Bloom's education target classification
The educational goal refers to the expected results of student learning. In 1956, the famous American educational psychologist Bloom was based on the integrity of the educational goals and developed an education objective classification system. He proposed that the educational goal is divided into three targets of cognition, emotion and action skills, and according to low to high, the field is divided into multiple levels and levels in the order of simplification,
1. Education objectives in cognitive fields
The cognitive target is divided into six levels according to the level of low to advanced levels:
(1) Knowledge points to the memories of previously learned, including memories of specific facts, methods, processes, theories, etc.
(2) It will refer to the meaning of grasping the contents of the subject, and the specific manifestations can be expressed by their own words, and can be explained, and it can make simple inferior;
(3) Application means to apply the content of the knowledge to new specific situations, including the application of concepts, methods, theory;
(4) Analyze the structure of the content to be analyzed;
(5) Comprehensive pointing to create new knowledge structures, such as developing an operation plan or summarizes a set of relationships;
(6) Evaluation Efficiency According to the basis, the external standard is determined to value the content, which is the highest level of cognitive learning results.
2. Educational goals in the field of emotion
Educational goals in emotional fields are divided into five levels according to low-level to advanced levels:
(1) Acceptance of a phenomenon;
(2) Reaction refers to active participation;
(3) Valueization refers to a certain value standard, prefers a certain value standard and is willing to give a dedication for certain value standards;
(4) The organization refers to comparing different value standards and establishes internal consistent value systems;
(5) The characterization of value or value system means controlling its behavior in long-term value system;
3. Education objectives in the field of skill
Educational goals in the field of skills are divided into seven levels according to low-level to advanced levels:
(1) Perception refers to the related information that can be used for guiding actions after the sensory is obtained;
(2) Orientation refers to the preparation of activities from physiology, psychology and emotions;
(3) Guided reaction refers to the imitation and attempts of a certain action skill;
(4) Mechanical action means to complete actions in some skilled and confident levels;
(5) Complex exotic reaction refers to the complex action of proficiency operation;
(6) Adaptation of the high level of development of skills, that is, students can correct their own actions according to specific situations;
(7) Innovation refers to the creation of new actions, which emphasizes creativity based on highly developed skills based on specific situations.
Bloom divides the target into three fields of cognition, emotion, and action skills, basically cover all the contents of individual development, which provides an important theoretical framework for the development of the overall practice course.
