WHOIS function description: Find and display user information. Syntax: WHOIS [account name] Supplementary description: The Whois instruction will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account, because it is to get to the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, so the account name must be found on the above registration, and The name is different from case. -------------------------------------------------- ------- WHOAMI function Description: It seems that the user name. Syndrome: WHOAMI [--HELP] [- Version] Supplementary Description: Show your own user name, this instruction is equivalent to executing the ID -UN instruction. Parameters: - Help online help. --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- - WHO function description: Displays user information of current login system. Syntax: WHO [-HimQSW] [- Help] [- Version] [AM I] [Record File] Supplementary Description: Execute this instruction can be learned that there are currently those logged in systems, separately executing the WHO directive listing logins Account, the terminal, login time, and where to log in or which X display is being used. Parameters: -H or --Heading Displays the title information column of each column. -i or -u or -idle displays the idle time, if the user has any action within the previous minute, will be indicated ".", if the user has more than 24 hours, there is no action, then indicate " OLD "string. -M The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "AM I" string. -Q or --count only shows the login system account name and total number of people. -S This parameter will ignore the processes that are not processed, only responsible for resolving other versions of the WHO directive. -W or -t or --mesg or --Message or --Writable Displays the user's information status bar. --Help online help. --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- - W Function Description: Displays user information for the current login system. Solution: w [-fhlsuv] [User Name] Supplementary Description: Execute this instruction can know that users currently logged into the system have those people, and the programs they are performing. Alone the W command displays all users, you can also specify the user name, only the information about a user is displayed. The parameter: -f is turned on or off Displays where the user logs in the system. -H does not display the title information column of each field. -L uses a list of detailed formats, this is a preset value. -S uses a list of simple formats without displaying the CPU time consumed by the user login time, the terminal stage job and the program. -U ignores the name of the executing program and the information of the CPU time. -V Displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- --- Vlock (Virtual Console Lock) Function Description: Lock the virtual terminal. Syndrome: Vlock [-chv] Supplementary Description: Execute the Vlock instruction to lock the virtual terminal to avoid others.
The parameters: -A or - AlL locks all the terminal phases, if you use this parameter in the terminal of the full screen, the function of switching the terminal with the keyboard is turned off. -C or --current locks the current terminal phase job, this is a preset value. -H or --help online help. -V or --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ------ UserMod function Description: Modify the user account. Syntax: usermod [-lu] [- c ] [- D ] [- E ] [- f ] [- g ] [- g < Group>] [- l ] [- s] [- u] [user account] Supplementary description: Usermod can be used to modify the settings of the user account. Parameters: -C Modify the note text of the user account. -D Login Directory> Modify the directory of the user login. -E Modify the validity of the account. -F Modify how many days after password expires, turn off the account. -G Modify the group to which the user belongs. -G Modify the additional group to which the user belongs. -L Modify User Account Name. -L locks the user password to make the password are invalid. -S Modify the shell used after the user logins. -U Modify User ID. -U Unpacking password lock. -------------------------------------------------- ----- UserDel Function Description: Delete user account. Something: Userdel [-r] [User Account] Supplementary Description: Userdel deletes user account and related files. If you don't add parameters, only the user account is deleted without deleting the related files. Parameters: -f Deletes the user login directory and all files in the directory. -------------------------------------------------- -------- UserConf function Description: User Account Setup program. Syntax: UserConf [--addgroup ] [- AddUser ] [- DelGroup ] [- DELUSER ] [- Help] Supplementary Description: UserConf actually connects the LinuxConf symbolic connection, providing the operation mode of the graphics interface for administrators to establish and manage all kinds of accounts. If you do not add any parameters, you will enter the graphical interface. Number: - ADGROUP New Groups. --Adduser Add user account. --Delgroup Remove the group. --DELUSER Deletes the user account. --Help shows help. -------------------------------------------------- ---- Useradd function description: Create user account.
Syntax: UserAdd [-MMNR] [- C ] [- D ] [- E ] [- F ] [- G ] [- G < Group>] [- S] [- U] [User Account] or UseRadd -d [-b] [- E ] [- F ] [- G ] [- G ] [- S] Supplementary Description: UserAdd can be used to create user accounts. After the account is built, use the passwd to set the password of the account. And you can delete your account with Userdel. Use the account established by the UseRADD instruction, which is actually saved in the / etc / passwd text file. Parameters: -C Plus Note Text. Note text will be saved in the note field of the Passwd. -D Specifies the start directory when the user logins. -D change the preset value. -E Specifies the validity period of the account. -F Specifies how many days after the password expires, turn off the account. -G Specifies the group to which the user belongs. -G Specifies the additional group to which the user belongs. -M automatically creates a user's login directory. -M Do not automatically establish a user's login directory. -N Cancels the group that is named by a user name. -R Establish a system account. -S Specifies the shell used after the user logins. -U Specifies the user ID. -------------------------------------------------- - UNAME function Description: Displays system information. Syntax: uname [-amnrsv] [- Help] [- Version] Supplementary Description: Uname can display information about the computer and operating system. Parameters: -a or --all shows all information. -M or -machine displays a computer type. -N or -nodeename is displayed on the host name. -R or -release displays the issuance number of the operating system. -S or --sysname Displays the operating system name. -V Displays the version of the operating system. --Help shows help. --Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- --- TOP function description: Display, manage execution in execution. Syntax: TOP [BCIQSS] [D ] [N ] Supplementary Description: Execute the TOP instruction to display the program currently executed in the system, and use the interactive interface to use the hotkey Manage. Parameters: b Use the batch mode. C When the program is listed, the full instructions of each program are displayed, including information such as the command name, path, and parameters. D Sets the interval time of the TOP monitor execution status, and the unit is calculated in seconds. I When performing a TOP instruction, ignore the idle or have become Zombie. N Set the number of updates to monitor information. Q Continuous monitoring of the status of the program. S Use the confidentiality mode to eliminate the potential crisis in interactive mode. S Use the cumulative mode that effects similar to the "-s" parameter of the PS command. -------------------------------------------------- ---- TLOAD function Description: Displays the system load condition.
Skill: TLOAD [-V] [- D ] [- S ] [Terminal Number] Supplementary Description: The TLOAD instruction uses the ASCII character to simply display the system load status in text mode. Assume that the terminal number is not given, the load scenario is displayed in the terminal that executes the TLOAD instruction. Parameters: -D Sets the interval time of the TLOAD detection system load, and the unit is calculated in seconds. -S Set the vertical scale size of the chart, and the unit is calculated in column. -V Displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ---- Swatch (Simple Watcher) Function Description: System Monitor. Syntax: SWATCH [-A ] [- C ] [- F ] [- i ] [- P ] [- R
When the user uses sudo, you must first enter your password, then there is a 5-minute payment period, and the password must be re-entered. Parameters: -b Execute instructions in the background. -H display help. -H Set the Home environment variable to the HOME environment variable of the new identity. -K End Password's validity period, that is, the password is required when SUDO will be executed next time. -L lists the current user executable instructions that cannot be performed. -P change the prompt symbol of the password. -S Execute the specified shell. -U as a new identity at the specified user. If this parameter is not added, it is preset as a new identity as root. -V Extended password valid period for 5 minutes. -V Displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ------ SU (Super User) Function Description: Change the user identity. Syndrome: Su [-flmp] [- Help] [- Version] [-] [- C ] [- S] [User Account] Supplementary Description: The SU allows users to temporarily change the log in. You must enter the user account and password you want to change when you change. Parameters: -C or --command = After performing the specified instruction, restore the original identity. -F or -fast is suitable for CSH and TSCH, so that the shell doesn't have to read the startup file. -.- L or --Login changes the identity, also change the work directory, and Home, Shell, User, Logname. In addition, the PATH variable will also be changed. -M, -P or -Preserve-Environment When the identity is changed, do not change the environment variable. -S or - Shell = Specifies the shell to be executed. --Help shows help. --Version displays version information. [User Account] Specifies the user to change. If this parameter is not specified, the preset is changed to root. -------------------------------------------------- ---- SlipLogin function Description: Add the SLIP interface to standard input. Syndrome: Sliplogin [User Name] Supplementary Description: SlipLogin can add SLIP interface to standard input, turn the connection of the general terminal into SLIP connection. It is usually available to establish a SLIP server, allowing remote computers to connect to the server in SLIP. Sliplogin is logged to check if there is the same user name in the /etc/slip/slip.hosts file. After checking, SlipLogin calls execution shell script to set an network interface environment such as an IP address, subnet mask. This shell script is usually /etc/slip/slip.login. -------------------------------------------------- - SHUTDOWN function description: System shutdown instructions. Syntax: Shutdown [-effhknr] [- T S number] [Time] [Warning Information] Supplementary Description: The shutdown instruction can turn off all programs and perform the actions of rebooting or shutdown according to the needs of the user. Parameters: -c When executing the "Shutdown -h 11:50" instruction, you can interrupt the instruction of the shutdown as long as pressing the button. -F is restarted without performing FSCK. The -f is restarted to execute FSCK. -H Put the system. -K just sent information to all users, but not actually shuts down.
-n does not call the init program to shut down, but by Shutdown itself. -R shutdown is restarted. -T How many seconds are to be delayed between the warning information and the delete information. [Time] After setting up for a long time, execute the shutdown command. [Warning Information] To transmit it to all login users. -------------------------------------------------- --------- Screen Function Description: Multi-Tour Down-Down Manager. Syntax: Screen [-amrvx -ls -wipe] [- D ] [- H ] [- R ] [- S] [- S ] Supplementary Description: Screen is a multi-paid window management program. The so-called window here refers to a full-screen text mode screen. It is usually possible to use the Screen program only if you log in to the host or using an old-fashioned terminal. Parameters: -A Adjusts all the windows to the current terminal size. -D Offline the specified Screen job. -H Specifies the number of buffers of the window. -M Even the Screen jobs that have been currently in the job, it is still forced to establish a new Screen job. -R Restore offline SCREEN jobs. -R First try to restore offline homework. If you can't find offline homework, create a new Screen job. -S Specifies the shell to be executed when establishing a new window. -S Specifies the name of the Screen job. -V Displays version information. -X Recovery The Screen Job Offline Before. -Ls or --List shows all of the current Screen jobs. -Wipe checks all Screen jobs and deletes the Screen job that has been unused. -------------------------------------------------- - RWHO function description: View system users. Syndrome: rwho [-a] Supplementary Description: The effect of the RWHO directive is similar to the WHO directive, but it displays users in the local domain network. The host must provide the function of the RWHOD resident service, and the RWHO directive can be used. Parameters: -A Lists all users, including users with idle time more than 1 hour. -------------------------------------------------- - RSH (Remote Shell) Function Description: The remote login shell. Something: RSH [-DN] [- l ] [Host Name or IP Address] [Execute Instruction] Supplementary Description: RSH provides a user environment, which is the shell, so that the instruction can be executed on the specified remote host. Parameters: -d uses the Socket level of the tired function. -L Specifies the user name to log in to the remote host. -N Put the input instruction number to a special periphery of the code / dev / null. -------------------------------------------------- ------- Rlogin (Remote login) Function Description: Remote login. Syndrome: Rlogin [-8EL] [- E ] [- L ] [Host Name or IP Address] Supplementary Description: Execute the Rlogin instruction to turn on the terminal operation and log in to the remote host. Parameters: -8 Allows input 8-bit character data.
-e Drafted Character> Setting the detachment character. -E filter is detached from the character. -L User Name> Specifies the user name to be logged to the remote host. -L uses the Litout mode to perform remote login phase operations. -------------------------------------------------- ----- RENICE function description: Adjust priority. Syntax: RENICE [Priority Level] [- G ...] [- P ...] [- U ...] Supplementary Description: The renic directive can be re- Adjust the priority level of the program. The preset is to adjust its priority with the program identification code specified, you can also specify the program group or user name to adjust the priority level, and modify all priorities that belong to the program group or user. Level range from -20--19, only system managers can change the priority of other user programs, and only system managers can set negative rating. Parameters: -g Using the program group name, modify all priorities that belong to the program group. -P Change the priority level of the program, this parameter is a preset value. -U Specify user name to modify all priorities that belong to the user. -------------------------------------------------- ----- Reboot function description: Replay. Syndrome: DREBOOT [-DFINW] Supplementary Description: Execute the reboot instruction allows the system to stop working and reboot. Parameters: -D Do not write data to record files / VAR / TMP / WTMP when you replay. This parameter has the effect of "-n" parameters. -F is forced to reboot, do not call the function of the shutdown instruction. -I Before restarting, turn off all network interfaces. -N re-opening procedure before you have not ended. -W Only test, don't really turn your system, will only write the data of the data of the / var / log directory to the WTMP record file. -------------------------------------------------- --- PStree (Process Status Tree) Function Description: Displays the program with a tree graph. Method: PStree [-acghlnpuuu] [- h ] [ / ] Supplementary Description: The PStree instruction displays the tree structure with the ASCII character, clearly expressing the interregional relationship between the program. If the program identification code or user name is not specified, the first program when the system is started is considered a base layer, and all the programs after it is displayed. If the user name is specified, it will be used as a base layer with the first program belonging to the user, and then all programs of the user are displayed. Parameters: -a Displays the full instructions of each program, including paths, parameters, or indications for the resident service. -C does not use a streamlined sign. -G uses the VT100 terminal of the column character. -H lists the tree graphs, specifically indicates the currently executed. -H The effect of this parameter is similar to the specified "-h" parameter, but specifies the specified program. -L uses a long-line format to display a tree map. The -n is sorted by program identification code. The preset is sorted by the program name. -P display program identification code. -U Displays the user name. -U Using the UTF-8 list drawing characters. -V Displays version information.
-------------------------------------------------- ------- PS (Process Status) Function Description: Reporting Procedure Status. Syntax: PS [-AACDefhjlmnvwy] [ACEFGHLNRSSTUVXX] [- c ] [- g ] [- g ] [- P ] [P ] [- S ] [- t ] [T ] [- U ] [- U ] [U < User Name>] [- ] [- COLS ] [- Columns ] [- cumulative] [- deESELECT] [- Forest] [ --Headers] [- Help] [- info] [- line ] [- no-headers] [- group ] [- group ] [- PID ] [- ROWS ] [- SID ] [- TTY ] [- User ] [ --User ] [- version] [- width ] Supplementary description: PS is an instruction used to report the execution status, you can display the KILL instruction at any time, delete unnecessary program of. The parameter: -a Displays the program executed under all terminals, except for phase work leaders. A shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. -A Displays all programs. -C Displays the CLS and PRI fields. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without the indication of the path, parameters, or resident services. -C Specifies the name of the execution instruction and lists the status of the program. -D Displays all programs, but does not include the program of the phased handler. -E The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "A" parameter. E Lists the program, display the environment variables used by each program. -F Displays the UID, PPIP, C and the STIME field. F Displays the tree structure and the interregional relationship between the program is displayed with the ASCII character. -G The effect of this parameter is the same as the "-g" parameter, and the name of the phased leader can be used to specify. G Displays all programs under the current terminal, including the group leader. -G Lists the status of the program belonging to the group, or you can use the group name to specify. H does not display the title column. -H shows the tree structure, indicating the interrelationship between the program. -J or J uses the format of work control to display program conditions. -L or L uses a detailed format to display program conditions. L List the relevant information of the field. -M or m Displays all execution. N Use a number to represent the USER and WCHAN fields. -N Displays all programs, except for programs under the PS command terminal. -P Specifies the program identification code and lists the status of the program. P The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-p" parameter, only slightly different in the list format. R lists only programs in executing the current terminal terminals. -S Specify the program identification code for the phase job, and list the status of the program belonging to the phase job.
s The program status is displayed using the program signal. S Lists the program, including the interrupted subroutine data. -T Specifies the terminal number and lists the status of the program belonging to the terminal. T The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-t" parameter, which is slightly different in the list format. -T Displays all programs under the current terminal. -U The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-u" parameter. U Display program conditions in the user-oriented format. -U Lists the status of the program belonging to the user, or the user name can also be specified. U Lists the status of the program belonging to the user. V Use virtual memory format display program status. -V or V display version information. -W or W uses a wide format to display program conditions. X Shows all programs, not distinguishing between terminals. X Display program status using old Linux i386 login format. -Y When using the parameter "-L", the F (FLAG) field is not displayed, and the AddR field is replaced with the RSS field. - The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "P" parameter. --COLS Sets the maximum number of characters per column. --COLUMNS The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "--cols" parameter. --Cumulative The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "S" parameter. - DESELECT The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-n" parameter. - The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "F" parameter. --Headers Repeat the title column. --Help online help. --Info displays the tired information. --Lines Set the number of columns in the display screen. --No-headers The effect of this parameter is the same as the "H" parameter, only slightly different in the list format. --Group The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-g" parameter. --Group The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-g" parameter. --PID The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-p" parameter. --Rows The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "--Lines" parameter. --SID The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-s" parameter. - TTTY The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-t" parameter. --User The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-u" parameter. --User The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-u" parameter. --Version The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-V" parameter. --Widty The effect of this parameter is the same as the specified "-cols" parameter. -------------------------------------------------- --------- Procinfo (Process Information) Function Description: Displays the system status. Syndo: procinfo [-abddfhimssv] [- f
-b Displays the number of blocks of disk devices, rather than access. -D Display System Information The difference between per second, not the sum of the sum. This parameter must be used with the "-f" parameter using the -D this parameter effect and the specified "-d" parameter, but the information of the memory and exchange file is the sum value. -F enters the interactive operation interface of the full screen. -F
-v or --Version displays the instruction execution process. -USAGE Display Instruction Basic Uses. -------------------------------------------------- ------ Logout function description: Exit the system. Syndrome: logout supplementary description: logout instruction allows the user to exit the system, its function and the login directive corresponds to each other. -------------------------------------------------- - logname function Description: Displays the user name. Skill: logname [--help] [- version] Supplement: Execute the logname instruction, which will display the name of the current user. Parameters: - Help online help. --Vesion displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ------ Login function description: Login system. Method: Login Supplementary Description: Login Directive allows the user to log in to the system, you can also replace the login at any time via its feature. In the SlackWare release, you can attach the user name to which you want to log in later, which will ask the password directly and wait for the user to enter. When the / etc directory contains files with NOLOGIN, the system only logs in the system, and other users are not allowed to log in. -------------------------------------------------- ----- Lastb function description: List the user-related information that the login system failed. Syntax: Lastb [-adrx] [- f ] [- n ] [account name ...] [Terminal number ...] Supplement: Alone execute the Lastb directive, it will read Take a file named BTMP in / var / log directory, and the login failed user list recorded by the file content is displayed. Parameters: -A Displays the host name or IP address from which to the system is displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F Specifies the log file. -N or - Set the number of display columns lists. -R does not display the host name or IP address of the login system. -X Display system shutdown, reboot, and change in the execution level. -------------------------------------------------- ----- Last Function Description: List the information about users currently logging in to the system in the past. Syntax: Last [-adrx] [- f ] [- n ] [account name ...] [Terminal number ...] Supplement: Alone execute the LAST instruction, it will read Taken the file named wtmp in the / var / log directory, and all the user lists of the login system of the content recorded by the file are displayed. Parameters: -A Log in to the host name or IP address from the system, displayed in the last line. -D converts IP addresses to host names. -F Specifies the log file. -N or - Set the number of display columns lists. -R does not display the host name or IP address of the login system. -X Display system shutdown, reboot, and change in the execution level.
-------------------------------------------------- ------- Kill Function Description: Delete programs or work in execution. Solution: Kill [-s ] [program] or kill [-l ] Supplementary Description: Kill can send the specified information to the program. The preset information is Sigterm (15) to terminate the specified program. If the program is still unable to terminate, you can use Sigkill (9) information to try to force the program. The number of programs or work can be viewed by PS instructions or JOBS instructions. Parameters: -l If you do not add option, the -l parameter lists all of the information names. -S Specifies the information you want to send. [Program] [Program] can be the PID of the program or PGID, or the work number. -------------------------------------------------- --------- ID function Description: Displays the user's ID, and the ID of the group. Solution: ID [-ggnru] [- Help] [- version] [User Name] Supplementary Description: The ID will display the actual and valid ID of the user and the group. If the two IDs are the same, only the actual ID is displayed. If only the user name is specified, the ID of the current user is displayed. Parameters: -g or --Group Displays the ID of the user belonging to the group. -G or --Groups Displays the ID of the user's attached group. -N or --Name Displays the name of the user, the group, or attached group. -R or -real displays the actual ID. -U or --user displays the user ID. -Help shows help. -Version displays version information. -------------------------------------------------- ---------- HALT function description: Turn off the system. Syntax: Halt [-dfinpw] Supplementary Description: HALT will first detect the system's RunLvel. If RunLVEL is 0 or 6, turn off the system, otherwise call ShutDown to turn off the system. Parameters: -D Do not record in WTMP. -F No matter what the current Runlevel is not called Shutdown, it is mandatory shutdown system. -I Before Halt, close all network interfaces. - N Halt Don't perform SYNC first. After -P Halt, execute Poweroff. -W only records in WTMP, not actually ending the system. -------------------------------------------------- -------- GroupMOD (Group Modify) Function Description: Change the group identification code or name. Syntax: GroupMod [-g <-o>] [- n ] [Group Name] Supplement: When you change the group's identification code or name, you can use the GroupMod instruction. Complete this work. Parameters: -g Set the group identification code to use. -O Reusually uses group identification code. -N Set the group name you want to use. -------------------------------------------------- ------ GroupDel (Group DELETE) Function Description: Delete the group.
Syndrome: GroupDel [Group Name] Supplementary Description: When you need to delete the group from the system, you can use the GroupDel directive to complete this work. If some users are included in the group, they must first remove the groups before removing. -------------------------------------------------- -------- GTPS (GNU Interactive Tools Process Status) Function Description: Reporting Program Status. Syntax: gitps [ACEFGJLNRSSTUVWXX] [P ] [T ] [U ] Supplementary description: gitps is used to report and manage the execution of the program, basically it is passed by PS The command is reported, the management program can also be interrupted at any time through the gitps directive, deleting unnecessary programs. Because the gitps instruction will perform the PS instruction, the parameters and PS instructions are quite similar. Parameters: a shows all programs under the current terminal, including programs for other users. C When the program is listed, the true command name of each program is displayed without including the path, parameters, or the resident service. E Lists the program, display the environment variables used by each program. F Displays the tree structure and the interregional relationship between the program is displayed with the ASCII character. G Displays all programs under the current terminal, including the group leader. J uses the format of work control to display the program status. L Displays the program status in a slender format. N Use a number to represent the USER and WCHAN fields. P Specifies the program identification code and lists the status of the program. R lists only programs in executing the current terminal terminals. S The program status is displayed using the program signal. S When the program is listed, including the subroutine information that has been interrupted. T Specifies the terminal number and lists the status of the program belonging to the terminal. T Displays all programs under the current terminal. U Display program conditions in the user-oriented format. U Lists the status of the program belonging to the user. V Use virtual memory format display program status. W Use a wide format to display program conditions. X Shows all programs, not distinguishing between terminals. X Use the old trial Linux i386 login format display program status. -------------------------------------------------- -------- FWhois function description: Find and display user information. Skill: FWHIOS [account name] Supplementary description: The function of this directive is a bit similar to the finger directive, which will look up and display the user-related information of the specified account. The difference is that the FWhois directive is to find the WHOIS database of Network Solutions, which must be registered above to find it, and the name is different. -------------------------------------------------- ---- Free Function Description: Displays the memory status. Syntax: Free [-BKMOTV] [- S
