The twelve years of Linux is born, it is twelve years of continuous development, and it is the 12 years of experience.
It is gradually mature, gradually clear for twelve years.
Twelve years in turn, just a short one in the history of the long river. Linux opened its new round of hair with a 2.6 version
Exhibition, we will unveil the mystery of the Linux kernel with a review of Linux twelve years.
I didn't get all the big things that Linux developed from my head, just want to describe from a Linux user.
A bit drop in Linux twelve years.
Because of this, my information comes from the Internet. Although the age is long, the vast Internet space
Dotted Dots since the birth of Linux are still available everywhere. Collect them, the development of Linux twelve years
Beaded in front of you.
Linux Birth
At present, Linux is born on August 29, 1991, and everything starts from the following email.
Newsgroups: comp.os.minix
Subject: What Would you like to see MOST IN Minix?
Summary: Small Poll for My New OPERATING SYSTEM
Message-id: <1991Aug25.205708.9541 @ Klaava.helsinki.fi>
Date: 25 aug 91 20:57:08 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki
Hello Everybody Out There Using Minix -
I'm doing a (free) Operating system (Just A hobby, Won't be big and
PROFESSIONAL LIKE GNU) for 386 (486) At Clones. This Has Been Brewing
Since april, and is starting to get i i i i i i f f on
Things People Like / Dislike in Minix, As My OS Resembles It Somewhat
(Same Physical Layout of The File-System (Due to Practical Reasons)
Among Other Things).
I'VE Currently Ported Bash (1.08) And GCC (1.40), and Things Seem To
Work.This Implies That I'll Get Something Practical Withnin A FEW MONTHS,
And I'd Like to Know What Features Most People Would Want. Any
Suggestions Are Welcome, But I Won't promise I'll ustement them :-)
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
Ps. Yes - it's free of any minix code, and it has a multi-thraded fs.it
Is Not Protable (Uses 386 Task Switching ETC), And It Probably NEVER
Will Support Anything Other Than At-Harddisks, As That's All I Have :-(.
The translation of this email is as follows:
Everyone uses Minix friends, everyone is good.
I am doing a free operating system for 386 (486) compatible machines. It is just a business hobby, it will not be very large, not like GNU. From April, I started to work in this work, now I have to finish it.
Cheng. I welcome any friends who like or don't like Minix to give me feedback because I am at some point.
This operating system is very like it. For example, they all use the same file system physics composition (this is
The situation is determined).
At present, I have transplanted Bash 1.08 and GCC 1.40 to this operating system, they all work normally.
Work. This means that under these months, I finally finished some practical things. I really want to know
In this operating system, what functions and features are needed in most people. I welcome a variety of suggestions, although I am
Do not guarantee that they can be implemented.
Linus (torvalds@kruuna.helsinki.fi)
Also: This operating system comes from Minix code, there is a multi-threaded file system. It does not have a good
Flexibility (using 386 task switching mechanism), and because I have limited resources, it may
Never support things other than the AT hard drive.
The Minix mentioned in this is a miniature UNIX operating system, which is completely free and the source code is disclosed. Author is a lot
Professor Andy Tanenbaum in Lan. He prepared for this operating system to teach and demonstrate, so he
Always refuse to add unnecessary characteristics in Minix to make it complicated. But many enthusiasts are keen on
Improve minix, Linus Torvalds is one of them.
Now look at this letter again, who can think of it on the impact caused by IT industry in more than a decade?
If you pay attention to Many emails in Linus in 1991, we will find that he is not now.
One top development master. At that time, Linus was just a new OS, he also admitted in the memoir
At that time, many people were asked for many basic issues.
Who can say that there will be such a legend before twelve years?
Ten years of grinding a sword
In November 1991, the Linux version 0.10 was launched. Early Linux only has few programs until 0.11
Version, Linux still lacks init / login, rename system call, named pipes, symbolic
Links these basic features. After the 0.12 version, the version number jumped directly to 0.95, Linux started gradually
Close to a truly mature system.
The version number practice of Linux development is that the middle number represents the stable version, and the middle numbers are odd generations.
Table development version. Therefore, so far, Linux has experienced the following stable versions, their version number and dimension
The protection people are as follows: 1.0.x; 1.2.x; 2.0.x is maintained by David Weinehall; 2.2.x
Alan Cox is responsible for maintenance; 2.4.x is maintained by Marcelo Tosatti.
Until December 18, 2003, Linux 2.6.0 was launched, and Linus Torvalds personally be responsible for maintenance.
Microelectronics and huge core
Linux is popular with an incredible speed. In its rapid development, you can't mention famous
Whether Linux is out of time. The parties are just Linus and MINIX author Andy Tanenbaum
professor. In this debate, both parties have conducted a deep discussion on many aspects of the operating system.
Still very meaningful.
The most devastated is Professor Andy Tanenbaum. On January 29, 1992, he is entitled "Linux IS
The Obsolete "E-mail is said to the viewpoint of operating system development in the next period.
(1) It is a minor core structure for the micro-kernel or the huge core traditional operating system. This means that the operating system is an overall executable
, Process management, memory management, and file systems are all running in the kernel module. Current a new design
The way is a microner, most of the operating system operate as a separate process, exists outside the kernel, within
Nuclear through message delivery, interrupt processing, low-level process management, so that I / O to complete various work.
He believes that the microennote is significantly better than the huge core, and Linux is just a huge core. Andy Tanenbaum
Professor believes that this is a history of history, which is equivalent to using the 70s technology in the 1990s.
(2) Flexibility (Portability)
Professor Andy Tanenbaum also believes that the operating system should not be written for a particular system of institutions because
The evolution of the architecture is very fast, which will lead to a difficult transplant. Current Linux is too dependent
80386 architecture, which is obviously wrong.
Then Linus acknowledged in the email reply, the microenpence is good, at least in theory. but
Linus believes that there is a more important operating system at the time. He said, if the spring of the previous year
If the kernel of the GNU is launched, then Linux does not exist. Linus believes that only just use
Whether it is a micronide as a standard for the outstanding or notice of the operating system.
LINUS is very important. Microennuclear models have brought certain difficulties in development and commissioning, this
Perhaps it is an important reason for Hurd's delay. In the revolution os documentation after a long time
The GNU's Bishop Richard Stallman acknowledges that the cooperation and commissioning between Hurd is a big problem.
Maybe Linus does have a long-distance. He believes that it should be quickly launched, not the optimization
After the count, the system will be launched, and this point is worth we think.
For flexibility, Linus believes that only someone who is unwilling to write new programs. He thinks it is actually due to
The POSIX standard, Linux is more flexible than Minix, because the transplant procedures on Linux will be more convenient
. Flexibility is a good idea, but it's okay, OS should maximize the characteristics of architecture, so
Will make development easier.
Later, both sides have conducted a lot of arguments, involving many technical details, and many other people participated in, he
What do they say is to be inspired by people who want to learn OS.
Today's Linux can not simply say a micro-kernel system or a huge core system, it has this
Different features of the two systems. However, we can see that it is like the discussion above, which makes it today.
A huge OS theoretical basis, which is also the spirit of Linux, openness.
Reposted from the world of open system.
