You are reading the Emacs Quick Guide (Emacs Tutorial). Please see the page for copy conditions.
Copyright (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation.
The Emacs command typically contains a Control key (sometimes in Ctrl or CTL to indicate) or
The META key (sometimes indicated by an EDIT or Alt). In order to avoid writing its full name every time,
We will use the following abbreviations:
C-
Type F again in the Control button.
M-
When there is a Meta, an Edit or an Alt key, you can use "Press the ESC to let go,
Type the
Important memo: To exit Emacs sessions (SESSION), type C-X C-C (two characters).
The ">>" character in the left side is to let you try the prompts of the command used. for example:
<< Blank Lines Insert Around Following Line By Help-with-Tutorial >>
[Middle of Page Left Blank for Didactic Purposes. Text Continues Below]
>> Type C-V (View Next Screen) to move to the next screen. (Try to see, type characters
V While holding down the Control button)
From now on, you should do this action once every time you read the current screen.
It should be noted that when you move from one screen to another, there will be two lines of repetitions; this is to
Provide some continuity, allowing you to read text.
What you need to know how to move in the text. You already know that you can move forward from C-V
Move a screen. To move a screen back, type M-V (hold down the META button, then type V
, Or if you don't have META, EDIT or ALT buttons, type
>> Try to type M-V and then C-V and continue several times.
Now you can move the c-v command to the section of the "translation" in the following, to achieve the translation related to this article
Item; then return here with the m-v command. 】
* Summary
-----------------
The following command is quite useful when browsing the screen: [We now use "screen" to "display files)
The area of the capacity, because it is currently a single-pane display status in Emacs, if
In the state of the multi-pane, the commands described here utilize "panes in the work". About pane
Introduction, please see the Windows section. 】
C-V moving a screen / pane forward
M-V moving a screen / pane
C-L Clear the screen / pane, re-display all text, location of the cursor is displayed
The center of the screen / pane. (Is Control-L instead of Control-1) >> Find the position of the cursor and pay attention to why the text near it. Then type C-L. Look again with the cursor again
The location, confirming that the same text is now near it.
If your terminal has a PageUp and a PageDN key, you can also use them to be single
The place moves, but use C-V and M-V will be more efficient.
* Basic cursor control (Basic Cursor Control)
----------------------------------------
The screen to the screen is very useful, but how do you move to a specific location in the screen in the screen?
There are several ways to do. You can use the arrow keys, but put your hand in the standard [keyboard] bit
Set, and use commands C-P, C-B, C-F and C-N will be more efficient. These characters and four
The arrow keys [function] is equal, as shown below:
Front line C-P
:
:
Move C-B backward .... Current cursor location .... move forward C-F
:
:
After one line C-N
>> Move the cursor to the center of the graph in C-N or C-P. Type C-L will see the entire graphic display on firefly
The center of the curtain.
You will find the meaning representing the letters to remember that they are easy: P Represents previous, n
Next, b represents Backward, and f indicates Forward. You will "always" use these tour
Snorked command.
>> Move the cursor to this line as a few times.
>> Move it to this line in C-F, then move back in C-P. Look at the cursor in the Bank
What is the action of C-P?
Each text is ended as a newline character, which is used as a next line.
In the last line in your file, there should be a newline to end (but Emacs is not
Set it to edit the file).
>> Try to type C-B in the place where the row is started. The result should be moved to the last side of the previous row. this is
Because it passes back to the NewLine character when it moves back.
C-F can also pass the NewLine characters like C-B. [Newline characters are "invisible
(Invisible) characters, generally can't see it in the editor, just tell you:
Going forward, then the cursor will run to the upper party (if any); go back and go back in the distance, then the cursor will
Run to the next line (if any). "Crossing Newline characters" will make the cursor to another line. 】
>> Multiple C-B, you feel the cursor. Then press C-F to the tail of this line several times.
Pressing C-F again to move to the next line.
When you move the cursor above or below the screen, the text outside the boundary shifts into the screen. This
"Rolling". It allows Emacs to move the cursor to any specific location in the text, while
(Cursor) Will not run out of the screen.
>> Try to take the cursor under the screen with C-N, then look at what happened.
If a character moves too slowly, you can move one word one word. M-F
(META-F) moves a word forward, M-B moves back to a word. [For Chinese, it is mobile
To the next or last punctuation. 】
>> Type some M-F and M-B.
When you are in the middle of a word, M-F will move to the tail of this word. When you are in the words and words,
M-F will move to the next word of the word. The effect of M-B is similar, but the direction is different. >> Some C-F and C-B in M-F and M-B, in the middle, so you can observe M-F
And M-B in different positions of "bit in the word or character", the performance.
Please note the similarities between C-F, C-B and M-F, M-B. The situation of "often" is:
Meta characters are used as an operation related to "the unit (word, sentence, paragraph)" defined by language
Working, and the control character is "Basic" unit (character or line "unrelated to your edit
Wait).
This similarities are equally applicable between "row and sentence": C-A and C-E will move the cursor to "one
At the beginning and end of the line, the M-A and M-E move the cursor to the beginning and end of the "one sentence"
Place.
>> Try to press twice C-A and then press twice C-E. Try to press twice M-A and press twice M-E.
Look at why the duplicate C-A command will have no effect, and the repeated m-a command will continue to move.
A sentence. Although this doesn't say it is a complete class, it seems very much.
natural.
The position of the cursor in the text can also be referred to as "Point". Simply, it is: cursor performance
The text location of "point" in the screen.
Here is some simple "cursor-moving operations", including
"Words and sentence" movement commands:
C-F moves a character forward
C-B moving back back a character
M-F moves forward a word [Chinese is moving to the next punctuation]
M-B moving back moving a word [Chinese is moving to the last punctuation]
C-N moves to the next line (move down)
C-P moves to the previous line (move up)
C-A moves to the head
C-E moves to the end
M-A moves back to the sentence
M-E moved to the end of the sentence
>> Exercise several times of these orders. These are the most commonly used commands.
There are also two important cursor-motion commands, M - <(Meta Less-Than), shift
Move to the beginning of the text, and M->-Than, move to the last of the text.
At most endors, "<" is above the COMMA, so you have to use the Shift key to key
Into. On these terminals, you must use the Shift key to type M- <; did not use the Shift key,
You turn into type M-COMMA.
>> Try M- <, moved to the beginning of this fast guide. Then use C-V to return again.
Here.
>> Try M-> now, move to the final guide. Then use M-V to return this again.
in.
If your terminal has a direction key, you can also use the arrow keys to move the cursor. We have three reasons
You learn C-B, C-F, C-N, and C-P: 1. Any terminal can be used. two,
Once you are quite skilled in using Emacs, you will find these Control characters, compared to the user
It's too much to the key (because you don't need to move your hand open the field). Third, once you use these Control
The character command becomes a habit, you can easily learn other advanced cursor action commands.
Most of the EMACS commands accept digital parameters; for most of the commands, its role is to specify the number of repetitions. The number of repetitions you want to specify a command is: Type C-U first, then enter your finger in your key
Type a number of repetitions before the order. If you have a META (or EDIT or Alt) button,
Then you have another alternative to enter a digital parameter: Press and hold the META button to enter this number. I
We recommend that you learn C-U methods because it can be used in any terminal. This number parameter is also
It is called "first parameters" because you type it before this parameter acts.
For example, C-U 8 C-F moves 8 characters forward.
>> Try to use C-N or C-P with a number parameter, only one command moves the cursor to this line.
nearby.
Most of the commands use digital parameters as their repetition, but some commands are as other.
use. There are a few commands (currently you have not learned) use it as a flag - type with a first parameter
Arrive, regardless of why, they make this order to do something different.
C-V and M-V are an exception of another class. When a parameter is given, they are rolled out "specified quantity
Rows (in behavioral units), rather than in units of "screen". For example, C-U 8 C-V
The screen is displayed 8 rows.
>> Now try to type C-U 8 C-V.
This command should have moved the screen up to 8 lines up. If you want to get it down again, you can
Give a given parameter when M-V is executed.
If you are using the X window system, there should be a "rolling axis" on the left hand side of the Emacs window.
Rectangular area. You can use a mouse on the rolling axis to scroll the text.
>> Try to press the intermediate button on the "rolling axis inner inner continent). This should be rolled out to "
The location determined by the places of the mouse.
>> When pressed in the middle, try to move the mouse up and down. You will see the text as you move the mouse and up and down
mobile.
* When Emacs is in a daze (When Emacs Is Hung)
---------------------------------------
If Emacs stops responding to your command, you can type C-G to securely stop it. You can also make
Use C-G to stop performing an overnaughter command.
You can also use C-G to cancel digital parameters or you don't want to complete the command.
>> Type the C-U 100 to set the number parameters of a 100, and then type C-G. Type C-F now
. It should only move one character because you have canceled the parameters in C-G.
If you are not carefully type a
* Incompatible command (Disabled Commands)
-----------------------------------
Some Emacs commands are "invalidated", so beginners will not use them unexpectedly.
If you type an invalid command, Emacs will display a message, indicating that this command is
And ask if you want to continue, then execute this command.
If you really want to try this command, type blank when you ask you when emacs asks you. One
As soon as you don't want to perform this invalid command, please answer it in "N".
>> Type C-X C-L (this is an invalid command) and then type N to answer questions.
* Windows
-----------------
Emacs can have several panes, each showing its own text. We will explain how to use multiple panes later. Now we want to explain how to remove excess pane, then return to the basic single-pane editing.
It is very simple:
C-X 1 One Window (ie, remove all other panes).
That is a number 1 followed by Control-X. C-X 1 expands the pane containing the cursor to the entire screen.
It removes all other panes.
>> Move the cursor to the Bank and type C-U 0 C-L.
>> Type Control-Hk CONTROL-F. Take a look at this pane when a new pane appears (with
When a document for the Control-f command is reduced.
>> Type C-X 1 to disappear with the document list pane.
This command is not like the command you have learned, it includes two characters. It is character
Control-x starts. There is a whole series of commands that start with Control-X; they
Many of them are related to "pane, file, temporary area, and related things". These orders have 2, 3
Or 4 characters long.
* Insert and deletion (Inserting and deleting)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you want to insert a text, type it. The characters you can see are like a, 7, *
Wait, it is considered text by Emacs and can be inserted directly. Type
Key) to insert a newline character.
You can type
That is, you usually use the same "to delete the last type of characters" outside Emacs. Generally
It is a big key in the
"Backspace".
If there is a big key labeled "Backspace" there, then that one is to use as it.
Not
More general,
>> Do now - Type some characters, then type
This file will be fade; you will not affect the original quick guide. (You will see now) this
It is your personal copy.
When a line of text is better than "a line in the pane", this line of writing "continues" to the second window
Live. At this time, an anti-slope "/" (or if you use the window, it is a small bend
The arrow is located at its right border to point out this line.
>> Insert text, until you reach the right bound, then continue insert. You will see a continuous line
Now.
>> Use
.
You can delete newline characters like deleting other characters. Will the newline word in the two lines
Yuan deletion will make them merged. If the result of the merge is too long, it cannot be in line with the window.
The width of the grid will be displayed in a connection.
>> Move the cursor to the beginning of the Bank and type
Row.
>> Type
Include text characters. Repeating a text character will insert it several times.
>> Try Now - Type C-U 8 * to insert ********.
You have now learned most of the basic parties that "Type anything in Emacs and the correction error".
law. You can also delete it "in words or behavior units". Here you have a summary of "Delete Operation":
C-D Removes the latter character in the cursor
M-
M-D Deletes the last word where the cursor is located
C-K deletes characters from the cursor to the "row"
M-K deletes characters between the "sentence tail" where the cursor is located
Note "
Expansion (um,
And M-K is like C-E and M-E to some extent, if "a line" and "one sentence" as class
Ratio.
You can also remove any part of the buffer in one way, move to some of you want to delete
One end, then type C- @ or C-SPC (any one). (SPC refers to Space Bar
) The other end of the part is moved, then type C-W. This will put the place between these two locations.
There is text deletion.
>> Move the cursor to "you" word at the beginning of the previous paragraph.
>> Type C-SPC. Emacs should display a "Mark Set" message below the screen.
>> Move the "end" word in the second row.
>> Type C-W. This will delete the text from "You" to just "end".
It should be noted that "killing" and "deleting" are different from being killed.
Can be pulled back, but it is not possible. [It is a bit difficult to understand, you can think so: one, "Kill it
"Years of the dead bones, and" deleted ", the bones are not available! It can be seen that "delete" for computer information
More than "killing" serious. Second, in fact, even if it is deleted, we still have a technology to save it.
Back, especially text information, premise is the formatting action of entity memory after deletion. But this
It is impossible for general users, so this situation is not considered. 】 Re-insert being killed
Text is called "Yanking". In general, the command that can remove a lot of words will
Some texts are stored (they can set it back), and those just delete a character or
Just remove the blank line or blank command, these deleted texts will not be stored (so you can't
That text is pulled back).
>> Move the cursor to the beginning of a non-blank line. Then type C-K to kill the text on that line.
>> Type C-K for the second time. You will see that it kills the newline character behind the line.
Please note that the separate C-K will kill the content of a line, and the second C-K will kill the party itself.
And make all other rows move up. C-K handles digital parameters in a very special way, it will
Kill a lot of rows and their content, this is not just repeated, C-U 2 C-K will kill both lines and their newline characters; if only type C-K is two times.
The action that will be recovered to be killed is referred to as "YANKING". (Take it into you
From the things that you take away, pull back) You can pull back in your place where you delete the text, you can
Turn back elsewhere. You can pull back the same text several times to make it a copy of it.
The command pulled back is C-Y. It will reinsert the last killed text in the position of the current cursor.
>> Try to see; type C-Y pull back.
If you have made several C-Ks continuously, all the words killed will be stored together, so do it once.
C-Y will pull all these rows back.
>> Now, type C-K several times.
Now you have to restore those who killed:
>> Type C-Y. Then move the cursor to a few lines, and then type C-Y again. You know now
Copy certain words.
If you have some words you want to pull back, but later you have killed something, so what should you do?
C-Y will pull back recently, but the previous text has not disappeared, you can use M-Y to return
To it. When you have used C-Y to pull the nearest killed back, type M-Y to pull these
The text is replaced with the previously killed. Type M-Y again and again will kill the previous one.
The text belt back. When you get to the text you want, you don't need to do anything to save it, just follow
Continue your editor, stay in these roll-back text is good.
If you have made M-Y many times, you may return to the starting point, that is, killing recently.
>> Kill a line, around it, and then kill another row. Then use C-Y to bring the row of the second kill back
Come. Then use M-Y, it will be replaced by the line of the first killed. Do a few times of M-Y to see you
What will you get. Not interrupted, until the second kills, do it a few times. If you want
If you can try to give M-Y positive or negative parameters.
* Cancel action (UNDO)
------------------
If you have changed the text, then I feel that it is an error, you can cancel this Undo command
Change, C-X u.
Usually C-X u cancels the change caused by a command; if you repeat many times in a row
C-X u, each repetition will cancel additional commands.
But there are two exceptions:
First, there is no change to change the text is not counted (this includes the command of the cursor movement);
Second, the characters typed in a group are processed in a group of one group - up to 20 - each group. (This is
Reduce the number of times you must type C-X u in canceling "Inserting Text Actions))
>> Kill this line with C-K, then type C-X u, it will appear again.
C-_ is another cancellation command; its role is like C-X U, but it is easier in a line.
Type many times. The disadvantage of C-_ is that it is not very clear in some keyboards how to type it, this is why I
They also provide C-X u reasons. In some terminals, you can press and hold the Control and type /,
To type C-_.
A digital parameter is a number of repetitions for C-_ or C-X u.
* File (file)
----------------
In order to make your text permanently save, you must put it in a file. Otherwise, when you quit Emacs, it will disappear. In order to put your text in the file, you must type these
"Find" file before text. (This is also called "Visiting" file)
Find a file indicating that you can see the contents of the file in Emacs. From many ways, it is like
It is the same as you directly edit the file. However, you are using until you "save" this file.
The change made by the Emacs editing will not be saved. That's why you can
Avoid leaving files to half in the system. Even when you are stored, Emacs will also put the original text
For a different name, you can do it later. If you think that your change is a mistake, you can
use it.
At the bottom of the screen, you can see a line that starts with the broken number - usually "-:
Tutorial.cn "or other similar things begins. This is part of the screen, usually used
You are visiting the file. Now, the file you are visiting is called "tutorial.cn", it is you
Human copy. When you find a file with Emacs, the name of that file will appear in that place.
square.
Among the commands of looking for files, there is a very special thing that you must say this name you want.
We said this command "a parameter from the terminal". (In this example, this parameter is
Name of the file) When you type this command,
C-X C-F Find a file
Emacs will want you to type file name. The file name you typed will appear on the bottom of the screen. Be used
When the input is input, the bottom line is called a small buffer. You can use normal
Emacs Edit Commands to Edit this file name.
You can use C-G this life when you are typing the file name (or when you enter any small buffer input)
Order cancels it.
>> Type C-X C-F and type C-G. This will cancel the small buffer and will cancel this
The c-x c-f command of the small buffer. So you didn't find any files.
When you type this file name, type
Will start working and find the file you selected. The small buffer is at the end of the C-X c-f command
It will disappear.
After a while, the content of the file will appear on the screen, then you can edit its content. When you want
Type this command when you change your changes permanently:
C-X C-S Store this file
This will copy text in Emacs to the file. When you do this action for the first time, Emacs will
Rename the original file into a new name so that it will not disappear. New names usually add
Enter "~" to the name of the original file.
When the store ends, Emacs will list the names of the write file. You should regularly save, this
If the system crashes, you will not lose too much job.
>> Type C-X C-S to store your copy of this Quick Guide. This will
"Wrote ... tutorial.cn" This message is displayed below the screen.
Note: In some systems, type C-X C-S will freeze the screen, you will not see from Emacs
Any output. This means that the operating system is called "function" "" process control "to block the C-S command
Calcloud and do not allow it to pass to Emacs. To cancel the freezing of the screen, type C-Q. Then go to Emacs
In the manual, see the topic of "Spontaneous Entry TOINCREMENTAL SECH" to obtain this "function" suggestion.
You can find an already existing file and watch it or edit it. You can also find one yet.
Existing files. This is a way to build a file with Emacs: find this file, starting from scratch,
Then start inserting a text into this file. When you ask "Storage" file, Emacs will really build
Set up a file and put the text you insert into the file. From then start, you can be used as yourself.
It is edited an existing file.
* Buffer (Buffer)
------------------
If you are "finding the second file in C-X C-F, the first file still exists in Emacs. To switch
Back to it, you can find it once again C-X C-f. In this way, you can open a lot of text in Emacs
Part.
>> Establish a file called "foo" in a way to type C-X C-F foo
Into some text, edit it, and then store "foo" in C-X C-S. Finally, type C-X
C-F Tutorial.cn
Emacs stores the text of each file in a piece called "buffer". Find a
The file will create a buffer within Emacs. I want to see the current work of your Emacs.
Rush list, type
C-X C-B lists buffers
>> Try Now C-X C-B
See how each buffer name is named, and it may also have a "file that stores its content".
The name. "Any" text you see in an Emacs pane is part of a buffer.
>> Type C-X 1 to exit the buffer list
When you have several buffers, only one of them is "currently role". And that is
You are editing buffers. If you want to edit another buffer, you must "switch" to it.
If you want to switch to a buffer connected to a file, you can use C-X C-F to visit the one again.
file. But there is a relatively simple way: use C-X b; in this command, you must type slow
The name of the punch.
>> Type C-X B foo
Enter C-X B Tutorial
For most cases, the name of the buffer is the same as the name of the file (removed in the file name)
Directory part). However, it is not always the case. The list of buffers you made in C-X C-B is always
Displays the name of each buffer.
Your "any" text you see in an Emacs pane is always part of a buffer. One
Some buffers are not connected to the file. For example, the buffer named "* buffer list *" is named and
No files. It is a buffer that contains a buffer list that you created by the C-X C-B command.
Area. The buffer named "* message" is also not connected to any file; it is in your Emacs
The session contains messages that appear in the bottom.
>> Type C-X B * Messages *
Tutorial
If you have modified the text in the file, then find another file, this action will not store the first one.
file. Its modification still exists in Emacs, which is in the buffer of that file. Second
The establishment or editing of a file does not affect the buffer of the first file. This is very useful, but this situation also shows that you need "a convenient method" to store the first file buffer. Just for
Save the first file must switch the buffer with C-X C-F to save it, always
It is an annoying process. So we have
C-X s stores some buffers
C-X S will ask for each buffer that you have made but have not stored. It will ask you, for
Do you want to store each such a buffer?
>> Insert a line of words and type C-X s. It should ask if you want to store named
Tutorial.cn buffer. Type "Y" to answer.
* Extending The Command Set
-----------------------------------------
Because Emacs has too many commands, even if all the Control and Meta characters are used, they don't do
The method is completely placed. Emacs solves this problem with X (expanded "Extend") command. The expansion command has
Two types:
C-X character expansion. The back is followed by a character.
M-X has a named command expansion. The back is followed by a long name.
There are still some commands to usually use it, but it is less used than you have learned. You already
I have seen two of them: C-X C-F in the file command, and C-X C-S is stored. other
The example has a command to end the Emacs session - this command is C-X C-C. (Don't worry, you will lose
Going to the change, C-X C-C provides a text that stores every change before it kills Emacs.
Opportunity. )
C-z is * temporary * Exit Emacs command - so you can return to the same EMACS session later.
In some systems that allow it, C-Z will "suspends" Emacs, that is
Say, it will return to the shell but will not destroy Emacs. In the most common shell, you can use
"FG" or "% Emacs" two commands restore Emacs.
In systems that do not provide a pause function, C-Z will create a subsidell under EMACS to let
You have the opportunity to perform other programs and return to Emacs later, it doesn't really exit Emacs.
In this example, the shell command "exit" is a normal way from Subshell back to Emacs.
Time to use C-X C-C is when you plan to log out. It is also very suitable for exiting by other mail
Handling programs, as well as Many different applications started with EMACS. However, in general, if
If you don't plan to log out, it is best to pause Emacs instead of exiting it.
There are many commands for C-X. Here is a list you have learned:
C-X C-F File.
C-X C-S Stores the file.
C-X C-B lists the buffer.
C-X C-C exits Emacs.
C-X 1 deletes all other panes except one except one.
C-X u cancels the action.
Command named by expansion is usually uncommonly used commands, or only in a specific mode.
The command. An example is a string command that will replace a string in the whole world. when
When you type m-x, Emacs will ask you on the bottom of the screen, then you should also type this command.
name. In this example, "Replace-String" Just type "REPL S
Emacs will make up this name. End this command name in
The substitute string command requires two parameters - the substituted string and the string used to replace it. You must
NewLine characters end each parameter.
>> Move the cursor to the lower two lines of the Bank, then type
M-X REPL S
Please note how this line changes: After the start position of the cursor, you have already put C-H-A-N-G-E-D
This word - no matter where it appears - the word "altered" is replaced.
* Auto Save (Auto Save)
-----------------------
When you have modified in a file, but you have not stored them, then if your computer is
Machines, they will be lost. In order to avoid this situation in your body, Emacs will regularly
The file you are editing is written in the "Auto Save" file. Automatically store files in front of the file name
There is a # symbol; for example, if your file is named "Hello.c", then its automatic storage
The file name of the file is "# Hello.c #". When you store files in a usual way, Emacs will
Remove its automatic storage file.
If you crash, you can find a file normally (referring to the file you edited instead of the auto storage)
Deposit file) Then type M-X Recover File
When you are confirmed, type YES
* Response area (Echo Area)
---------------------
If Emacs sees you slowly type multi-character command, it will display them below the pane,
The area called "response area" is given to you. The response location is in the last line of the pane.
* Mode Line
---------------------
The top of the response area is called "status line". The status line shows some information, such as:
-: ** Tutorial.cn (Fundamental) - L670--58% ----------------
The Bank provides some useful information about the "state of Emacs" and "text you are editing".
You already know what the meaning of the file name is what you are looking for. -Nn% - pointed out that you are now
The location in the text file; it means: There are NN percentage literals on the pane. in case
The top of the file is in the pane, then it will display - TOP - instead - 00% -. If the text
At the bottom of the part in the pane, then it is display --bot -. If you are watching the text file, you are very small,
In the pane, it is enough to see all content, then the status line will display - AlL-.
L and numbers indicate locations in another way: they give the current number of rows (line).
The asterisk near the previous indicates that you have changed these words. Enjoy or store a file when you visited or store
After that, the part of the status will not be as an asterisk, only the dash.
The status line is located in the part of the brackets, which is used to tell you what edit mode is being used. default
The mode is Fundamental, that is, you are now using. It is an example of "main mode".
Emacs has many different main modes. There are some of them to edit different languages and / or
The same type of text, like a LISP mode, Text mode, and more. Only one main model at any time
The style can work, and its name can always be found in the status line, just in the "Fundamental" in "Fundamental".
Each main mode makes some commands behave nothing. For example, in a program
Some commands are used to make a note, and because each program language should be asked for a note.
Once you have different ideas, every main mode must be inserted into a note in different ways. each
A main mode is a name of an extension command so that you can use to switch to that mode. for example,
M-X Fundamental-Mode is a command to switch to the Fundamental mode.
If you want to edit a text file in a human language - like this one now, you should use Text
mode.
>> Type M-X Text Mode
Don't worry, there is no Emacs command you have already learned, it will be changed to any very different
form. But you can find that M-F and M-B now treat the apostrophe (') as part of the word. first
Before, in the Fundamental mode, M-F and M-B will treat the apostrophe as the separator symbol.
The main mode usually makes some exquisite changes like the above example: most of the commands are in each
"Do the same thing" in the primary mode, but they work in a different way.
[Continue to the head opened above, the recording of the language is mentioned. The same action inserted into the note <
M-; Command Insert>, will vary depending on the program language / main mode you use. If you use C
Language, EMACS insert "/ * _ * /", and placed the cursor in it to start a note; if you are using
FORTRAN language, Emacs insert "C _" because it starts as a note line in character c; if you make
Used in the Perl language, Emacs is inserted into "# _" because it starts with the wellhead number as a note text.
The "_" refers to the position where the insertion is inserted, the position where the cursor is located. The elasticity of the editor is so
There is no need for a different language, purpose or appearance, design a special editor. "Ask Datong, save
Small videos are also established here. 】
To browse the document you are now, type C-H m.
>> Use C-U C-V or several times to bring the Bank to the top of the screen.
>> Type C-H m to see where the Text mode is different from the Fundamental mode.
>> Type C-X 1 Remove the document from the screen.
The reason why main mode is called "Major" is because they also modified (Minor)
Mode). The secondary mode is not the other choice of the main mode, but only the secondary changes. Each time
The style can be enabled or stopped by itself, and all other times are independent, and it is also not your main mode.
turn off. So you can use the secondary mode, or one, or any number of times a combination of times.
There is a second mode called Auto Fill mode very useful, especially in editing human language.
Time. When this mode is enabled, Emacs will put that when you insert the text and make a row too wide.
Row, automatically separated between words and words.
You can enable the Auto Fill mode to M-X Auto Fill Mode
When enabled, you can use M-X Auto Fill Mode
When used, this command will start it, and when this mode is enabled, this command will turn it off. We said this command is used to "Toggle" mode.
>> Type M-X Auto Fill Mode
Until you see it into two rows. You must put a blank between them because Auto Fill is only
Blank line.
The boundary is usually set to 70 characters, but you can use the C-X F command to change it. You should
A number of digital parameters to give you the desired boundary setting.
>> Type C-X f and attach the quotient 20: "C-U 2 0 C-X f". Then type some text, see
Look at Emacs with 20 characters, Fill action between rows and rows. Then use once C-X
f Set the boundary back to 70.
If you make changes in a paragraph, Auto Fill mode does not re-add Fill.
Act (RE-FILL). To RE-FILL, type M-Q (Meta-Q), and the cursor must
It is in it.
>> Move the cursor to the previous paragraph, then type M-Q.
* Search (Searching)
-------------------
Emacs can search for strings (strings can be a group of consecutive characters or words) [For Chinese, characters and
The word is basically the same; "Word" referred to here is a character set that is not blank in English.
. 】, You can go back to the search. Searching a string is a cursor mobility command, it will travel
Script moves to the next place where the string appears.
Emacs search commands and most editors have different places where it is "gradually
Incremental ". This means that the search happens after you type the text string you want to search.
The command to start searching is: C-S search forward, C-R goes back. But wait! Now no
Try it.
When you type C-S, it will be found that a string "I-Search" appears in the response area as a prompt.
It tells you that Emacs is now in the state of "progressive search", waiting for you to type you want
Search for strings.
>> Now type C-S to start a search. Slow down, type a character once, type "Cursor"
This word, when you type a character, stop, pay attention to what the cursor happens. Now
The word "Cursor" has been searched.
>> Type C-S again to search for the next appearance location of "Cursor".
>> Type
>> Type
Have you seen what happened? In a gradual search, Emacs tries to go to your typing word.
The next appearance of the string. To move to the next appearance position where the cursor is located, just type C-S
once. If there is no such appearance location, Emacs will clam and tell you the current search.
"failure". In addition, C-G can also be used to end the search.
Note: In some systems, type C-S will freeze the screen, you will not see any from Emacs
What output. This means that the "function" called "Flow Control" is called "Flow Control",
And do not allow it to pass to Emacs. To cancel the freezing of the screen, type C-Q. Then use the Emacs to use
In the manual, you're looking at the topic of "SPONTANEOUS Entry To Incrementals" to obtain this "function" suggestion.
If you are in a progressive search, you can find the search string in the
The last character in the middle is eliminated and the search will return to this search for the last place. Example
Say, suppose you have typed "C", used to find the first appearance of "C". Now if you type
"U", the cursor will move to the first appearance position of "CU". Type
"U" is eliminated from the search string, and the cursor will move back to the first appearance position of "C".
If you are in the middle of a search and type a Control or Meta character, (but there is
Some exceptions - special characters for search, like C-S and C-R), and search will end.
C-S will start a search, it looks for any appearance of the search string in the current cursor position,
position. If you want to search in the previous text, type C-R as an alternative. In addition to the direction of the search
In addition, what we have said about C-S can be applied to C-R.
* Multiple WINDOWS
------------------------------
One of the most good features of Emacs is that you can show more than one pane simultaneously on the screen.
>> Move the cursor to this line and type C-U 0 C-L.
>> Type C-X 2 now, which will divide the screen into two panes. These two panes show this fast
Speed guide. The cursor stays above the pane.
>> Type C-M-V to roll down the pane below. (If you don't have a true META key, type
ESC C-V can also be. )
>> Type C-X O ("O" refers to the meaning of other "other", move the cursor to the window below
grid.
>> In the lower pane, use C-V and M-V to scroll it. Continue to remain above the pane
Read these guidelines.
>> Type C-X O to move the cursor back to the pane above. The cursor will return to it in the upper pane,
The original location.
You can continue to switch between the panes in the pane. Every pane has its own cursor position, but
It is only one pane that will really display the cursor. All usual editing commands will only apply to that cursor
Pane in the pane. We call this "selected pane".
Command C-M-V Edit text when you are in a pane, and use other panes as a reference,
is very useful. You can keep the cursor in the pane you are editing, and refer to C-M-V
Let the other panes forward. [Verification work is especially suitable for this way, such as GNU
The practice of Chinese translation: find an original English document; find it to translate a good Chinese file, edit this
"The selected pane", with the C-m-V command to keep the passage of the verification .... 】
C-M-V is an example of a Control-Meta character. If you have a true meta key, you can
Press and hold the Control and META and type V to type C-M-V. Control or Meta "Who
I didn't affect it, because the two keys were used to modify the characters you typed.
If you don't have a real META key, you can use ESC to be used as an alternative, so the order
There is a relationship: You must type ESC, follow Type Control-V, and Control-Esc V will not work. This is because ESC is a character with its own role, not a modified key.
>> ((in the upper pane) Type C-X 1 to remove the lower pane.
(If you have typed C-X 1 on the bottom pane, then you will hide the above pane.
Command imagine "only to keep one pane - I am editing this.")
You don't need to display the same buffer in two different panes. If you use C-X C-F in one
File in the pane, the other pane is not changed. You can find it in the independent pane [it
Believe one file.
There is another way here to use two panes to display two different things:
>> Type C-X 4 C-F, follow the name of one of your files. Novels with
bundle. Look at the specified file appears below the pane. The cursor also ran there.
>> Type C-X O to return to the top pane, then remove the lower pane with C-X 1.
* Recursive editing level (Recursive EDITILS)
------------------------------------------
Sometimes you enter the so-called "recursive edit". It is indicated by a square bracket in the state line.
And the pattern name indicated by the brackets is included. For example, you may see
[(Fundamental)], not Fundamental.
To exit the recursive editorial class, type the ESC ESC ESC. This is a full-featured "exit" command. you
It is also possible to use it to remove excess pane and exit the small buffer.
>> Type M-X to enter the small buffer; then type the ESC ESC ESC exit.
You cannot use C-G to exit the recursive editing class. This is because C-G is used to cancel the command and "bit
The "arguments" "in the recursive editorial class.
* A more help (Getting More Help)
-------------------------------------
In this fast guide, we try only to provide just good information, let you start using Emacs. in
There is too much information in Emacs, which is impossible to explain all here. However, you may
Will you want to learn more Emacs related information because it has many other useful features. Emacs
For the "reading about Emacs Commands". These "help" commands are contral-h
The characters are started as the beginning, called "Help Character".
To use the Help function, type C-h characters, then type a word that explains the help you need.
yuan. If you really don't know what to ask, please type "C-H?", At this time Emacs will tell
You can help it. If you have typed C-H, but find you don't need any help, keys
Enter C-G to cancel it.
(Some websites change the meaning of C-H this character. They really should not set it to all
The user is all applicable, so you have a reason to complain about system managers. Hereby
When C-H does not display any messages related to the help at the bottom of the pane, try to type the F1 key,
Or M-X Help
The most basic HELP function is C-H C. Type C-H, character c, and one or a string of characters;
The Emacs then displays a very short explanation of this command. >> Type C-H C C-P.
The news should be like this:
C-P Runs the Command Previous-Line
This tells you "The name of the function". The function name is mainly used to customize and expand Emacs. By
The function name is selected by the "What is used to indicate this command, so they can therefore be used as
Very short document - enough to remind you that you have already learned.
The multi-character command is like C-X C-S and (if you don't have a META or EDIT or Alt key)
It can also appear behind C-H C.
To achieve more information about a command, use C-HK to replace C-H c.
>> Type C-HK C-P.
This will display the documentation documentation of this function in an EMACS pane and its name. When you read it,
Type C-X 1 to jump away from these help characters. You don't need to do it right away. You can do some edits,
Type C-X 1 when referring to the help text.
Here are some other useful C-H options:
C-H f explains a function. You want to type the name of this function.
>> Try to type C-H f Previous-line
Information on the function of C-P this command
C-H v This similar command displays documents that "you can use to customize Emacs behavior."
When Emacs requires, you need to type the name of this variable.
C-H A Command Related Find (Command Apropos).
Type a keyword and then Emacs will list all "in its name.
All commands for keywords. All of these commands can be enabled by META-X
move. For some commands, the command-related lookup will also list "
Sthns of one or two characters of the same command.
>> Type C-H A File
This will display a column that "all M-X commands containing" File "in its name" is displayed in another pane.
table. You will see "Character-Commands" like C-X C-F in its corresponding command name (such as:
Next to Find-file.
>> Type C-M-V to move the Help pane. Try a few times.
>> Type C-X 1 to delete the Help pane.
C-H i Read Online User Manual (A.K.A. Info).
This command will bring you a special buffer called "* info *", where you
You can read the online use manual for the package installed in your system. Type
M Emacs
No INFO system has been used, type "?". Emacs will take you into
Guide for the INFO mode function. Once the study of this quick guide is completed,
You should check the Emacs Info manual to use as the primary reference document.
* More Features (more features)
-------------------------------
You can use the emacs manual (Use the HELP menu or type F10 h r)> to learn more about it. There are two you can Features that can especially likes is that the COMPLETIS that saves typos and simplifies file processing. Dired. Completion is a way to avoid unnecessary typing. For example, if you want to switch * Messages * buffer, you can type C-X B * m In info, the manual, called "Completion" node is explained. Dired allows you to list files in a directory (optional optional), in the list Moving, visiting, renaming, deleting, and performing files. Dired is in the emacs manual Info, called "Dired" node is explained. The manual of the User's manual also explains the features of many other Emacs. * Conclusion -------------------- Remember, use C-X C-C to completely exit Emacs. To temporarily quit to the shell, then return it later To Emacs, use C-Z. This fast guide should be easy to understand for all novices, so if you find any place Clear, don't just sit down - (to this article author and translation), let's complain! * Translation --------------------- The list of translators in this fast guide is as follows, and if you are reading this article, "complete" to Emacs No concept, please tell us your opinion as a subsequent improvement basis for this article. Translation also provided a copy "GNU Emacs Chinese Processing Description" The content has been organized to this Quick Guide>, please also see it. The editor is the most frequently contacted application of computer users, so it should not be too difficult for beginners. For a general comment, Emacs is an editor that does not have to learn, but your opinion can make it more In order to close the general user, the role of the computer as a tool is fully utilized. If you are willing to provide Improved opinions, please email to We welcome any discussion; if you don't want to send a list, please email it directly to this article. Translation Issue here> ". If you are Emacs enthusiasts, GNU Chinese Translators Team (GNU / CTT) Personal in translation translation Emacs manual. This quick guide does not use the translation term used to habits, on the one hand, because of its actual intention Different from the general editor, the original text is different; on the other hand, because of the visual adopted by Emacs Design concept, it has already existed before the windowization system, the essence is different. In short, translation is this It can help understand the entire design philosophy of Emacs. If you receive a reply, most requirements We are still as good as a stream. First, in order to avoid the confusion of "cursor movement command", the term adopted in this paper is: move forward (Move backware); Move Backware, "not recommended to use" post "shift, Because it is in fact it starts to the file, not to the end of the file>; "PREVIOUS" Line); Next Line. Second, in this article, "line" refers to ROW, which is a general habitual usage. In order to avoid misleading The reader is particularly explained herein. In formal usage: "column" translated into "line", "vertical" For the line (straight), it is also translated into "column"; "ROW" is translated into "column", with "horizontal" as a column (horizontal). Readers think about "combined with horizontal" should be understood. About because Chinese is originally straightforward, we Say "one line" is no problem; but now most of the Chinese is the horizontal book, because the habits are also known For a line. Third, related translations from "text" and its collection, the translation is: edited "text": "Then type some text"; "Document" used as a description function: "This function is described "Text" of the content described in its illustrated: "The actual effectiveness is based on English." Even "One line", as long as it is used as an explanation, the translation is deemed to "document". Fourth, "CUT" is divided into "killing" and "delete" in Emacs, and the difference is as follows: "CUT" in the editor: Only the text recently passed to the clipboard; "Kill (Killing) ": The text killed, all is added to Kill Ring;" Delete (Deleding) ": The text deleted is deleted. So in the general editor, you can only Paste "Recently" is written by CUT; and in Emacs, you can "pull back" any previously killed The text is lost, and it is easy. As deleted, because it is used as a "delete" function Command, the number of words that can be removed is very small, so there is nothing to pull back; if you really want to recover These words, Undo your movements are. 5. "Window" is translated into "Windows" and "Windows", the former indicates the current concept Window system, such as "X Window"; the latter represents the window in Emacs, translated here is called "pane". Emacs' "Pane" can work normally even under the command tips, this basic characteristic is obviously worthy of We describe it in another dedicated term. Sixth, the term "find" a file in Emacs, "Find" in Emacs: Find a "Not The file that exists "should be recognized as" new files "; find a" existing "file, then "Open the old file". Emacs is only solved by a "find" action, the main reason is "actually" Software works. The hackers should find this more natural because it reflects the work side of the computer. When it is operated, it is less nonsense. Seven, in the [】 text in the [] Remarks. Eight, the problem has been resolved on the structure of the Chinese document structured. Nine, the list of simple use of the simple use of this translation text is as follows: CN EN Document file Document [ation] Document file file Advanced Advanced Character character character character Command command Command Remarks Comment Crash machine crash Cursor Cursor Cursor Custom subscription Customize Default Default Exit exit EXIT hacker Hacker Information Information Info [mation] Message message Message On-line online online Operation operation Operat [e / ing] Package kit package Program program Program Recurrent delivery back Recursive Screen screen screen Session phase session Software Software Software Window Window [S] In addition, we also welcome readers to directly modify this quick guide, make their own version, with themselves It is considered to be the most appropriate way to introduce Emacs. If you make this personal version, For your reference, please send you The version is disclosed to the Chinese user download in the GNU / CTT web page. Translation: Liu Zhaohong Verification: Ma Xueping, Liu Songhe * Copying ----------------- This fast guide follows the Emacs fast guide with a long history, by stuart cracraft in order to The version written by the original Emacs begins. This version of the fast guide and GNU Emacs are copyright and allowed under certain conditions. Distribute its copy: CopyRight (C) 1985, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation Chinese translation by chao-hong liu (2002, 2003) Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim Copies of this Document As Received, in Any Medium, Provided That The Copyright Notice and Permission Notice Are Preserved, And That The Distributor Grants The Recipient Permission for Further Redistribution as permitted by this notice. This article allows you to publish in any form of media without changing the content of the document, but you need to keep the version The right, the license, the dispeaker must also give the recipient as allowable, One-step license. [This paragraph provides the reader as a reference to help understand, actually effective Text is accurate. 】 Permission is granted to distribute modified version of this Document, OR of Portions of It, Under The Above Conditions, Provided Also That Thei Carry Prominent Notices Stating WHO LAST Altered them. This article allows for a modified version, or part of it, But they must also have significant, indicating who is finally filling its statement. [COPYLEFT copyright In addition to providing users free, it also maintains the original author, and the author's reputation rights Credit. The translation of this paragraph provides the reader as a reference to help understand, and the actual effectiveness is in English. quasi. 】 Copying Emacs itself is more complicated, but has the same spirit. Please read COPYING Document, and really give your friends GNU Emacs copy. Please help eliminate software barriers (ownership) via "use, write, and sharing free software"!
