What is a file name suffix?
The file name under the Windows work interface is simply desirable, such as: a 2000 work plan for a editorial department. The file name can be directly expressed in Chinese, and the length can reach 256 characters, which makes people look at it. However, in the Windows environment, there is a large number of file names similar to Calendar.exe, Games.grp, etc. in the installed software. Why is this? It turns out that these file names are based on the DOS environment filename naming rules.
File name in the DOS environment
Under DOS, the file name is 8 3 structure, namely: up to 8 bits of file names, followed by decimal point, follow up to 3 bits of suffix names, such as read.me, setup.exe, in general file name Chinese characters are not allowed, can only be composed of letters, numbers and some symbols. Such as read.me is "reading me", that is, it is prompted that the user will take a look at the content of this file before using the software to get more prompt information. More importantly, DOS specifies the use of the suffix name to distinguish a variety of different files.
The most primely encountered under DOS is the executable file, the suffix name has two categories: *. EXE, *. COM (* here * representing file names), which are compiled or other in other senior languages The program running directly under DOS after compiling. Sometimes due to many software functions, memory is small, can not be able to transfer memory in the same time, there may be OVL files with the file name, such as WS.exe, WS.OVL. There is also a file that can be run directly, *. Bat, 即 batch file, where there are many commands or executable file names, mainly to improve productivity, the most useful use of autoeexec.bat, this file is booting Automated (AutomaticLexecute) is performed automatically in English. Another file that can be loaded but not directly run is a system extension management file * .sys (SYS, system system system), which provides some non-standard devices such as mice, expand memory, etc. Drivers, such as mouse.sys Himem.sys. In order to unify management, a text file for config.sys is also specified to automatically transfer these required device drivers at a time. Once these files are accidentally deleted or changed or subject to the virus, they will directly lead to system work. unusual.
The files generated by the DOS underwriting may not need suffix, but people often use * .txt representation (TXT, text text). Supported by all platforms and all applications. In order to manage convenience, people can also use their own name to make a suffix is a text file built. For many articles I entered, it is * .mcj, in order to facilitate the user to accidentally delete the original file, can recover as soon as possible Original file, many word processing systems provide an automatic backup function, such as my second editing jihua.mcj (Jihua: Middle Pinyin), the system will copy a original file to jihua.bak. Using a word processing software with special formatting function, such as the WPS that Ask Mr. Bo Jun's early launched WPS, it will specify its suffix to .WPS, to identify text files generated with WPS. When using the word processing software to edit the advanced language program, the suffix is usually the top three letters (eg *. BAS, Basic language), *. PAS is the Pascal language program, *. For the Fortran language program, *. .C is C language, *. ASM is assembled language program).
With the following types of files with the executable: *. HLP, help file (HLP), *. CFG, configuration file (config), *. Dat, data file (data), *. Log, log file ( LOG), *. TMP is temporal file (Temport). File name in the Windows environment
Vost of the DOS file name suffix continues to be valid under Windows, but Windows itself also leads to many new suffixes, such as: *. DRV is the device driver (DRIVER), *. Fon, and * .fot are all flew files , *. GRP is the file format required for the initialization information file (INITIATION), *. PIF is executed in the DOS environment, *. CRD, i.e., the card file. (CARD), *. REC ie recorder macro (RECORD), *. WRI, text file (WRITE), is a word processing written.exe generated file, *. Doc and * .rtf are also text files (Document) They are the file generated by Word, *. CAL is the calendar file, *. CLP is the file format in the clipboard, *. Htm and * .html, homepage file, *. Par is the exchange file, *. PWL is a password file. (Password), etc.
Image file name suffix
After entering the multimedia world, everyone will see a variety of wonderful pictures and will find many suffixes. Indeed, since each company has a self-made standard when developing graphics related software, it has caused too many formats in graphics today. The following is a common format:
The first is a bitmap file format, which is an image of a set of points (pixels), which is created by the image program or when the image is scanned. There is mainly Windows bitmap (.bmp): Developed by Microsoft, it is supported by Windows and WindowsNT platforms and many applications. Support 32-bit colors, used to create an icon resource file format, cursor (.cur, .dll, .exe): Resource file format for the Windows interface, the cursor for creating a Windows interface. OS / 2 bitmap (.bmp): Microsoft and IBM development bitmap file format. It supports various operating systems and applications. Supports compression, the maximum image pixel is 64000 × 64000. Brush (.pcx): Posted by Zsoft, it also compressed image data and can be generated by PCX. Brush for Windows. Supports 24-bit colors, maximum image pixels are 64000 × 64000. Support compression. Graphics exchange format:
GraphicsInterchageFormat (.gif): Created by CompuServe, which can support drawings in any size, save storage space, can save a plurality of pictures in a file. Supports 256 colors, the maximum image pixel is 64000 × 64000.
KodakPhotocd (.pcd): Bitmap file format developed by EastMankodak, is supported by all platforms, PCD supports 24-bit color, the largest image pixel is 2048 × 3072 for saving photos on the CD-ROM.
Adobe Photoshop (.psd): ADOBEPHOTOSHOP bitmap file format, is supported by the Macintosh and Mswindows platforms, the largest image pixel is 30000 × 30000, support compression, is widely used in business art.
Macintosh Painting (.mac): The bitmap file format developed by Apple. Supported by the Macintosh platform, only support monochrome original, maximum image pixel is 576 × 720. Support compression, mainly for saving black and white graphics and scrapbooks in the Macintosh graphics application. BMP: Standard bitmap format under the Windows system, is very common. Its structure is simple, and the general image file will be relatively large without compression. Its biggest advantage is that most software "accept" can be called universal format.
JPEG: It is also one of the most widely used picture formats. It uses a special lossless compression algorithm, which will not be easily removed by the image color of the human eye, thereby reaching a larger compression ratio (can reach 2: 1 or even 40: 1), so "there is a small body, good appearance", especially favored by the network.
GIF: Divided into static GIF and animation GIF, support transparent background images, suitable for multiple operating systems, "body type" is small, many small animations on the Internet are GIF format. In fact, GIF is saved as an image file to form an animation, so the rooted GIF is still a picture file format.
PSD: Image Processing Software "Big Brother" Photoshop's dedicated image format, image file is generally large.
PCX: Zsoft has developed a format developed when developing image processing software Paintbrush, and stores from 1 to 24 bits. It is a compressed format that takes up less disk space and has the advantages of compression and full color.
PNG: Similar to the JPG format, there are many pictures in the web page to this format, compressed ratio than gif, support image transparency, can utilize the transparency of the image of the ALPHA channel.
DXF: 3D Model Design Software AutoCAD's special format, small file, drawing graphics, angle data is accurate, is the first choice for architectural design.
CDR: The famous graphic design software - the special format of Coreldraw, which belongs to the vector image, the biggest advantage "body weight" is very light, easy to deal with.
Animation file suffix name
The animated file format is used to save graphical information in the animation frame. Main there are: Autodeskflic (.flc): Animated file format of .fli, Autodeskanimator and AnimatorPro. Supports 256 colors, the maximum image pixel is 64000 × 64000, support compression. Widely used in animation sequences, computer-aided design and computer game applications in animated graphics. Not big suitable for real-world image animation.
Macpicts (.pcs, .pic): Macromedia developed animation file format for Macintosh applications. Support 256 colors, support compression, used to save animation data, is the predecessor of QuickTime.
Microsoft resource interchange file format, TIFF (.avd): Microsoft Developed Animated File Format, is Windows, WINDOWS
NT platforms and OS / 2 multimedia applications support 256 colors and compressed, which are used to save audio, video, and graphics information in multimedia applications.
MPEG (. MPEG): Animation document format for the International Technical Image Expert Group developed. All platforms and xingtechnologies
MPEG player and other applications support compression, the maximum image pixel is 4095 × 4094 × 30 frames per second. Used to encode audio, video, text, and graphics data.
QuickTime (.qtm): APPLE computer company developed animation file format. Supported by the AppleMacintosh and MicrosoftWindows platforms, support 25-bit colors, maximum image pixels are 64000 × 64000, support compression, to save audio and sports video information.
Sound file suffix name
The sound file format is used to save digital audio information. They mainly have:
AIFF (.AIF): This is the sound file format developed by Apple Computer, supported by the Macintosh platform and application. Support compression.
Amiga Sound (.svx): The sound file format developed by Commodore is supported by the Amiga platform and the application, which is not supported.
Mac Sound (.snd): APPLEMS development sound file format, supports some compression by the Macintosh platform and a variety of Macintosh applications.
MIDI (.mid): The sound file format of the International MIDI Association has been supported by the Windows platform and many applications for instruments to create digital sounds.
Sound (.voc): CreativeLabs developed sound file format, supported by Windows and DOS platforms, support compression.
Wave (.wav): Microsoft uses the resource format that saves audio information on the Windows platform.
Suffix name of the compressed file
In order to improve storage efficiency, many companies have introduced methods of compressed data and corresponding software. The use of such files is mainly made by press packets and unpacking software, and the main suffixes are: *. Zip, *. Arj, *. Rar , *. Lzh, *. Jar. There are also some dedicated compressed files, such as: *. Ex _, *. DL _, *. D3_, *. CAB, etc.
Database class file suffix
There are several of the following suffixes in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, and FoxPro Series:
.dbf database file (DatabaseFile) .prg command file (ie programprogram)
.fxp compiled program. SCX and .sct screen file
.fpt note field file .frx and .frt report file
.cbx and .pjt tag files. Mnx and .mnt menu files
.pjx and .pjt engineering file .app application file
.cdx and .idx index file .QPR and .qpxsql query file
.fp configuration file .AP generation application
.ERR compiled error file .men memory application
.fky key macro file .win window file
.pcb library file .TMP temporary file
.tbk temporary database file
Safely delete file type
Temporary documents: *. TMP, *. SYD, *. $$$, *. @@@, * ._ mp, *. Gid, *. ~ *, *. Gts
Backup file: *. Bak, *. Old, *. Wbk, * .xlk, *. CKR_
Help file: *. Hlp, *. CHM, *. CNT
postscript
Users should be noted that under different operating systems, the surfaction name will be different, as under UNIX, *. P represents the Pascal language program, *. Z represents the compressed file, * .TAR represents the archive file. In addition, for very special devices, the driver also has a special suffix, such as the driver of the 3DS display card is * .exp. There are also some companies that also specify the file name suffix, such as the image version of the Founder, using * .grh (ie, graph).
The suffix of the file name represents a certain type of file, which is generally generated and processed by a particular software. Only a certain understanding of the knowledge of these suffixes can be known in the process of being in the process. Here, I have seen some of the common suffix types, and there are many types, which can't be finished. As a saying, the master will lead the door, practice in the individual, and everyone will turn it on the computer world. Common file suffix name
ACA Microsoft agent useful role documentation
ACF system management configuration
ACM audio compression management drivers provide encoding and decoding functions for Windows systems to provide various sound formats
AIF sound file, support compression, you can play with WindowsMediaPlayer and QuickTimePlayer
AIF audio file, playback using WindowsMediaPlayer
AIFC audio file, playing with WindowsMediaPlayer
AIFF audio file, playing with WindowsMediaPlayer
Ani animation cursor file extension, such as an animated hourglass.
ANS ASCII Character Graphics Animation
ARC an earlier compressed file, you can open software such as Winzip, WinRar, PKARC.
ARJ compressed files. You can open software such as Winzip, WinRar, Pkarc.
ASF Microsoft's media player supports video streams, you can play with WindowsMediaPlayer
ASP Microsoft's video stream file, you can open WindowsMediaPlayer
ASP Microsoft proposed ActiveServerPage, is a server-side script, often used in large sites development, support database connections, similar to PHP. You can use VisualInterDev, is currently hot
Shortcuts for Asx WindowsMedia media files
AU is a sound file format that is used in the Internet, which is created by the Sun workstation, which can be played using the software Waveform HoldmanDiffiFy. LiveAudio in NetScapenavigator can also play .au files
AVI A Windows multimedia file format using Microsoft Specifications, is used to store photos and movies
BAK backup file, generally automatically or through the auxiliary file, which contains the most recent version of a file, and has the same file name as the file.
BAS Basic language source program file, can be compiled into an executable, currently using the Basic development system is VisualBasic
BAT batch file, in MS-DOS, .bat file is an executable, a series of commands, which can contain calls to other programs
BBS electronic notes board system article information file
BFC Windows briefcase file
BIN binary file, its use is based on system or application
BMP bitmap bitmap file, this is Microsoft's development of Paint's own format, which can be supported by a variety of Windows and WindowsNT platforms, support 32-bit colors for 32-bit colors for the Windows interface's resource file format.
C C C language source program file, compiling under C language compilation
CAB Microsoft Developed Compressed Pack formats, often used for software installations, using Windows self-contained utilities, Extract.exe can unpack, Winzip, WinRar, etc. Support this format
Calendar file in CAL Windows
CDF InternetExplorer's channel file
A graphics file format in the CDR Coreldraw, which is a graphic image file format that can be used in all CoreLDRAW applications.
CDX index file, existing in DBASE, FOXBASE, FOXPRO system software environment
CFC profiles, systems, or application software for configuring their own features, feature
CHM compiled HTML files, often used to make help files and electronic documents
CLP file format in the clipboard in Windows
CMD is used for Batch files for WindowsNT / 2000, in fact, with the BAT file function, just to distinguish between BAT under DOS / Windows 9X
CMF sound card standard music file, FM synthesizer, etc. can play back
CNF NetMeetting Conference Connection Document
CNT online help file directory index file, usually saved with the same name. HLP file
COL is created by autodeskanimator, autodeskanimatorpor, etc., which stores RGB values for various projects in palettes.
COM DOS executs a command file, generally less than 64KB
CPL control panel extension file, Windows operating system use
CPP C language source program, very powerful language, has corresponding development systems in various platforms
Card file in CRD Windows
CRT certification document for security
Curfoot resource file format under CUR Windows, available cursor editing software editing
CSS text / CSS file
DAT data file, use in the application
Image sound files in the DAT VCD, VCD play software can be called, or play via VCD machine
Database file generated by DBF database files, FoxBase, DBase, VisualFoxPro, and other database processing systems
DCX fax browsing document file
DDI image file, DUP, HD, IMG and other tools can be expanded
DEV device driver
DIB device has no bitmap file, which is a file format, which is to ensure that bitmap graphics created with an application can be loaded or displayed by other applications.
DIR directory file
DLL Windows dynamically connected library, almost everywhere, but sometimes due to different versions of DLL conflicts will cause a variety of questions
DOC is currently current market share software Microsoft Office Word Documentation Created Documentation in MicrosoftOffice
Some system files for MS-DOS reserved for DOS Windows
Dot Microsoft Word document template file, you can simplify the creation of some common format documents via template, and you can embed VBA programs to implement certain automation functions.
DRV device driver file, in various systems
Drawing files for DWG AutoCAD are also formats supported by many drawing software, which is often used in shared data.
DXB AutoCAD created one middle graphic file format
DXF graphics exchange format, a file format for computer-assisted design, initially developed with AutoCAD to facilitate the delivery of graphics files between applications, which stores graphics in ASCII mode, which is very accurate in the size of the graphics
DER CERTICATE file
DIC TXT file
EMF is developed by Microsoft's Windows32 bit expansion element file format, its overall design goal is to make up in MicrosoftWindows3.1 (Win16) * .wmf file format, makes the primitive file easier to use
EPS uses a graphic file format described in the PostScript language, saved with text files, and prints high quality graphic images on the PostScript graphics printer, and can represent 32-bit graphic images.
Err compiled error files, existing in DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software environment
EXE executables, although the rear colony is the same, but display card drivers used in different formats and version exp 3ds
EXC TXT file
FLC Autodeskanimator and AnimatorPro animation files, support 256 colors, the largest image, 64000 * 64000, support compression, an animation sequence in animated graphics, computer-aided design and computer game application
FND Save Search Results
FON dot matrix
For Fortran language program
FOT pointing to the font shortcut
FP configuration file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
FPT Remarks field file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FoxBase, FoxPro series software
FRT report file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
FRX report file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
FXP compiled program, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
GIF can be processed on various graphics processing software of various platforms, and compressed graphics file formats
GRH Founder's image typographic file
Group window file generated by the program manager under GRP Windows
Goc gocserve
Gra msgraph.chart.5
H C language source program header file
HLP Windows Application Help File
HQX Macintosh uses binhex to encode the binary file into 7-bit text files, most Macintosh files appear in. HQX (.), in Macintosh, you can use StuffITexPander to Decode, in Windows, available in Windows Binhex13 decoding
HT Super Terminal
HTM holds a text file for hypertext description language, used to describe a wide variety of web pages, open using various browsers
HTML with .htm file
ICM image color matching document
ICO Windows icon files, you can include multiple formats of the same icon, create with icon editing software
IDF MIDI instrument definition
IDX index file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
IFF file exchange format file, this file format is used in the Amiga platform, which can almost store various types of data on this platform, on other platforms, IFF file formats are used to store images and sound files.
Image Macintosh disk image file, common in the FTP network of Ping Fruit, in Macintosh by ShrinkWrapWRAP
IME Windows input method files
IMG disk mapping file, can be restored to a disk after using tools such as HD-COPY, WINIMAGE.
INC assembly language contains files, similar to .h files in C / C
Software installation information under INF Windows, WINDOWS standard installer installed software, drivers, etc. according to installation information within this file
Ini Windows Initialization Information Files, there are not many, the new application will set the saved in the system's registry
JAR a compressed file, ARJ's new version, but not popular, you can use Winjar, WinRAR, etc.
JPEG a picture compressed file, same .jpg
JPG static image expert group formulated static image compression standard, with high compression ratio, very extensive, can use image processing software such as Photoshop to create software creation
LNK shortcut, this file points to another file, the program folder at the Start menu is a LNK file
Log log files, usually used to record some events
LZH an old compressed file, you can use WinRAR to open a medium grayscale graphic file format used in Mac Macintosh, use in MacintoshpainTbrush, which can only be 720 * 567
MAG graphics file format
MDB Microsoft Access Database Format is a very popular desktop database
MEN memory application file, existing in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro series software
MID audio compressed file, once very popular, but it is very few in the current software.
MIF MIDI instrument
MOV uses the APPLE'SQUICKTIME format movie file, played by SPARKLE, FASTPLAYER, MOVIEPLAYER, etc. in Macintosh, played by QuickTime in Windows.
Movie QuickTime or Apple's film format, played by SPARKLE, FASTPLAYER, MOVIEPLAYER, etc. in Macintosh, can be played by QuickTime in Windows
MP3 uses MPEG-1LAYOUT3 standard compressed audio files, which is the main compressed audio files online. This file is the main file format of the current music piracy due to the low compression ratio and distortion, but is currently affected by VQF, WMA New standard challenges
MPG uses MPEG-1 standard compressed video files, very similar to the format used by VCD, providing CD quality audio signals and 320 * 240 video resolution, current media play software can play, Microsoft WMV8 and MPEG-4 Compressed AVI file is its powerful competitor
A graphics file format used in MPT Macintosh
MSG Microsoft Mail Document
Obj object code
Ovl Due to many software functions, the memory is small, the executable that cannot be transferred in one time may have an OVL file with the file name.
PCD bitmap file, developed by EastMankodak, supported by all platforms, PCD support 24-bit color, the largest image image rope is 2048 * 3072 for saving images on CD-ROM
PCS animation file, is the animated file format developed by Macromedia, uses the Macintosh application, supports compression, support 256 colors, used to save animation data, is the predecessor of QuickTime
PCX image file, PCX format is a format for Zsoft's development of image processing software Paintbrush is a compressed format, less disk space.
PDF graphic multimedia file, Adobe defined electronic print file format, it is a fact that many electronic prints on the Internet online are .pdf format
PSD is a standard graphical file format used in Photoshop, and can save each fine portion of the image data, including layers, additional mask channels, and other content.
Password file under PWL Windows
Qt Machintosh's QuickTime film format, played by SPARKLE, FASTPLAYER, MOVIEPLAYER, etc. in Macintosh, played by QuickTime in Windows
QTM animation file, this file format is developed by Apple Computer Company, supported by AppleMacintosh and MicrosoftWindows platforms, support 25-bit color, maximum image resolution is 64000 * 64000, support compression, to save audio and sports video information
Rec Windows recorder macro
REG Windows 95/98 system and application registration file, although this file is saved with a plain text file, but the version problem is existed, the REG file version used by different operating systems is a different RLE a compressed bitmap file format. The RLE compression scheme is an extremely mature compression scheme, which is characterized by no loss compression, which saves the disk space and does not lose any image data, but when this compressed file is opened, it takes more time, in addition, some compatibility Not very good app may not be able to open
The video compressed files supported by RealPlayer under RM Windows, online very popular streaming video files, many real-time video news, etc., this format, but the latest WindowsMediaVideov8 has launched a powerful offensive
RMI MIDI Your Quotes
RTF rich text format file, with a plain text description, can save various format information, can be created with TTM, Word, etc.
SAV archive file
SCP is used for Internet dialing users in the Windows system, automatically dialing login scripts, avoiding cumbersome keyboard input when logging in manually.
SCR barrier protection file
SCT screen file
SCX screen file
Set Microsoft Backup Set File, to save content, settings such as settings, etc.
SHB points to a shortcut to a document
SND MAC sound file, the sound file format developed by Apple Computer Company, supports certain compression by the Macintosh platform and a variety of Macintosh applications
SQL query file, use in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FOXPRO series software
SVG SVG can be calculated that the most hot image file format is based on XML, which is developed by the WorldwideWebconsortium alliance. SVG is a scalable vector graphics.
SVX Amiga sound file, the sound file format developed by Commodore, is supported by the Amiga platform and the application, does not support compression
SWF flash is MicroMedia's product, strictly says that it is an animation editing software. In fact, it produces an animation named .swf, this format of animation can perform rich multimedia with a relatively small volume. Form, and can also achieve a "watermast blend" with the HTML file
SWG virtual memory swap file, used by the operating system
SYS system files, drivers, etc. have different definitions in different operating systems
TBK temporary database file, use in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FOXPRO series
TGA image file, this file format is relatively simple, belonging to a generic format of graphics, image data, has a great impact in multimedia field, is a preferred format of computer generating images to television conversion
TIFF image file, this image format is complex, the storage content is more, the storage space is large, the size is 3 times the GIF image, 10 times the corresponding JPEG image, the first to Macintosh, now the mainstream image application of Windows mainstream This format
TMP temporary files, generally temporary files generated by the system and applications. When the system and application exits, it will automatically delete its established temporary file. If it is not normal, the temporary file may remain on disk, in single Under the task system, you can immediately delete them, under multi-tasking systems, should delete the temporary files that are not being used.
TXT text file
URL InternetshShortcut (shortcut to URL address on the Internet) VCD Mirror file made of virtual optical drive tool
VER version description, used to describe files for a software version information, the content is different due to software
VOC sound file, this file format is developed by CreativeLabs, supported by the Windows and DOS platforms, support compression
VXD virtual device driver, very common in Windows operating systems, is an important system file
WAB communication book file, used by the communication book program in the system
WAV audio file, this file format is a resource format for saving audio information on Windows. Windows is played by WaveformHoldModify or Navigator, or "Media Player", there are many encoding methods that require corresponding decoding programs to play
WIN window file, use in the environment of DBASE, FOXBASE, FoxPro Series
A common chamber file format in WMF MicrosoftWindows, which has the characteristics of file short, pattern modeling, and the entire graphics are often spliced from each independent component, but its graphics are often rough and can only be called in MicrosoftOffice. edit
WPC writing board document conversion
WPS WPS text file, there are multiple versions, you can use WPSOFFICE, WPS2000, etc.
WRI Windows Word Board Document
XAB Microsoft Email Address Book
XBM AnimatorPro creates a graphics file format, which contain information for describing a series of points of the polygon
ZIP is the most common file compression format in DOS / Windows, and it is also a standard compressed format on the Internet, which can contain paths and multiple files.
(Source: Black Eagle Base)
