RFC Guide
Summary
: This article is first briefly introduced.
RFC
History, overview and handling process, then classified
RFC
The main content, and focused on the computer network
RFC
. Finally, give it
RFC
Some network resources.
Keywords: RFC computer network protocol
1 Introduction to RFC
1.1 RFC history and overview
RFC documents also call a request annotation document (RFC), which is a network file or work report for publishing Internet standards and other formal publications of Internet. In 1969, RFC documents is initiated in 1969, RFC publications are directly responsible for RFC Editor and accept general guidance of IAB. There are already more than 3,000 RFC series files, and this number is also increasing, content, and Internet (start calling Arpanet). The draft discusses all aspects of computer communication, focusing on network protocols, processes, procedures, and some conferences in conference annotations, opinions, and style.
The RFC editor is responsible for RFCS and RFCS's overall structure documentation and maintains the index of RFCs. The Document section of the Internet protocol (IESG definition is defined by the IETF of the Internet Engineering Committee and the IETF), as a RFC documentation published. Therefore, RFC has an important role in the Internet.
The RFC editor's responsibilities are made by everyone in the Internet, and the published language is the same as the Internet. Ietf and the ISOC represents international organizations around the world, English is the first working language of IETF, but also a formal publishing language of IETF. RFC 2026 "The Internet Standards Process - Revision 3" allows RFCS to translate into other languages. But you can't guarantee whether its translation is correct. Therefore, RFC editing is not responsible for non-English versions, but only indicates where non-English versions, column of this information on the web page.
1.2 RFC processing process
A RFC file is generally at least three stages before becoming an official standard: recommended standards, draft standards, internet standards.
On the Internet, any user can propose its own solution or specification for the INTERNET, as the Internet Draffs, IDs, to the Internet Engineering Task Group (IETF). The draft is stored on the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific Working Document site for discussion, testing, and review of IETF members of the world's voluntary participation. Finally, it is determined whether the draft can become the standard of Internet by the Internet Engineering Guidance Group (IESG).
If an Internet draft has no IESG recommendation on the IETF's related site, it will not be released as a standard as a standard, then it will be removed from the above sites. In fact, at any time, an Internet draft may be replaced by the new draft version and restarted 6 months of storage.
If an Internet is determined by IESG to be an official working file for Internet, it is submitted to the Internet Architecture Commission (IAB), and forms the sequential number RFC document, which is enacted worldwide by Internet Association (ISOC). Each Internet Standard file is assigned a permanent number independent of RFC after approved, which is the STD number. There is a constantly updated file RFC-index.txt index all files according to RFC numbers, and its corresponding STD number is listed for the Internet standard file. The RFC document must be assigned an RFC number to be released on the network. For example, the content of RFC2026 is "Internet Standard Process - Revisions 3
"
The content of RFC1543 is "RFC Author's Guide" and so on. You can copy or print these online documents when needed. Users can also get RFC documents through several online data databases throughout the world. For example, you can use the path name RFC / RFCNNN.TXT to obtain RFC from the DS.Internic.NET site by FTP, where "nnn" refers to the number of the RFC. Here, when using FTP login, the username and password used are "anonymous" and your email address, respectively. In addition, users can also get RFC documents through the Internet Network Information Center (INTERNIC) directory service, email, WWW, etc.
As a standard RFC, it is divided into several, the first is proposed, that is, it is recommended to use this as a solution, Draft is already part of it, I hope to be used as a formal standard, there is one It is fully recognized standard, which is all used, and should not change. Another is the best practical method, which is equivalent to an introduction. The process of these files is a process from the bottom up, not from top, that is to say that it is a directive by the chairman, or by the head of the working group, what is going to do, what to do? However, there is spontaneous proposal, then discussed inside the working group, discussed the project and guiding committee that will be given to the previous project. However, the Engineering Steering Committee only does not make changes to the review, and the modification is still necessary to return to the working group. The generation of the IETF Working Group file is that anyone can come to the meeting, and anyone can propose, and then he is discussed with others. Everyone has a consensus to produce such a document.
2 RFC content
2.1 Classification of RFC
The RFC index is divided into several categories: Standards; Draft Standards; Proposed Standards; proposed. See the specific content of each classification: www.rfc-editor.org.
2.2 RFC related to computer network
2.2.1
Application layer protocol
l ftp (RFC 959)
File Transfer Protocol FTP (File Transfer Protocol is the foundation of the Internet file transfer. Through this protocol, the user can copy files from an Internet host to another Internet host.
Like most Internet services, FTP is also a client / server system. The user is connected to the FTP server program on the remote host through a client program that supports the FTP protocol. The user issues commands to the server program through the client program, and the server program executes the command issued by the user and returns the resulting result to the client. For example, the user issues a command that requires the server to transfer one copy of a file to the user, and the server will respond to this command to send the specified file to the user's machine. The client program receives this file on behalf of the user, and stores it in the user directory. l HTTP (RFC 1945)
The HTTP protocol (Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Chinese said "Hypertext Transfer Protocol" is used to transfer hypertext transfer protocols on the Internet. It is an HTTP application protocol running on the TCP / IP protocol, which makes the browser more efficient and reduces network transmission. Any server has an HTTP resident program in addition to the HTML file, which is used to respond to user requests. The browser is an HTTP customer, sending a request to the server. When a start file is entered or click a hyperlink, the browser sends an HTTP request to the server, which is sent to the URL specified by the IP address. The resident program receives the request, and then returns the required file after performing the necessary operation.
l SMTP (RFC 821/822)
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is a set of rules for transmitting emails by source address to destination address. Each host wants to receive an email has an SMTP server. When the host receives an email by the user and wants to pass to another server, it contacts the SMTP server. The SMTP server will respond, display confirmation, error message, or specific request information. Where RFC821 defines the SMTP standard, RFC822 defines the SMTP message format.
l POP3 RFC 1081
POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) protocol is usually used to receive emails. This agreement is simple because it contains only 12 commands. These commands are used by the client computer to send to the remote server. Conversely, the server returns two response code to the client computer.
l telnet (RFC854)
The purpose of Telnet Protocol is to provide a relatively universal, two-way, an eight-bit byte communication method. Its main goal is to allow the standard method of the interface terminal device and the interaction of the terminal.
2.2.2
Transport layer protocol
l TCP (RFC 793)
Transmission Control Protocol is to achieve high reliability package exchange transfer protocols between the host. The TCP protocol is mainly to complete communication when the network is unreliable. It supports a variety of web applications. TCP does not require much requirements for the underlying service, it assumes that the lower layer can only provide unreliable datagram services, which can run on a network composed of a variety of hardware. The TCP can segment, reorganize the data according to the data provided by the IP protocol, and the IP protocol is responsible for segmenting the data, transmitted in a variety of networks, so the TCP protocol provides a reliable, flowable, full-duplex Information flow transfer service.
l udp (RFC 786)
UDP (User Data News Protocol - ISER DATAGRAM protocol) is a communication protocol equivalent to TCP in TCP / IP protocol. UDP directly uses the IP protocol to transmit the UDP datagram, so UDP provides no connection, unreliable data report delivery services. UDP is often used in data transmission with less data volume, such as a domain name address / IP address map request and acknowledgment (named), ping, bootp, tftp, etc. When transmitting a small amount of data, use the UDP protocol to transfer the information stream, which can reduce the process of TCP connection and improve productivity. When using the UDP protocol to transfer the information flow, the user application must resolve the problem of datagram sort, error confirmation. 2.2.3
Network layer protocol
l IP (RFC 791)
A critical low-level protocol used on the Internet is an internet protocol, usually called an IP protocol. We use a common compliance IP protocol to make the Internet a network that allows connection to connect different types of computers and different operating systems. The Internet Protocol IP protocol provides flexibility in adapting to a wide variety of network hardware. There is almost no requirement for the underlying network hardware, and any network can be added to the Internet as long as any network can transmit binary data from one location to another. . The IP protocol has important significance for network communication: the computer in the network has enabled many local area networks to form a large and strict communication system. This makes the Internet seem to be true, but in fact it is a virtual network that does not exist. It is only to use the IP protocol to connect all the world all of the world who are willing to access Internet, making them each other. It is possible to communicate between communication.
l ICMP (RFC2236)
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol ", Internet Control Message Protocol) is a sub-protocol for the TCP / IP protocol, which is used to transfer control messages between IP hosts and routers. The control message refers to the network universal, whether the host is up to Whether the routing is available, such as the network itself. These control messages do not transmit user data, but it plays an important role in the transmission of user data.
l ARP (RFC 826)
In a TCP / IP network environment, each host allocates a 32-bit IP address, which is a logical address of the international scope identifier host. In order to transfer the message to the physical website, you must know the physical address of each other. This will exist that the interconnection network address is transformed into an address conversion problem of the physical address. Taking the Ethernet environment as an example, in order to correctly send messages to the destination station, the 32-bit IP address of the destination station must be converted to 48-bit Ethernet address DA. This requires a set of services in the network layer to convert the IP address to the corresponding physical network address, which is ARP.
When the packet is sent, if the message given by the source network layer has only IP addresses, there is no corresponding Ethernet address, the network layer broadcasts the ARP request to obtain the destination station information, and the destination must answer the ARP request. Such a source site can receive an Ethernet 48-bit address and place an address into a corresponding cache. The next source site is directly to the address content in the cache to the address translation of the same destination site. Address Translation Protocol ARP enables the host to find the physical address of any physical host in the same physical network, just give the IP address of the host. In this way, the physical addressing of the network can be transparent to the network layer service.
l RARP (RFC 903)
RARP (Reverse Address Conversion Protocol) is used for a special case. After the site initialization, only its physical address without IP addresses, it can send a broadcast request, ask your IP address, and the RARP server Then be responsible for answering. In this way, the site without an IP address can obtain its own IP address through the RARP protocol, which is valid before the next system is restarted, without continuous broadcast request. RARP is widely used to obtain IP addresses of diskless workstations. 2.2.4
Link layer protocol
l PPP protocol (RFC1661)
The PPP protocol is an effective point of point a point communication protocol, which is used by a set of frame of frames on a serial communication line, a link control protocol for establishing, formulation, testing, and dismantling data links, and a set of supplies to support different networks. The network control protocol of the layer protocol is composed.
Since the check field is set in the PPP frame, the PPP has the function of error check on the link layer. The LCP protocol in PPP provides a means of communication between communication, and provides a set of NCPS protocols that allow PPP to support a variety of network layer protocols such as IP, IPX, OSI, etc. In addition, the NCP that supports IP provides a function of dynamically assigning IP addresses when establishing a connection, and solves the problem of Internet on the Internet.
l SLIP protocol (RFC1055)
SLIP provides a simple way to encapsulate IP packets on serial communication lines to easily access TCP / IP networks using remote users through telephone lines and Modem.
SLIP is a simple group frame, there are still some problems in use. First, SLIP does not support the dynamic IP address assignment during the connection, and communication must inform the other party IP address in advance, which brings great inconvenience to the Internet network on individual users who do not fixed IP addresses: Second, SLIP frames The protocol type field, so it can only support the IP protocol; then, the SLIP frame is column in the SLIP frame, so the transmission error cannot be detected on the link layer, and the transmissive problem must be solved by the upper entity or modest modest modem. .
3 RFC resources
Here are a few more stable RFC links, as well as several important standardized organization's website links
Http://www.rfc.net RFC's official site, you can check the most timely update of RFC
Http://www.ietf.org is one of the most important Internet organizations
Http://sunsite.dk RFC query is very powerful (you can download all RFC documents with FTP)
Http://www.iso.ch ISO - International Standardization
Http://standards.ieee.org IEEE-Electrical and Electronic Engineer Association
http://web.ansi.org ANSI - National Standardization Organization
http://www.itu.int itu- International Telecom League
Reference
RFC2555 "30 years of rfcs"
Www.rfc-editor.org
