under server-generated documents (error messages, mod_proxy ftp directory listings, mod_info output, ...). The reason why you would want to enable such a footer line is that in a chain of proxies, the user often has no possibility to tell which of the chained servers actually produced a returned error message.The Off setting, which is the default, suppresses the error line (and is therefore compatible with the behavior of Apache-1.2 and below .) The On setting simply adds a line with the server version number and ServerName of the serving virtual host, and the EMail setting additionally creates a "mailto:" reference to the ServerAdmin of the referenced document. ServerToKens Directive SYNTAX: ServerToKens Minimal | ProductOnly | OS | FULL DEFAULT: ServerToKens Full Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: ServerToKens Is Only Available in Apache 1.3 and latter; the ProductOnly Keyword Is Only Available In Versions Later Than 1.3.12 This directive controls whether Server response header field which is sent back to clients includes a description of the generic OS-type of the server as well as information about compiled-in modules.ServerTokens Prod [uctOnly] Server Sends E.G.): Server: Apache ServerToKens min [Imal] Server Sends E.G.): Server: Apache / 1.3.0 ServerToKens OS Server Sends E.G.): Server: Apache / 1.3.0 (UNIX) ServerToKens Full (or Not Specified) Server Sends E.G.): Server: Apache / 1.3.0 (UNIX) PHP / 3.0 MyMOD / 1.2 This setting applies to the entire server, and cannot be enabled or disabled on a virtualhost-by-virtualhost basis. Servertype Directive Syntax: Servertype Type DEFAULT: Servertype Standalone Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The ServerType Directive Sets How The Server Is Executed by The System. Type is one of inetd The Server Will Be Run from The System Process inetd; The Command To Start The Server IS Added To /etc/inetd.conf Standalone The Server Will Run As a daemon process; The Command To Start The Server IS Added to The System Startup Scripts. /etc/rc.local or /etc/rc3.d / ....) Inetd is the lesser used of the two options For each http connection received, a new copy of the server is started from scratch;. After the connection is complete, this program exits There is a high price to pay per connection, but for security. REASONS, Some Admins Prefer this Option. Inetd Mode Is No longer recommended and does Not ALWAYS WORK PROPERLY. AVOID IT IF At All Possible. Standalone is the most common setting for ServerType since it is far more efficient. The server is started once, and services all subsequent connections. If you intend running Apache to serve a busy site, standalone will probably be your only option.ShmemUIDisUser directive Syntax: shmemuidisuser ON | OFF DEFAULT: SHMEMUIDISUSER OFF Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE Compatibility: Shmemuidisuser Directive is Only Available In Apache 1.3.27 and later. The ShmemUIDisUser directive controls whether Apache will change the uid and gid ownership of System V shared memory based scoreboards to the server settings of User and Group. Releases of Apache up to 1.3.26 would do this by default. Since the child processes are already attached to the shared memory segment, this is not required for normal usage of Apache and so to prevent possible abuse, Apache will no longer do that. The old behavior may be required for special cases, however, which can be implemented by setting this directive to ON. This Directive Has No Effect On Non-System V Based Scoreboards, Such as MMAP. StartServers Directive Syntax: StartServers Number DEFAULT: StartServers 5 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The StartServers directive sets the number of child server processes created on startup. As the number of processes is dynamically controlled depending on the load, there is usually little reason to adjust this parameter. When running under Microsoft Windows, this directive has no effect. There is always one child which handles all requests. Within the child requests are handled by separate threads. The ThreadsPerChild directive controls the maximum number of child threads handling requests, which will have a similar Effect to the setting of startservers on unix.see also minspareservers and maxspareservers. ThreadsperChild Syntax: threadsperchild Number DEFAULT: ThreadsperChild 50 Context: Server Config Status: Core (Windows, NetWare) Compatibility: Available Only with apache 1.3 and later with windows This directive tells the server how many threads it should use This is the maximum number of connections the server can handle at once;. Be sure and set this number high enough for your site if you get a lot of hits. This Directive Has No Effect On Unix Systems. UNIX Users Should Look At StartServers and maxrequestsperchild. Threadstacksize Syntax: threadstacksize Number DEFAULT: Threadstacksize 65536 Context: Server Config Status: core (NetWare) Compatibility: Available Only with apache 1.3 and later with netware This Directive Tells The Server What Stack Size To Use for Each of The Running Threads. If You Will NEED TO Bump This Number to a higher setting. This Directive Has No Effect On Other Systems. TIMEOUT DIRECTIVE Syntax: Timeout Number DEFAULT: TIMEOUT 300 Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE The Timeout Directive Currently Defines The Amount of Time Apache Will Wait for Three Things: The total amount of time it takes to receive a GET request. The amount of time between receipt of TCP packets on a POST or PUT request. The amount of time between ACKs on transmissions of TCP packets in responses. We plan on making these separately configurable at some point down the road. The timer used to default to 1200 before 1.2, but has been lowered to 300 which is still far more than necessary in most situations. It is not set any lower by default because there may still be odd places in The code where the time is not reset at when a packet is Sent.usecanonicalname Directive Syntax: Usecanonicalname ON | OFF | DNS DEFAULT: Usecanonicalname on Context: Server Config, Virtual Host, Directory OVERRIDE: OPTIONS Compatibility: Usecanonicalname is Only Available in Apache 1.3 and later In many situations Apache has to construct a self-referential URL. That is, a URL which refers back to the same server. With UseCanonicalName on (and in all versions prior to 1.3) Apache will use the ServerName and Port directives to construct the canonical Name for the server. this name is buy.................... For example, if Servername is set to www.example.com and port is set to 9090, the canonical name of the server is www.example.com:9090. In The Event That Port Has ITS Default Value of 80, The: 80 is omitted from the canonical name. With UseCanonicalName off Apache will form self-referential URLs using the hostname and port supplied by the client if any are supplied (otherwise it will use the canonical name, as defined above). These values are the same that are used to implement name based virtual hosts, and are available with the same clients. The CGI variables SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT will be constructed from the client supplied values as well.An example where this may be useful is on an intranet server where you have users connecting to the machine using short names Such as www. You'll NOTTNAME, AND A SHICH IS A DIRECTORY, SUCH AS http: // www / spache Will Redirect The To http: // www. . domain.com/splat/ If you have authentication enabled, this will cause the user to have to authenticate twice (once for www and once again for www.domain.com - see the FAQ on this subject for more information) But. IF Usecanonicalname Is Set Off, Then Apac HE WILL Redirect to http: // www / splat /. There is a third option, UseCanonicalName DNS, which is intended for use with mass IP-based virtual hosting to support ancient clients that do not provide a Host:. Header With this option Apache does a reverse DNS lookup on the server IP address that the Client Connected to in Order to Work Out Self-Referenceial URLS. Warning:. If CGIs make assumptions about the values of SERVER_NAME they may be broken by this option The client is essentially free to give whatever value they want as a hostname But if the CGI is only using SERVER_NAME to construct self-referential URLs then it. SHOULD BE JUST FINE. See Also: ServerName, Port User Directive Syntax: User UNIX-UserID DEFAULT: User # -1 Context: Server Config, Virtual HostStatus: CORE The User Directive Sets The Userid AS Which The Server Will Answer Requests. In Order To Use This Directive, The Standalone Server Must Be Run Initially As Root. Unix-Userid IS One of: A username Refers to the given user by name. # FOLLOWED by a user number. Refers to a user by their number. The user should have no privileges which result in it being able to access files which are not intended to be visible to the outside world, and similarly, the user should not be able to execute code which is not meant for httpd requests. It is recommended That you set up a new user and group specification for running the server. Some admin s user Nobody, But this is not always possible or desirable. for example mod_proxy's cache, when enabled, must be accessible to this user (see the Cacheroot Directive). Notes: if you start the server as a non-root user, IT will fail to change to the lesser privileged usr, and will instead continue to Run as there. IW Start The Server As Root, The IT IS Normal For The Parent Process To Remain Running as root. Special note: Use of this directive in Security: Don't set user (or group) to root unless you know, and what the dangers are. Syntax: AddR [: Port] [ AddR [: Port]] ...> ... Context: Server Config STATUS: CORE. COMPATIBILITY: NON-IP Address-based Virtual Hosting Only Available in Apache 1.1 and lated.comPatibility: Multiple Address Support Only Available In Apache 1.2 and later. The IP Address of The Virtual Host A Fully Qualified Domain Name for The IP Address of The Virtual Host. EXAMPLE: Each VirtualHost must correspond to a different IP address, different port number or a different host name for the server, in the former case the server machine must be configured to accept IP packets for multiple addresses. (If the machine does not have multiple network interfaces , THIS CAN BE Accomplished with the IFConfig Alias Command (if Your Os Supports it), or with kernel patches like VIF (for SunOS (TM) 4.1.x)). You can specify more than one IP address. This is useful if a machine responds to the same name on two different interfaces. For example, if you have a VirtualHost that is available to hosts on an internal (intranet) as well as external (internet NETWORK. EXAMPLE: THE SPECIAL NAME _default_ can be specified in which case this virtual host will match any IP address that is not explicitly listed in another virtual host. In the absence of any _default_ virtual host the "main" server config, consisting of all those definitions outside any VirtualHost section, IS Used When No Match Occurs. You can specify a: port to change the port that is matched If unspecified then it defaults to the same port as the most recent Port statement of the main server You may also specify:.. * To match all ports on that address (This. Is Recommended WHEN USED with _DEFAULT_. SECURITY: SEE The Security Tips Document For Details On Why Your Security WHERE Logfiles Are Stored Is Writable by Anyone Other Than The User That Starts The Server. Note: The Use of See also: Apache Virtual Host documentationSee also: Warnings about DNS and ApacheSee also: Setting which addresses and ports Apache usesSee also: How Directory, Location and Files sections work for an explanation of how these different sections are combined when a request is received Apache Http Server Version 1.3
