Discussion on Li Rui, Institute of Filial Powels
Lirui@ncic.ac.cn
Respecting the old and loving the young, honoring parents is the fine tradition of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, "Hundreds of good filial piety is the first", "people's trip is big than filial piety" These proverbs describe the attention of Huaxia children's attention to filial piety. The sages of the past generation are advocating "filial piety", which makes our Chinese civilization to maintain integrity and regularity in cultural etiquette, and we are also praised by exotic. However, there is now the momentum of the next day, there is an important practical significance of re-exploring the filial piety view of Chinese traditional culture.
What is the filial piety?
In China, the idea of filial piety is long. There has been a "filial piety" in Oracle, it seems that a hunchback old man faces left, long-haired, a child, with the head to support the old man [see]
In other words, when it is in the first 11th century BC, Huaxia's aims already have the concept of "filial piety". As for the "Book of Songs", "filial piety" in "Shangshu". "Said Words" has a vivid and accurate explanation of the original meaning of "filial piety": "Filial piety, good deeds, from the old province, from the sub-, and the child." "The Book of Songs" Morning to my parents, I am born, "I am sorrowful, my parents, and I am still working."
"Filial piety" is a respect for the elders, and the bodies are good for their parents, including respect, raising, ending, sacrifices, etc. Therefore, "filial piety" as the fine tradition of the Chinese nation, first is a social moral guideline, which is used to deal with the relationship between the children's mid-length generations; then, with the development of Chinese social civilization, the new content is constantly enriched and given new content. .
2. Filial filial piety in traditional culture
The concept of filial piety has been since ancient times, reflecting the ancestors of the Yin Shang period, the ancestor worship concept - filial piety, to pray for the ancestors to the descendants of the children, belong to the people. During the Spring and Autumn Period, during the Spring Festival, the old and respected and respected old and old, has formed a relatively complete thoughts, ethical concepts and basic norms. Confucian founders - Confucius systematically discussed the filial piety, "Analects", "Filial Piety" and other books recorded a lot of speech in this regard. "Filial piety, it is the benevolence of the benevolence" "The Analects of Learning". "Filial piety" said: "Fu Xiao, Tianzhi Jing, the meaning of the land, the trip to the people"; "Fu Xiao, Germany, the teacher," ";" The trip, Mo Da Yu Xiao ";" teacher dear, Mo Shan is filial piety ".
In the book of "The Analects", I talked about more than ten articles of "filial piety", and it can be subdivided into words and deeds. They only have two cases to show them: "The father is watching the sign, the father does not look at his row In the past three years, there is no change in the father's way, it can be described as filial piety. "" The Analects and Learning ". Confucius believes that the child acts in accordance with their parents before his parents, inheriting their remains after their parents die. In history, Sima moved "Historical Records". The class of "Han Shu" is determined to complete the unusual cause of his father's left; "The filial piety is what can be raised. As for the dog horse, it can be raised. No respect, why? "The Analects and Politics". If you don't respect and love your parents, just the material dedication, what is the difference with the dog horse? Confucius highlights a "respect" word here. He particularly emphasizes attitude issues. It is mainly due to whether the filial piety of the people is honest. If the child wants children to be dedicated to the heart, sincerely. It's not something that children are doing, and I have a good time to eat it to my parents. I have to do it and the color, but shouldn't talk to "I am", "eat".
Since the Western Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu advocated "Strike hundreds of people, alone Confucianism" has been adopted by Hanwu Emperor, and the traditional Chinese culture is mainstream in Confucian thinking. Confucianism believes that there are three links in the filial piety: the birth, the mourning, the sacrifice is respectful. And said that the most important thing is that the name is displayed, Guang Zong Yao Zu, shifting the filial piety, loyal to filial piety. "Filial piety" said: "The body's skin, the parents, not destroyed, filial piety. It is also known as the future, and the parents, the filial piety is also." "Disciple into Xiao Xiao, out of the brother, I believe, the general lovers, and relatively. "" The Analects and Students ". It means that everyone loves to love their parents - filial piety, then love their brothers - 悌,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The family ethics expanded to social ethics, expanded from moral category to political category, so filial piety, shifting filial piety to be loyal, and then made a lot of filial piety for the nation, so there is a proverb of "Xuan Zhongchen in Xiaomen". The feudal emperors often advocated filial piety, as the foundation of the people, the foundation of the founding of the country. The feudal ruler attaches great importance to the publicity of "filial piety", mainly to achieve the purpose of filial piety, but it is undeniable that this behavior has a certain kind in objectiveness. "Governing the country must first" pointed out the importance of filial piety to governance. "Extremely filial, so things", pointing people to the monarch directly to the monarch. "Books, Squiry" said that "things are not loyal, non-filiality" more clearly pointed out that the monarch is unfaithful, it is a filial performance.
The heavy filial piety of the Chinese is almost the biggest feature of distinguishing between other nations. As the moral concept of Huaxia Nationality, "Emperor Gao Meng Ru" and the promotion of the emperor of the past, the filial piety of the feudal society emerged from the filial piety, so many people have a book. There is an influential "Bai Xiao Map", "filial piety", "twenty-four filial piety", especially Guo Junjing, Yuan Dynasty, has a household name, deep into the heart. The stories such as: Wang Xiang Yingying, Meng Zong, Bamboo Bamboo Shi, Zhu Shouchang abandoned the official, Dong Yong sells the funeral father, Ding Lan engraved the wood relatives, etc., all give people a deep impression.
In addition to Confucian, Buddha family also pays great attention to the practice of filial piety, and the Buddha's family will make filial piety as a must condition. Filial piety is the foundation of the good, if there is no filial road, it is not good. In many Buddhist scriptures, there are six monotor filial piety. In the "Parents 'Heartberanda", the parents' spirits are described, and they have no slightly, and they are very delicate and profound. It collects the grace of his parents as a 10th: (1) pregnant care (2) Property suffered suffering (three) births (three) sorrowful (four) swallowing vomiting Gundan (5)
(6) breastfeeding, nursing (7) flowing, not net (eight) travel memories (nine) deep plus small news (10)
During the presence of the pregnancy, you have to bear the pain of all kinds of pain, protect the safety of the fetus, but also died in labor, but when you have a child, the whole thing is the pain. Parents have no slightly, good things always leave them to children, their children wet bed, they would rather sleep in a cold and wet, but put their children in dry. Parents did not hesitate to sacrifice all the enjoyment to cultivate their children, even if the child is ugly or her hands and feet, they will not disappear. When the child grows up, the children will study, and parents will naturally want to think away from the children, and pray for him for him every day. When the child is sick, it is more careful day and night. In the eyes of the parents, it seems to be a child forever and requires the care of the parents. It is said that "the mother is one hundred years old, often more than 80", the Confucian - emphasizes the nature, and run through the death After that, "Daxia's Fighting Mats" "Mencii · Qi Zhang Chapter", promote the opening, and respect the parents of others, "Fu Xiao, start from the matter, in the matter," Finally, "" Filial piety · Opening the first chapter first ", so it is not only a moral guidelines for daily behavior, but also the guidelines for political behavior. Buddhist home - emphasizing the debut, completely tongue, thorough, in addition to filial piety, pay attention to the parents of the past, promotion, popularize all sentient beings.
In short, the idea of filial piety is the excellent virtue of the Chinese nation. The connotation of filial piety culture, with historical development and social changes, gradually formed rich content and specific epitaxial, accumulating the psychological emotions of the Chinese nation, becoming an eternal humanistic spirit, universal ethics, molten casting In the Confucian ethics and moral ideology and traditional culture, it was an extremely far-reaching impact on the Chinese feudal society of later China, is known as ancient "Oriental Civilization".
3. How to inherit and carry forward the filial piety tradition
Take care of the post-filial piety and promote filial piety, that is, our modern people should attract attention and pay attention. As one of the important contents of Confucian ethics, the promotion of Confucianism and the promotion of the feudal emperor naturally have its reasonable kernel. This has been described above. However, it is undeniable that due to the limitations of the times, there is inevitable inclusions with feudal mint, that is, the "忠 忠 愚", "Fourth Movement" and the Cultural Revolution, which is often used to criticize the feudal ideas. Argument.
The so-called "Jun wants to die, the minister is not dead, for the unfaith; the father wants to die, the child is not dead, and for the filial piety" is a typical foolish fool and filial thoughts, this example of this example: such as the Western Han Economics Master Dong Zhongshu proposed " "Jun is an account, the father is the child, the husband", etc., today is not suitable for our human equality democratic society; "the body's skin, the parents, not destroyed" "Filial Piety", I am afraid that modern society is very small, there are many ladies to beauty; if they are "not filial, there are three, there is no big" "Mencius Riro Chapter", it is still "heavy male The root of the idea of the light and female, it is not enough, we advocate equality between men and women. Such a filial piety, today, there is no doubt that we have been discarded by criticism or unreasonable.
However, no matter how traditional filial piety culture in my country, it is not aware of the essence of the Chinese national culture. Its basic social morality of the old and respecting the old age is a full-precious cultural heritage. Today, we have promoted traditional culture and actively promote the moral construction of citizens, especially in my country has entered the situation of population aging, it is very important to study and carry forward traditional filial piety culture. Therefore, we should examine filial piety culture in a compatible attitude, learn from the essence, eliminate the muddy, indeed recognizing the social value and practical significance of filial piety culture, but now, the temptation of money and power in the society in the abstinence, more people Together with the results of the treasure, plus the changes in social structure, making China's inherent traditional thinking gradually be forgotten. Many people chased fame and fortune and indifferent to the righteousness, for parents, abandoned. Not only that, but some people give money to murder their parents, deceive their own personal parents, how violated human nature! The crow is still inversely feeding (feeding a mother) filial piety; the sheep knows that there is a squatting (the lamb is going to kneel on the ground), what is more? I am from the countryside, which is deeply experienced, which is also the initial cause of this article. Where there are many elderly people, although they are full of grandchildren, but they can't enjoy the fun of Tianlun, but they are too white and cold. Many of them have been six or seven years old, but they still need to work in the field, because it is not like this, they may be hungry. When I went back in the Spring Festival this year, I saw a girl who married the village. I heard that people were particularly good for the elderly. I asked some, she said that her husband has been saying more than three years without his parents. , And this is still good, there are a lot of parents, and they have become customs!
The ancient society under strong and powerful "filial piety" is never to this level! In fact, the concept of modern Chinese "filial piety" has been significantly weak. What will happen if you have any of the years? This will become a huge problem for China that is about to enter "unfoyful old".
In real life, how to inherit and carry forward the filial piety in the traditional Chinese culture of the Chinese nation, I think I can start from the following two aspects: On the one hand, we must respect the filial piety, the old, and the old, the old, the school education and social education. Important content. The core of filial piety culture is to respect the old and old, this spirit, no matter whether it is in the future, it has general social significance. At this point, I think Koreans do it better. South Korea advocates a cultural industry. In their film and television dramas, you can easily find their respective generations of respect and love to the elderly. I remember when I first saw Korean drama, I saw that young people must turn his face when I was in the face of a old man, I feel particularly strange, I think about it, it turns out that we have fallen! In contrast, some of China's film and television dramas, more impersataties, the preaching of traditional ethics, rarely see, sad! Today, "Mother's Day" "Father's Day" has quietly loudly, with traditional filial piety cultures, is a matter of gratifying. Second, we must condemn those unfilute behaviors and promote the social atmosphere of respecting the elderly. There are individual children, for their own private gains, rough interference elderly parents legal and remarried; some do not support parents, even parents who lose their self-care ability, do not give care of the necessary help; abuse parents have happened in some places. In this regard, we have to use public opinion tools and even legal weapons to expose and eliminate the above violations of humanity.
We should have a reasonable filial piety advocated by the Confucius of Connect, borrowed from ancient filial piety ideas, use to harmonize, affinity family members, promote the harmony and stability of the family, and then form respect for the old and love the young, mutual love The fashion, promoting the construction of spiritual civilization. Let us create a social atmosphere of respecting the old and old-age, so that the fine tradition of the Chinese nation's respective old-age old is full of greetings!
