Introduction to Western Tube Musical Instrument
[Rev. Prediction: This article published in Tsinghua BBS site and some other domestic BBS stations in this article. At that time, I was "Thank Qinghua BBS Classical Music version of the master Daqing, this article is included in the essence area. Due to various Cause, the original text is not in the classical music version of BBS. I have already been logged out. This time I will post this article and revise it again, and I am full of some content, welcome to these contents of netizens who are interested in these contents. In addition, The contents of the typical application of the instrument are not referred to that only the instrument can be found in this song, but refers to this song, it can be more obviously listened to the typical tone of this instrument. Sackbut]
[Order: Western Pipe Musical Instrument is a very common musical instrument, English is the indispensable part of the orchestra and the Orchestra, and the tube instrument is mainly supported by the orchestra or The color sound appears, and in addition to the strike part, the tube band is a tube instrument (the only stringed device is Double Bass). Since the band is often used by the troops or etiquette, sometimes It is called a military band. I am like classicism and romantic music, and it is also a musical instrument fan. The following content is a little accumulation of the knowledge of music and musical instruments for many years. I hope to have a little music enthusiast and musical instruments in netizens. Help, you will not be enlighten, if you need to know more about the introduction of the introduction in the article, please also check the professional books.
Theory:
Western Pipe instruments have many classification methods, generally in accordance with pronunciation methods, divided into blowing holes air musical instruments, single spring air musical instruments, double spring air musical instruments and labby muscles musical instruments. The top three instruments are from historical origins. In the reed musical instrument, the tone lacks a metallic sense, so it is collectively referred to as a wooden tube instrument. Although many instruments have been used as raw materials. In the Orchestra and the military band, this set of instruments are called a wooden pipe group. Comparison, the lax gas musical instrument is called a copper group (in fact, such instruments are indeed copper). Below, we will make a profile for these instruments.
First, blow hole qi musical instrument
Including flute and picoli
A. The principle of vocality:
The blown hole gas musical instrument tube is cylindrical, flipped, and the lip is the excitator. When the lip is vivid, the airflow impact is separated from the edge of the blow hole, and the gas flow in the tube causes the air post in the tube to vibrate.
B. Introduction to the instrument
Flute (FLUTE)
Don't call and Ya Num: "Huadu Gem"
Musical instrument this tone: C
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, no transfer
Practical Valid: C1 - C4 (three octaves)
Structural composition: Treatment (including blowing festival, main opening and tail) and acoustic key system.
Use material: normal: seamless nickel silver tube
Professional: hard truth
Musical instrument characteristics: fresh, thorough, tone is cold. The treble is born, the bass is beautiful and sweet, widely used in the orchestra and military band
Others: Except for C-Duty Flute, there are BD, BE-tone Flute, g-zero-tone flute, C-lowering sound flute, etc., application less typical application: Some Tama (Czech), symphony "My motherland" "Volua River" primer part of Grig (Norway) "Pierl. Jin" group "Early Morning".
2. Piccolo
Musical instrument this tone: C
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, no-transfer loss of eight degrees
Practical Valid: C2 - C5 (three octaves)
Use material: normal: seamless nickel silver tube
Professional: hard truth
Musical instrument characteristics: The gamut is more than a long flute, which can reach the highest limit of the band, the sound is sharp and transparent, the same sound area is not as full, and is a decorative instrument, which is very solo, used in the orchestral band.
His: There are temperance, cautious use, make the music more loud, powerful and brilliant.
Typical application: Sova (US), "Stars and Stripes will never fall" third dimensions, Tektrios "Old Friends" Third Measurement.
Second, the single spring gas musical instrument
Includes clarinet, small casing, maximum clarinet and saxophilic instrument.
A. The principle of vocality:
The pipe is a cylinder (single spring tube) or a cone (sak tube) type. Draw, the excitator is a single piece of reed spring and the mouth with it, fixed to the upper end of the musical instrument, the airflow passes through the remnant and mouth into the mouth The pipe body vibrates the air column in the pipe.
B. Introduction to the instrument:
Clarion (Clarinet)
Don't call and Ya: "Speech" in the black tube, the orchestra
Musical instrument: BB adjustment
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, transfer tall secondary memory score: E - g3 (three and half octave) (actual sound D - F3)
Structure composition: whistle, small cartridge, main tube (two sections), speaker port, and mechanical sound keys
Material: normal type: hard rubber, ABS plastic, phenolic resin, etc.
Professional type: specially treated ebony, rosewood, mahogany or organic glass, etc.
Musical instrument features: Topya is bright, the middle sound area is rich in expression, the sound is pure, clear, the bass area is low, and the weighing is full, it is the most widely used instrument in the wood tube.
Other: In addition to the BB adjustment Spring tube, there are commonly used BE-cell clarinet and audio-extended middle sound clarinets, bass clarinets, and minimum sound swings, etc.
Typical application: Mozart (Austrian) "A Dynamic Crack Conchuno Converse", Gswin (Mei) Piano and Band "Blue Rhapsol"
2. Saxophone Music (SAXOPHONE)
Musical instrument this tone: BB (treble, submot), be (middle sound, low yo)
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, according to musical instrument
Practical area: two half-eight degrees
Structural composition: metal parabolic linear cone pipe body, a whistle, a hm system tanker system with a single triumgo. Except for BB treble saxophone, bend into smoking type.
Use material: copper
Musical instrument features: rich in tone, the treble area is between the clarinet and the round, the Sino-Sinya is like vocals and cello tones, bass area like large and bass.
Typical application: A large number of modern popular light music, a variety of Ravel (Method), "Po Roose Satong"
Third, double spring air musical instrument
Includes instruments such as crossstands, British tubes and balances.
A. The principle of vocality:
Tubular cone, direct blow, the excitation is fixed to two reed reeds in the upper end of the musical instrument. The airflow enters the tubular body through the whistle to vibrate the air post in the tube.
B. Introduction to the instrument:
Two-reing, OBOE
Don't call and Ya: The lyrics in the wood tube
Musical instrument this tone: C
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, no transfer
Practical Valid: B - F3 (two and a half octave)
Structure composition: whistle, pipe body (including up and down and trumpet) and tonic keys
Use material: pipe body is made of specially treated hardwood
Musical instrument features: sound soft, with reed flood, suitable for the emotion of idyllic scenery and melancholy lyrics.
Other: In the band, it is the performance of the main melody. It is a good solo instrument, which is also good at ensemble and accompaniment. It is the tuning benchmark instrument in the symphony band (the band is a group of A tone adjustment of the twin trip)
Typical application: Mozart (Olympus), "Two-Tube Concerto" Zheng Road (China), "Beijing Xi News to the Border Village"
2. British horn (ENGLISH HORN)
Alias and Ya Nump: F-tone double spring tube, Sino-cell double spring tube
Musical instrument this tone: F adjustment
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, transfer note
Practical area: E - A2
Structure composition: whistle, pipe body and acoustic key system
Use material: wooden
Musical instrument features: Voice approximate twians, melancholy, dreamy love.
Other: Not the basic instrument of the orchestra, only used when expressing a specific situation.
(Note: The origin of the "British Management" name is not the result of this instrument from the UK, but due to the same transliteration on the text)
Typical application: Dewa Chik (Czech Republic), "Ninth Symphony (Self-News)" Second Musical First Topics
3. Basil (Bassoon, Bassong)
Don't call and Ya: a bundle of firewood (from Italian Fagotto)
Musical instrument this tone: C
Application spectrum: Western spectrum, no transfer memory.
Practical Savord: BB - Tony Group of BB - Small Words (three octaves)
Structure composition: whistle, U-type pipe body (four sections) and acoustic keys
Use material: maple colored wood or maple
Musical instrument features: Bass area sounds are solemn, the Sinoto area sound is soft and sweet and full, the treble is dramatic, suitable for serious and dull feelings, is also suitable for expressing harmonious taste and shaping ugly corner.
Other: There is also a bass (low octave), which is the minimum tone in the wooden tube.
Typical application: ratio (law), opera "Carmen" The first scene and the second scene, the melody is selected from the aria, "Alkara Long cavalry"
Fourth, lab spring air musical instrument
This type of musical instrument has a wide variety of copper tube instruments that forms a relative wood tube instrument, that is, the usual instrument, commonly known as a speaker, including military number, trumpet, short number, round number, long number, large and Sac No., etc., there are many specifications. The lip spring air instrument is made of copper alloy. A. Sound Principle:
The lack spring is vibrated by the lip. When the lip is vivid, the airflow blows into the tubular body through a cup of mouth, so that the air in the pipe is vibrated, and the length of the opening and closing piston device or the retractable tube change number is to obtain the length of the tube. Different pneumers, and by the horns open to the morning glory, it will expand its volume. Its pronunciation also depends on the degree of tension of the player's lip muscle, the same tube length can play from low to height about seven For a dozen floods. (For details, please refer to the "Talking on the Principle of Brass Tubes" in this Edition.
B. Introduction to the instrument
Armle (bugle)
Introduction to the instrument: Natural flunatics, the simplest structure, including four types of steps, season, military, and youth.
Musical instrument this: BB, G, F and other various
Application spectrum: Simple special number
Practical domain: can only blow a few or even more than a dozen floods, and there is incomplete
Structural composition: several single-circle and double circles, all consisting of pipes, flare and nozzles
Musical instrument features: simple structure, bright pronunciation, and long history.
Other: It is only used for the troops and primary and secondary school drums, or the orchestra and military bands are not available.
2. Trumpet
Musical instrument this tone: BB
Application spectrum: high torrotto, transfer tall two degree memory
Practical Valid: E - C2 (actual D - small word group bb), two and a half eight degrees
Structural composition: number of mouth, pipe body and mechanical three parts. The mechanical part consists of pistons and piston sets, and the bypass tube is turned on by pressing the piston to achieve the purpose of the extended tube. (Piston is divided into heave and rotary two Species)
Tube length: 1.335 meters
Musical instrument features: strong tone, sharp, rich, is a high musical instrument of the copper tube. You can also send a beautiful and rich melody. Use a mound tone to change the tone.
Other: It is an important instrument for the orchestral band and military band. There are also a variety of adjusted trumles such as C, BE, A, and less use.
Typical application: Hyton (Austrian) "Small Concerto", Musolski (Russian) "Walk", Tchailkovski (Russian) "Italy Alied" (Russian) dance drama "That Puri Dance", Baha (Germany ", Branden Fort Concerto
3. Short number (CORNET)
Musical instrument this tone: BB
Application spectrum: high torrotto, transfer tall two degree memory
Practical area: # f - c2 (actual E - small word two groups BB), two and a half eight degrees
Structural composition: number of mouth, pipe body and mechanical three parts. The mechanical part consists of pistons and piston sets, and the bypass tube is turned on by pressing the piston to achieve the purpose of the extended tube. (Piston is divided into heave and rotary two Variety, tube is slightly thicker than the small, and there is more turning.
Tube length: 1.335 meters
Musical instrument characteristics: sound soft, gerbera life. Not brilliant
He: usually only uses the military band and the ballroom band. There is a short number, which is less. In the current military band, the trumpet often uses the trumpet to replace the short number, and the sound is controlled by the player.
Fourth, lab spring air musical instrument (continued)
B. Introduction to the instrument (continued)
4. Rotary (Horn, French Horn)
Don't call and Ya Num: France, "The Soul of Tube Musical"
Musical instrument this tone: f adjustment (common round number F, BE double adjustment, F, BB double adjustment f, a, bb three-tension)
Application spectrum: Treor spectrum, transfer note.
Practical Voices: B1 - F2 (three and a half octave)
Structural composition: mouth, pipe, mechanical three parts, use cyclotron, with three bonds, four-bonds and five-bonded rolls.
Tube length: 3.939 meters (F)
Musical instrument Features: Tone has both copper tube characteristics, more gentle, elegant, mourning and poetry, between the copper pipe and the wood tube, with extremely rich in expression.
His: The wide range in the copper tube instrument is the widest, and the application is the most widely used.
Typical application: Mozart (Austrian) "Round Censored" four, small John Strauss, "Blue Danube" inner
2. Trombone
Don't be called and Yaji: pull tube, telescopic speaker, "stringed instrument in tube music"
Musical instrument this tone: BB
Application spectrum: Western spectrum and secondary spectrum number, unshrouded memory record (also has a transfer note)
Practical area: E - small word group BB, two and a half eight degrees
Structural composition: telescopic length is composed of a number of mouth, U-shaped sleeve, tube, tube, horn, pillar, etc. The bass is also a four-degree tube piston and a four-degree addition pipe.
Tube length: 2.75 meters
Musical instrument features: tone, brilliant, solemn, magnificent and full, sound is bright and powerful, weakness is gentle, and the audio is unified, rarely assisted. You can play a unique slide.
Others: The only bronze tube instrument that has not been improved in the construction. Not only is the important instrument of the orchestral band and military band, but also a lot of jazz, known as "King of Jazz." It is used for solo. There is also a piston long, and it has been basically eliminated.
Typical application: Wagner (German "opera" Female Wushen ", Wagner (German" opera "Tang Hao" prelude, Hasso (former Soviet), dance drama "Gabigne" "horse knife dance" , Raewell (Method) "Popoldo"
3. Large (TUBA)
Don't call and Ya: Low sound, Baibei, double 低 音 sack
Musical instrument this tone: BB
Application spectrum: 低 音 谱号, unshrouded memory (also have a recorded note)
Practical Voices: D1 - F2, three octaves
Structural composition: number of mouths, pipes and mechanical three parts. There are four to six pistons (slewing is more common). Large has a large number, circle large and re-port large (commonly known as "Susa ") Three kinds, the next two are only used in the army or tube band.
Musical instrument characteristics: The largest bass of the silver tube instrument in the orchestra, the tone is thick, majestic, solemn, and the bass violin is the basis of orchestra.
He him: G, F, C is also used in the orchestral band. It is very suitable for solo.
Typical application: Holster (English), "The Tiangu" of the Planet Group "(with the long ensemble)
[Note: From a sense, the large number should be classified as the saxic, but only the large size of the Sak No. is a place in the orchestra, so it is listed.
Fourth, lab spring air musical instrument (continued)
B. Introduction to the instrument (continued)
4. Sack
Introduction to the instrument: This is a race instrument, with the highest tone, treble, midphints, submot, upper, bass, multiple bass. Generally only used for military bands and tube.
Musical instrument this tone: BB or BE
Application spectrum: Into the instrument this modulation record (the secondary plunge "is not moved without memory)
The structure composition: the mouth, the pipe and the mechanical part, and there are three to six pistons.
Musical instrument characteristics: sound is soft, round and elastic, rich in expression.
Conclusion:
The above brief introduces the common Western tube instruments, it is necessary to point out that these tube musical instruments are from simple to complex, never perfect to improve development, and continue to improve and improve. Their applications are different from their voice and audio. At the same time, it is also affected by the era of different historical periods and the influence of composer style. During the Baroque Period, the most trapped band in the orchestra of the classic-class, the tube, the natural routing (the modern round nasal ancestor), often appeared Clarinet, natural trumpet (the nasal ancestors of modern small numbers), etc., the length is less. Starting from the romantic music period, the status of the tube musical instrument in the orchestra is gradually improved, and the development of musical instruments is also becoming more and more perfect. The romantic master Wagner has made a huge contribution to the tube instrument, especially the tube musical instrument. In the middle of the 19th century, Western Pipe instruments were basically fixed, and there was no much change in nearly a hundred years. Since the 20th century, some composers headed by the US commander and composer Bernostan have created a lot of modern orchestras that emphasize the tube musical instrument, the music is brilliant, although the ideology of the work is poor, but it is very refreshing The feeling, which everyone is more familiar with "Olympic glory".
The following is simple to list the application of the modern military band and orchestra and other bands in the Chinese and Western tube instruments for your reference (indicated in parentheses):
Military band:
Wood tube: BB clarinet, (Be treble clarinet) flute, piccolor, double spring tube, big tube, bb times in the middle sound sax tube, BE Sakin sak-tube (BB treble sak-tube, BE bass sak tube)
Copper tube: small, (short) round number, long number, bethon sound sack, BB times
Jar, BB on the bass sack, large.
orchestra:
Wood tube: BB clarinet 2, flute 2, double spring tube, 2 large tube (shortfire, British tube, bass single-spring tube, bass of the bin "copper pipe: small number 2-3, round number 3--4, long No. 2--3, a large number.
(Note: I rarely used the length and large number in classicism)
Jazz band:
Wood tube: sak tube, clarinet (double spring tube, flute)
Copper tube: long, trumpet
(The above three band configurations also include stringed instruments and striking instruments, there is not listed in the article)
Wooden tube five repeat: flute, clarinet, twians, large tube, round or second single
Bronze tube five play: first small, second trumpet, round number, diagram, large number
