Linux software installation general method
To give full play to the role of your computer, you have to have a lot of application software to complete different work. Thoughts on installing various application software in the Windows environment
Road and method, I am very familiar to everyone.
However, when using Linux, it will always be plagued by the following problems:
How to install application software?
Where is my software installed?
How to delete unwanted applications?
......
Below, we will come together to meet these problems.
First, parse Linux application software installation package:
There are three types of installation packages for Linux applications:
1) TAR package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz. It is packaged using a packaging tool Tar using UNIX system.
2) RPM package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm. It is a packaged format provided by Redhat Linux.
3) DPKG package, such as Software-1.2.3-1.Deb. It is a packaged format provided by Debain Linux.
Moreover, most Linux application packages have a certain law, which follows:
Name - Version - Records - Type
E.g:
1) Software-1.2.3-1.tar.gz means:
Software Name: Software
Version number: 1.2.3
Corpled version: 1
Type: tar.gz, an explanation is a TAR package.
2) sfotware-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm
Software Name: Software
Version number: 1.2.3
Corpled version: 1
Available platforms: I386, suitable for Intel 80x86 platform.
Type: RPM, an illustration is an RPM package.
Note: Since the RPM format is usually compiled, the platform is required. The detailed description will be described later.
And Software-1.2.3-1.deb is not needed! Everyone is practicing himself.
Second, understand the contents of the package:
A Linux application can contain two different content:
1) One is an executable file, which is to run directly after unpacking the package. Some packages in Windows are this type.
After you have installed this program, you can use it, but you can't see the source program. And when downloading, pay attention to this software is the platform you use,
Otherwise it will not be installed normally.
2) The other is the source program, and after unpacking the package, you also need to use the compiler to compile it into an executable file. This is in the Windows system
Almost no, because Windows's thoughts are not open source.
Usually, it is a source program with TAR packages; and use RPM, the DPKG packages are often executable. Generally, I have to build a source of origin.
The order can be more flexible, but it is also easy to encounter various problems and difficulties. Relatively, download those executable package, but it is easier to complete soft.
The installation of the pieces, of course, the flexibility is much more. So a software will always provide a plurality of package formats. You can
The situation is selected.
Third, get the application software that uses TAR packages
1. Install:
The entire installation process can be divided into the following steps:
1) Get the application software: obtained by downloading, the way to purchase the CD;
2) Unpacking files: General TAR package, will be compressed once again, such as Gzip, BZ2, etc., you need to decompress first. If it is the most common
The GZ format can be performed: "TAR-XVZF Software Package Name", you can complete the decompression and unpacking work in one step. If not, first use decompression software, then perform "TAR-XVF decompression TAR package" to unpack;
3) Read the included INSTALL file, readme file;
4) Execute "./configure" command to prepare for compilation;
5) Execute the "Make" command for software compilation;
6) Execute "make install" to complete the installation;
7) Execute "Make Clean" to delete the temporary file generated during installation.
Ok, I have a big merit this. We can run the app. But at this time, some readers will ask, how do I execute? This is also
A problem with a Linux feature. In fact, in general, Linux's application software will be stored in / usr / local / bin directory! but
This is not the truth of "all the four seas", the most reliable or watching the software's install and readme files, usually will be explained.
2. Uninstall:
Usually developers developers rarely consider how to uninstall their own software, and TAR is only to complete the packaging, so they do not provide good
Unloading method.
So, if you can't uninstall it! In fact, there are two software to solve this problem, that is, Kinstall and Kife, it
They are a TAR package installation, unloading gold partners. Their use method, the author will report another article. I have not described here.
Fourth, get the application software that uses RPM package
RPM can be called a contribution of Redhat, which makes Linux software installation work easier.
1. Install:
I only need a simple sentence, you can finish it. carried out:
RPM -IVH RPM software package name
For more advanced, please see the table below:
RPM parameter parameter description
-i installation software
-t test installation, not really installed
-p display installation progress
-f ignores any errors
-U upgrade installation
-V detection kit correctly installed
These parameters can be used simultaneously. More content can refer to the command help of the RPM.
2. Uninstall:
I also need to finish simply a simple sentence. carried out:
RPM -e software name
However, it should be noted that the software name is used later, not the software package name. For example, to install Software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm
When a package is:
RPM-IVH Software-1.2.3-1.i386.rpm
When you uninstall, you should perform:
RPM-E Software.
In addition, in Linux also provides graphical RPM tools such as gnorpm, kpackage, making the entire process easier. These software
Specific application, the author will introduce another document.
5. Getting the application that uses DEB package
This is a package manager provided by Debian Linux, which is very similar to RPM. But because rpm has earlier, in various versions
LINUX is often seen. DEBIAN's package manager DPKG only appears in Debina Linux, and other Linux versions are generally not available. we
Simply illustrate here:
Installation
DPKG -I DEB software package name
Such as: DPKG -I Software-1.2.3-1.Deb
2. Uninstall
DPKG -E software name
DPKG-E Software
