At the moment, the national education department is committed to promoting the popularization of new curriculum standards. In fact, this new curriculum standard is a change that adapts to advanced modern learning methods. From the book, "Into the New Curriculum-and Course Dialogue", which is organized by the Ministry of Education, we can clearly see what is the modern learning method that adapts to the needs of the times.
Modern learning methods are the purpose of promoting the subjectivity of the people to promote people's sustainable development, and have different hierarchical open systems with different hierarchies.
First, initiative
The initiative is the primary characteristic of the modern learning method. It corresponds to the passiveness of traditional learning methods. The two are manifested in the specific learning activities of students: I want to learn and want to learn. I want to learn is based on an intrinsic need for students. I want to learn based on external incentives and mandatory. The inherent need for students' learning needs to be interested in learning. Interests have direct or indirect points, direct interest points to the process itself, indirect interest points to the results of the activity. Students have interest in learning, especially direct interest, learning activities are not a burden on him, but an enjoyment, a pleasant experience. The students will learn more, the more you learn, and you are interested in learning.
Second, independence
Independence is the core characteristics of modern learning methods, which corresponds to the dependence of traditional learning methods. If the active manifests is me to learn, then independence behaves as I can learn. Each student, except for special reasons, there are quite a strong potential and significant independent learning ability, not only that, every student has an independent requirement, there is a desire to express your ability to learn independently. The entire learning process of their school is also a process of striving to independence and an independent process. Underestimation, indifference to students' independent learning ability, neglect, suppress students' independent requirements, leading to the continuous loss of students' independence, this is the fundamental shortage of traditional teaching.
Third, unique
Each student has its own unique inner world, spiritual world and inner feelings, with different observations, thinking and solving problems. In other words, students have unique personality, and each student's learning is essentially an embodiment of their independence. In fact, effective learning methods are personalized, unparalleled in a unified way, is effective in a way for a student, but it is not necessary to others.
Fourth, experience
Experience refers to the feelings and consciousness generated by physical activity and direct experience. Experience the learning into the field of life, because of the experience, knowledge of knowledge is no longer just a cognitive, rational category, it has expanded to emotion, physiology, and personality, so that the learning process is not only the process of knowledge growth, It is also the process of sound and the development of physical and physical and personality. Experience is a highlighted feature of modern learning. It is manifested in actual learning activities: first, emphasizing physical participation. Learn not only to think with your own brain, and use your own eyes, listen to your own ears, talk with your own mouth, use your own hand, use your own body to personally experience, use your own mind to personally Awareness. This is not only to understand the needs of knowledge, but also stimulate students 'destiny and promote the needs of students' live growth. Based on this, this curriculum reform especially emphasizes students to participate, emphasizes "activities", emphasizing "practice", emphasizing "investigation", emphasizing "investigation", emphasizing "experience." Second, pay attention to direct experience. Pay attention to direct experience, from the course, it is to regard the students' personal knowledge, direct experience, life world as an important course resource; respect "children's culture", discover the "childlike" "children's" childlike "curriculum value.
V. Problem
The problem is the starting point of scientific research, which is the key to open any science. The study of modern teaching is pointed out that from essential, the sense is not the root cause of learning (although student learning is needed), the root cause of learning is a problem. There is no problem, it is difficult to induce and arouse the existence of notice, no problem, feel that the problems, the students will not think deeply, then learning can only be the surface and form. It is necessary to especially emphasize the formation and culture of problem awareness. Problem awareness will stimulate students' strong learning wishes, and focus on high concentration. Actively investive in learning; problem awareness can also stimulate students' scientific spirit to explore, create and pursue truth. Without a strong sense of problem, it is impossible to stimulate the impulse and thinking of thinking of students, and it is more impossible to stimulate students' respective thinking and creating thinking. In short, the problem awareness is an important psychological factor for students to learn, especially discovering learning, exploration learning, and research learning. As in recent years, our country is in-depth in foreign advanced education concepts, we are increasingly realizing that the most modern learning method is the research study. Research learning is that under the guidance of teachers, research from natural, social and life, and actively obtain knowledge, application knowledge, and solve problems in the study process.
Compared with the classmates familiar to the students, research learning has made a completely different requests for students:
"What to learn in research learning" should be selected by yourself;
"How to learn" in research learning is designed by the students;
"What is the degree of learning in research learning" should be predicted and regulated by the students.
(Guided from "High School Study Research Learning Guidance Manual)
Below is the research study topic of the first-year high school students in Dalian, 2000-2001:
History, current situation and prospects
Mozi's thought
Internet security problem
Shandong rural wedding customs
Quality of junior high school teachers
95 type automatic rifle research
China Shenao prospects
Chinese cheongsam
Jin Yong martial arts novel language art
Main reasons for employees
Students and school uniforms
Postage of stamps
Comics
Diet and health
Psychological analysis of children 8-14
Advertising effect
Centrifuge with inertial "sun" clothes
Home TV
Water circulation
Electromagnetic radiation around us
The difference between large shed vegetables and field dishes
Battery components, harm and recycling
Insect tentacles
Relationship between plant watering, fertilization and its growth rate
Stock market with stock market
Tax and tax law
Chinese and Western architecture
The theme and writing characteristics of "new concept" composition
Presidential Campaign Analysis
Mao Zedong's people
Reasons for high school students from going abroad
History of tanks
Rhetoric and language communication
Chinese football and world football
Basketball with NBA
Dalian's forty-eighth school history
The rationality of 40 after the Dream of Red Mansions
Current situation of civil cultural consumption
I read Yu Qiuyu
What are you doing online?
Exercise and weight
Prevention and treatment of pegs in school lawn disease
Future home
Develop marine resources
Soilless cultivation
Atmospheric pollution and prevention
City selling salt in the salt
Gas alarm trial
The relationship between the traffic of people in the market and the number of openings of the cashier station
What does "Entry" mean China?
Choice of best learning time
Dr. Huang, a doctor of the Pharmaceutist education, in the article "Kids can engage in research", introduced the system of research on the United States. He believes that although it is undeniable that the basic knowledge and basic skills of Chinese children's children are much more tatched than American children. However, the education of our primary stage has three misunderstandings:
First, it is proportioned to the intellectual development of pressurized weighting and children's intelligence. In fact, it is a lotus to help. Compare primary education in China and the United States, we will find many different situations. The image stated that China's primary education seems to add heavy objects as much as possible in the car. The US practice is to let the car run before, and always pay attention to the engine to add oil, add fuel to the fuel tank, let the car run more stable, faster, and more powerful ...
Second, it is considered that the absorption knowledge is completely equivalent to development intelligence. Intelligence includes memory, imagination, observation, thinking, and so on. It is undeniable that absorption knowledge can exercise memory, enrich imagination, improve observation, and enhance thinking. But the development of intelligence is a process of physiology and psychological development. For example, in physiological needs, proper nutrition, in psychological needs, requires normal socialization, and so on. These "need" are never absorbed knowledge can be completely replaced. The absorption knowledge is completely equivalent to development intelligence, and the results can only develop nerd intelligence. Third, think that development intelligence is to cultivate creativity. Cultivating creativity must develop intelligence, but developing intelligence is not equal to cultivating creativity. Therefore, thinking that development intelligence is to cultivate creativity, this is a big mistake in quality education!
Dr. Huang's children's mine mine has accepted basic education in the United States, which makes him adequate conditions to understand how American education makes children research learning, and how to treat children's "research".
In China, general understanding is that research is a matter of senior researchers. Research capabilities are also non-people. Independent research, after we have a generous basics, and after gradually improvement of research capacity.
In the United States, we found a phenomenon that is quite inspired: I believe that the child has the same independent research as adults. Therefore, another feature of American education is to provide the time and space required for children independently study and independent hands-on capabilities.
When the mine mine is in the second grade of primary school, it began to engage in "research". The first time I heard the word "study" from the mine mine in the mouth, it took a while. At that time, the mine mine was 8 years old. Just started to read some books, write some so-called "articles" from a few long sentences. One day, he came back from the school, and wrapped his wife and went to the library. It is said that he is making a study about blue whales, and go to the library to find a reference.
I turned over the "reference information" borrowed by the turning mine, and more than a dozen are children's picture books. Some text descriptions are more, some are less, all of which are introduced to blue whales and whales.
With the deep-entry of the son's reading and "research", my wife is constantly gaining knowledge about blue whales from the mine mine: Blue Whale to eat 4 tons of shrimps; life is 90 to 100 years The heart is like a car; can stand 50 to 60 at the same time on the tongue ...
In this way, the minery finally completed his birth, the first study: "Blue Whale".
I put the story of the minery to Wen Puls, and he showed a particularly strong interest. His children are also studying primary schools. One thing he is very distressed is to think that the school is in the school, the child's intelligence, and interest cannot be effectively developed. After he listened to my introduction, he felt that it was a good idea to engage in research. For example, his child is learning vote, completely letting children study: What is the difference between ancient Go and modern Go? What genre is modern Go? Why did the Korean Go have lived over Japan later? These problems are particularly interested in learning how to analyze problems in the process of research, and solve problems.
Of course, some parents will say that these things are related to the exam? Will improve the test score? In fact, this kind of thoughtful thinking is particularly harmful to the child's intelligence, independent thinking ability, is particularly harmful, and there is no help in improving children's exam skills and exam levels.
We often see such a phenomenon, some children often go out in elementary school, and begin to decline when they come to junior high school; there are some children ranam in the first middle, and they will gradually can't keep up in high school; other people are still in high school. It can be strong, and it often exerts anomalies when he arrived at the college entrance examination. Why would such phenomenon happen? I think there is a problem with the intelligence of these children, but because these children's learning ability and learning habits have issued a problem.
From my own learning experience, I am in elementary school and junior high school learning achievements don't belong to the kind of class. but I
After the time, I have been thrown behind my junior high school in high school, and I have gone through the decisive battle of the college entrance examination. I will play a superior level, and I'm far from the classmates who usually learn from me. Remote and become the college entrance examination in this city. I don't think that the superior level of my college entrance examination is from accidental. In fact, this is love to move, like independently analyzing the problem, thinking about the problem. I like Go, chess, these games don't actually bring direct intelligence improvement, but the desire to win will prompt me to rash my brain to improve my level. And each chess level is improved, it is not because I have given a lot of intelligence of the spiritan medicine, but because my thinking is improved. Going chess is actually a test level of thinking.
Of course, not chess can improve the level of thinking, the same research study, such as researching Go's history, helping you create a time coordinate in your head to form time and space concept. Many of my classmates, although memory is much better than me, but this only means that they remember some knowledge than I faster, and my power is built from small and space map, I have a slow, But once you remember, you won't forget, so that you have been tired of me to make up for the disadvantages of memory.
Research learning, in fact, in the multi-faceted intelligence of students with big exercise, comprehensively improve thinking skills. And should learn, just let the students drill repeatedly in a small smart field, although it can achieve temporary academic success; but in the long run, when learning needs more comprehensive ability, this kind of student is falling, can't keep up with certain.
If you have research capabilities, it is also obvious to the improvement of learning skills and exam skills. This is because you can use your own research capabilities to study how to test, how to learn more efficiently. In fact, I did this year. My memory is not good, I am studying, but I have at least two, seven ways to help memories. These methods not only helped me succeed in the college entrance examination, in the future, I also summed these methods, using the "GRE vocabulary breakthrough", "GRE peak vocabulary" and other books.
Today, our society is in the transition period, there is a large number of new problems waiting to discover, waiting for research, waiting to solve. A truly research capabilities will not happen to the rice bowl. It is only a pity that our society is full of people with a lot of doctors, master's degrees, is the lack of people with truly research capabilities.
Let's take a look at Huang Qi, a doctor introduced to us, in the most Nobel Prize in the country, how to read the middle school is studying research.
If the primary school focuses on the cultivation of the research capacity of children, independent questions, to the secondary school, determine the research method, implement the ability of the research plan, become the focus of cultivation.
In the seventh grade (junior high school) of mine mining, a "100%" scientific research was completed.
The teacher of the natural science class is a scientific study for scientific research at the beginning of his school. Require the children to choose a topic and complete all the research processes in two and a half months.
Project to astronomy, bottom to geography, from animals to plants, from psychology to behavioral science, and choose what is done. But there is a must have to be observed, you must be new, you can't repeat the research, and you must have your own independence.
Mine has already been "research" experience in mine mines. At the beginning, it will be considered to be a "real" scientific study ----- is the same as scientists working in science laboratories.
Since the white mice are the commonly used experimental tools commonly used, they have been studied with white mice.
What is studying? The mine mining left thought and finally came up with a survey of the world: testing the decision-making capacity of the mouse.
Testing the decision-making capabilities of a mouse is not an easy task. How can those fluffy, fat, how can they listen to your test? The mine mine bought two small mice from the pet store. That white, a pair of bright red eyes; another yellow, a pair of black eyes always drip.
The minery came up with a method of taking food to lure mouse drill holes. He took a large plastic dog cage into two with a cardboard. Two holes were opened on one left on the cardboard. The two-footed paper tube was then taken on the hole. When testing, let the little mouse stayed on the other side, put on the other side of the most favorite cheese, then test the mouse drill through the hole, get the time of food.
He divided the entire test process into three stages. Each stage is 5 days. In the first stage, it is mainly to train small mice drill holes. The white little mouse is very machine, you can drill through the paper hole for more than ten seconds each time, eat food. And the little yellow mouse is only a little idiot. It has never understood that there will be no holes in the hole.
In the second stage, it is mainly to let the mouse know the hole on the left - this way is not passing, the hole in the right can eat food.
According to the design of minerals, the third stage is the stage of providing conclusions.
In those few days, I was interested in the mine mine and did interested in the mine mine. The son is holding a stopwatch in his hand, and you met the small mouse to get food through the right hole every time.
Don't look at the small yellow mouse sometimes pulls one or two "bodies up", but it is still so stupid to drill. And that small white mice have 8 to 9 times in 10 times know that the cave drill from the right. At the end of the test, the mine collee completed his papers several days later.
Look at his paper, let me eat it! That is exactly a regular research report.
The topic is: "Is there a decision-making capacity?"
The professional academic papers in the United States have a specific format. The opening is usually introduced, talking about things such as research background, and then the counterparts of the study, that is, the arguments that want to prove or oppose the research. Follow the research method and research process used. Then then the new information materials obtained in the study, and statistical analysis of these materials. Finally, the conclusion segment, put forward its own insights. I called this research style as "American eight shares."
The child's papers imitated this "American Eight Shares", 10 pages, and 3 pages, additional analysis forms. From the narrative of the head to the tail, analyze and analyze.
His conclusion makes me look at my son. He wrote: "The conclusions of the study did not support the argument of mice without decision-making capacity, nor did they support the argument of the mouse with decision-making ability. Because if the mouse has decision-making capacity, the white mouse should not enter the left hole. But If the mouse does not have a little memory, it is impossible to successfully select the right hole in the right. So the final conclusion is that the mouse does not make complex decisions. But their simple memory and instinct will affect their decisions. "
The child's own child's logic, a topic that started to be too unattracted by me, so that the son found a conclusion that she said.
At the seventh grade scientific research exhibition, more than 100 research reports were demonstrated. Each research report is pasted on a cardboard that is consistent with a one-meter square, a size. In addition to displaying the discussion, the little authors also have the ability to genize their art genius, beautify their small world, plus all kinds of instruments used to study their research, physical or even small animals. Said truth, I have never thought of it, the seventh grade child has such a active, so fulfilling thinking.
Below, it is some interesting research topics I extracted from this exhibition:
--- The impact of music (classical music, country music, rock music) on plant growth;
---- The effect of color on the plant growth process;
--- The color of food and the psychology of consumers;
--- Dog rely on what to decide to choose a toy;
--- Cat is left-handed or right?
--- The temperature and environmental protection of Cincinnati area;
......
The school invited several senior judges to evaluate all the exhibitors research projects. The study of minerals has obtained the first prize of the Animal Study Group. What else can you make a parental happy than seeing a child's independence? What else can you have the ability to have independent hands-to-hand, with the ability to digest knowledge, and use the ability to use knowledge to make your parents' happy?
Every time I returned to China, I saw that the domestic children couldn't hurt, hidden from 12 o'clock in the middle of the night, and my heart is not a taste ...
In short, the testic learning is emphasized that learning is back, it is a training, and research learning emphasizes the awareness. Today, China's status quo puts higher demands on the understanding of talents. Because this era is a unique new era, there is no ready-made experience, ancient China has not, and there is no foreign country, everything depends on our own brain. There is no independent thinking ability, and those who lack awareness can only become the abandonment of the times. The problem of "understanding", and Huang Qi also have its own opinion. His feeling is that China has learned less; it is much less known in the United States. Studying in the United States, he always has a feeling, although there are not many things from the teacher, but the heart is constantly "enlightenment", and these things are their own, not a teacher. " ".
Huang Qi is to "to teach people to fish", it is better to teach people to fish ", he thinks that" teaching people with fish "is instilling book knowledge, reading" dead book. " "Teach people" is talking about cultivating people's abilities, and teaches people to learn to learn. Huang Qi said that American schools encourage children to study from small, cultivating children's research capabilities. Because American educators believe that "research" can cultivate the ability of children's independent thinking, independently handling problems, organize the ability to study materials and use research methods, and can also learn in book knowledge and practice in research . Under the influence of the contract education, China's school is taken under the influence of traditional concepts, and the high-level stage is two-stage strategy.
Huang Quan thinks that many people who persist in "China's first-class education are great, the problem is that the research in the advanced stage is not done well, and it is necessary to strengthen the creative problems of the research work in the advanced stage ..." The view is incorrect. . He believes that people's creativity and creativity are not taught, but "cultivate". Since it is necessary to cultivate, it is necessary to train from a young. This culture does not only have the continuity of internal growth, but also have the continuity of external cultures. At the same time, creativity and people's individuality and independence are insensitive, while the development of personality and the culture of independence must begin with young years. If we only engage in the intelligence development of "Test Education" in the primary stage, we will cultivate people's creativity and research capabilities to the advanced stage. We will be difficult to cultivate Nobel Prize winners.
Liu Yiting's learning method is backward and outdated. This learning method emphasizes the training of machinery, repeated, large exercise. This high-intensity learning method is supplemented with the "Iron Man Plan" that Liu Yiting is proud of the "Iron Man Plan" to make the child's academic temporary success.
However, this success is only temporary. Many educators have drawn such conclusions from the contrast of the American students, that is, the child's post-strength is obvious.
True advanced, scientific learning methods are research learning methods. This method can improve students' research capabilities, improve students' learning initiative, learning interest, improve students' discovery, solving the ability, such students can adapt to market economy and knowledge economy society, in the future society It is easier to find your location.
