Chapter 1: System Introduction 1.1 System New Features 1) Adopt the latest Linux 2.4.2 stable kernel, support more hardware devices, high performance indicators; 2) use the latest graphics system XFree86 4.0.3, It provides powerful hardware support; 3) Introduced full graphics installation interface, making it easier to install; 4) Increased international language support, but the most hateful is supported by BIG5, but there is no simplified Chinese, it is true; ) Significantly improved support for multi-CPU computers, and for single CPU computing machines, up to 4G user process space, and cancel the restriction of the PCI bus, virtual memory can be as high as 64G physical memory, support multi-user and collective Using, it is possible to be an enterprise-class operating system; 6) provides excellent support for mobile storage devices, including: "Hot Plug" USB device, ZIP drive, and various disc burners. Red Hat Linux 7.1 mainly uses a program module called UPDFSTAB, making it easy to support, install, and unload these devices for various mobile storage devices; 7) Add some new system configuration tools to be convenient User management and Linux system use, such as apacheconf, bindconf, and printconf, etc., which makes it easy for users to configure Apache, Bind, and printers through the GUI graphical user interface. It is important to know that several services to configure in the past versions can be complicated. To manually modify a lot of parameters; 8) In addition, it has also enhanced support for PCMCIA devices, which is very important for users who use PCMCIA devices; 9) Many patch works in security, safety The provincial setting ensures that the port is closed, and the new firewall shield can be used to open or close; 10) Bundle a large number of newest applications, server software. 1.2 System hardware demand Linux develops to today, have gone from the previous hardware support, it has won the market with their own strength, and now many hardware vendors make their own products to work under Linux. 1) CPU: Redhat Linux 7.1 provides a support program for many CPUs on the installation CD, almost not blocked by the CPU during installation. However, for some old CPUs such as Intel 80386, 80486, AMD 486, 5x86, K5, etc., the system provides support, but not optimized for these CPUs, which may result in poor performance. In addition, if you want to build a multi-CPU system, the optional CPU is: Intel Celeron, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III, Pentium III Xeon, Pentium Pro, Pentium with MMX. 2) Main board: Red Hat Linux 7.1 Supports all X86 compatible motherboard 3) memory: suggest 64M or more, preferably 128m 4) CDROM: Supports all IDE interface CD-ROMs, most SCSI interfaces can also be identified; 5) SCSI card : Support Adapterc 152x, 154x, 274x, 284x, 294x, 394, aic7890-based card, and most popular SCSI cards. This device is not required unless you have a storage device of the SCSI interface.
6) Graphics: For the Linux system, all graphics cards are supported in the character terminal mode. But if you want to make your display under the X Window graphical interface, you need to make the corresponding settings according to the different graphics cards. In the early days, the graphics card often plagues beginners, but now the support of the graphics card has become a lot. Most of the graphics cards can be identified at the time of installation and automatically complete the settings. The only common graphics card that cannot be identified is Intel's I810, you can find help (http://support.intel.com/support/gr...intel.com/support/gr... instal.htm). 7) Sound card: More sound card support is provided in Red Hat Linux 7.1, even if the Creative Labs Sound Blaster Live sound card can "plug and play". However, some small brands of sound cards often have no support. 8) NIC: Support NE2000 compatible network card, most of the PCI networks are also better. 9) Others: Redhat Linux 7.1 supports all X86 compatible motherboards; supports keyboards, mouse, flies on sale on all markets; support all brands of memory, at least 8M memory, it is recommended to come with more than 64M. There is a detailed hardware compatibility list on the Red Hat website, you can get more detailed information by it: http://hardware.redhat.com/hcl/genp...gi? PageName = 7.1 Chapter 2 : Installation Guide 2.1 Preparation 1 before installation 1 The number of computers installed; CD-ROM: interface type (IDE, SCSI); SCSI card: card model; NIC: NIC model; mouse: Type of mouse (serial port, PS / 2, bus type), protocol (Microsoft, Logitech, Mouseman, etc.), the number of buttons, also know which serial port is connected to the serial mouse; display card: display card model (or it uses the chipset), display memory quantity; Most PCI bus graphics cards can be automatically identified by the installer.) Display: model, and horizontal and vertical refresh frequencies. You can use the Windows Control Panel -> Device Manager to get the appropriate information, of course, you can also review the corresponding random data. 2, check CMOS settings: Anti VRIUS: Disable Close this option to prevent crashing during installation, because the installer wants to write the main guidance fan. Swap A, B: disable may cause problems when starting. Boot Sque: CDROM, A, and C Let your computer start from the CD. Memory Hole: Disable If it is not closed, Linux can only recognize 16M memory. 3. Learn about the name design and file system knowledge of Linux hard disk partition: Linux Install at least two partitions: Linux Native (file) partition and Linux SWAP partition. The primary partition is used as a file that stores Linux, and the exchange partition provides virtual memory when running Linux. The exchange partitions each 16 ~ 32m, up to 8, which can be determined according to the memory. In general, it is possible to build a 16M exchange partition.
The file partition is determined as needed and the hard drive size is generally not less than 200m. Since we have access to the DOS operating system, most people are accustomed to using symbols similar to // 'c: //' to identify the hard disk partition, but this is not the case in Linux. Linux's naming design is more flexible than other operating systems and can express more information. LINUX identifies the hard disk partition through the combination of letters and numbers, such as "HDA1", which is the specific meaning of the partition name, the two letters of the partition name indicate the type of the device where the partition is located, such as HD refers to the IDE hard drive, SD (refer to SCSI hard drive); Which device is arranged in the order of A, B, C, D, such as the HDA is the main hard disk of IDE 1, the main hard disk of the IDE 2 should be HDC; the last number is on the device Sub-sequence, the first four partitions (main partitions or extensions) are represented by numbers 1 through 4, and the logical partition starts from 5, for example: HDA3 represents the third primary partition or expansion partition on the first IDE hard disk. In Linux's file system, there is a few file partitions, all in a tree directory structure. For example, you can use a partition to be specified to / (root directory), specify to the / usr directory, however, after you enter the Linux system, you can't feel that they are in different partitions, you just I feel on a tree. But if you only have a file partition, you must use it to / (root directory). 4. Preparation for hard drives to install Linux: Generally speaking, the hard drive on the big computer is all the partitions of the MS-DOS / WIN operating system as the hard drive. In order to be able to install Linux, you have to reassign the hard disk space for Linux. I immediately borrowed a friend's hard drive, and the data is now backup, and reload the system. However, there are three optional methods: 1) Map all the data on the last logical disk under MSDOS to other partitions, delete the logical disk with partition tool, use this part of the space to Linux. 2) Renew the hard disk partition, which is the most direct and most troublesome way. The specific operation is as follows: Back up the user's file. Start the system with the MS-DOS system. Use fdisk to remove the original partition, rebuild the new partition, leave the space allocated to Linux to any partition. Reinstall the original User System 3) Re-partitions with some partition tools without deleting the original data of the hard disk. Such as partition magicians, etc. 2.2 Installing Red Hat Linux 7.1 From CDROM We can install the Red Hat Linux 7.1 system through discs, hard drives, networks, the most common method is to use CD. It is three requirements that use CD installation: 1) Your motherboard support CD 2) You have CD-ROM 3) You have Red Hat Linux 7.1 Installation CDs Normally, this is no problem. The author also recommends that you use CD to install, which is simple. With the gradual increase in the application under the Linux system, a disc has been accommodated, and the Red Hat Linux 7.1 installation disc has two, the first one can start directly from the CD, including most packages and some installation tools. The second optical disk is a number of additional packages. However, this time is different from the past, Red Hat has been improved, and the installer can read data from multiple discs. When installing, you will find that you will change your second CD. Now we start the Red Hat Linux 7.1 installation trip. The first step: Select the installation mode to put into the first disc, so that the computer starts from the CDROM, a simple welcome information will appear.
At this point, you can choose different installation modes: 1) Graphics mode: Press the Enter directly, the entire installation process is like Windows, and you can use the mouse action. However, the Red Hat at this time is very picky to the graphics. Some screens are too large, can not find buttons, and some will display the graphical interface according to the could not display. If so, you can press the hot start key to restore text mode. 2) Text mode: Enter text and press Enter. It will enter the installation interface of the text mode, and some people have a better use of this way. 3) Expert mode: Enter EXPERT, press Enter. In this case, the installer seems to have no brain, all things have to be decisive. Do not use this way unless you are very familiar with Linux and have some special hardware installations that cannot be configured correctly. 4) Rescue mode: This is not used in the first installation, it is only used for the original Linux system that cannot be started normally. In this way, you will enter a miniature Linux system and provide many tools for recovering Linux for you. 5) Driving disk mode: If you have a special hardware driver, you need to use it to the Linux system during installation, you will enter "Linux DD", press Enter, and the installer will provide you with the driver floppy. It is recommended to use text mode installation. Step 2: Select Language Red Hat Linux 7.1 provides 18 different languages, but unfortunately there is no Chinese, can only choose "English". Then continue. Note: Red Hat has recently launched Chinese version, you can find a try. Step 3: Select the keyboard to select US, continue. Note: The author tried to use Logitech ITOUCH wireless keyboard under Red Hat Linux 7.1, then the normal 104 keyboard will not have problems. Step 4: Selecting the installation method Red Hat Linux 7.1 provides Workstation, Server, Laptop, Custom, Upgrade EXisting (sizes, servers, laptops, user-defined, upgrade old versions). We can choose the installation method according to your actual needs. 1) Workstation: Workstation mode. This way is recommended for general users. Workstation Type Installation will clear all the original Linux partitions on all hard drives, which are uneven for non-Linux partitions (such as Windows 98). This way is very simple, and if you have Windows 98 on your machine, you will automatically complete the LILO dual start configuration. However, if you are NT on your machine, don't use this way, otherwise your NT may never start. 2) Server system: server system mode. WARNING: Installation in this way, will do everything about all partitions on all hard drives. This is definitely not a joke! Many beginners have paid the cost of blood and tears. It is usually selected to build a web server on an empty PC. 3) Laptop: Portrait, notebook method. For the name suggestion, this method is recommended when you install on your laptop. 4) Custom System: Custom installation.
For friends who have a certain understanding of Linux, it is recommended to use this way, freely build Linux. This approach is brave when you install Linux in the next installing linux. 5) UPGRADE EXISTING SYSTEM: Upgrade the existing system. Assuming your hard has an old version of Red Hat Linux, this is your best choice. It is recommended to use "custom installation". Step 5: Working hard disk partition, you will choose different partition tools: Disk Druid and FDISK, it is recommended to use Disk Druid. The top of the main interface of Disk Druid is // 'Current Disk Partitions //', list information of each hard disk partition. Each line consists of five projects: Mount Point - Specifies the Linux system directory corresponding to the partition; device-hard disk partition device name; Requested - the minimum space applied by the partition definition; actual - currently assigned to this partition Space; Type - Partition type. In the middle, the // 'drive summaries //' area, one line corresponds to a physical hard disk, each consisting of six projects: Drive - the device name of the hard disk; Geom [C / H / S] - Hard disk physical information , Including the number of cylinders, magnetic heads, and sectors; Total - All available spaces for hard disk; Used - Hard Disk has allocated space; Free - hard disk unallocated space; bar graph - hard disk has spatial representation. The lowermost is the button area of Disk Druid, consists of five buttons: add - Apply for a new partition; edit - modify the properties of the partition selected in the // 'Current Disk Partitions //' area; delete - Delete the partition selected in the // 'Current Disk Partitions //'; OK - Confirm partition operations, rewritten the hard disk partition table; Back - does not save modifications, returns to the previous screen, start again. I suggested dividing a partition zone for Linux, a swap partition (recommended 64M, 128M or 256M), namely: Select the Add button with Tab, press Enter, then a topic on the screen is // 'Edit New Partition / / 'Dialog box. First we enter the system directory corresponding to this partition in the Mount Point item: "/" (root directory); then enter the size of the partition in the Size (Megs) item; in the Type this, under the cursor, Key key Select the appropriate partition type, we select Linux file partition Linux native; finally press OK to confirm. This successfully established a partition used for Linux. Of course, if your hard disk space is allowed, you can use one or several partitions to use Linux again. Then add a swap partition to Linux with the same method, and different only in the mount point item, let it empty, select Linux SWAP in the Type project. Note: If you select a graphical interface installation, you will provide a graphical partition interface, which is also very convenient to use, and you can use an automatic partition. Let the installer have created from the partition. Need to be cautious when doing this step, don't accidentally delete the original partition, it is miserable. After confirmation, press the OK button to continue. Then format the new Linux partition according to the prompt for use.
Step 6: LILO Configuration Lilo is Linux Loader, the Linux boot, which is responsible for launching the Linux operating system. We can configure it to achieve dual start. First, the installer will allow you to fill in any kernel parameters to pass to LILO, usually unnecessary. Then, you will ask if you want to install LILO, usually there are two options: 1) The main leading area (MBR) of the first hard disk; 2) The leading fan of the Linux partition. If you want to use Lilo to do double start, you need to select the first, if you want to use Linux to boot the floppy disk or other system boot to boot Linux, then choose the second. Step 7: Set the host name to take a name for your machine. Step 8: Select System Security Level This is also a new option provided by Red Hat Linux 7.1, which provides three options: 1) High: If you choose HIGH level, then all network access issues from outside will be Prohibited; 2) Medium: The default level, select this level, the external network access is limited to the network service provided by the system; 3) NO FireWall: The lowest security, any external network access will be allowed. Step Ninth: Common options are set, set the mouse, select the language type you need to support (note, here is a Chinese support), and time zone (under the graphical interface, you should choose in text mode) PRC). Chapter 10: User Settings 1) Set the system administrator (that is, the root user) password, the system administrator is the highest authority of the system, which has the system, so this password is important; 2) Then the installer provides one Increase user tools, you can easily add system users through this tool. 3) The last is about the configuration of user authentication: a. Shadow passwords: By default is selected, please do not modify it. This feature is used to protect password security; b. Use MD5 password encryption: By default is also selected, please do not modify, it is also safe; c. Use NIS: When you want to verify user verification over the network When you fill in the relevant information; d. Using LDAP: When you want to verify the user authentication over the network, please fill in the relevant information; e. Use Kerberos: When you use the Kerberos system to perform user authentication, fill in the relevant information; Step 11: Selecting a package This step is the most important step in the installation process, you can select the software you need according to the prompt.
The installer divides all the software into many classes: Printer Support: Printer Support X window: Desktop Manager GNOME KDE: Desktop Manager Kde Mail / WWW / News Tools: Some Transit Mail, Web Browse, News Reading common tools DOS / Windows Connectivity: Provides DOS and Windows compatible tools graphics manipulation: Game Software MultiMedia Support: Multimedia Support Software Laptop Support: NetWorkStation: Network Workstation: Network Workstation: Network Workstation Tool, such as Telnet , FTP and other clients Dialup Workstation: Co-work Tools NEWS Server: News Server NFS Server: Network File System Server SMB (Samba) Server: Samba (That's a NetBIOS Protocol) server system IPX / NETWARE ?? Connectivity: IPX protocol support software Anonymous FTP Server: Anonymous FTP Server SQL Server: PostgreSQL and MySQL Database Server Web Server: Web Server (Apache) DNS Name Server: Domain Name Server Network Management Workstation: Network Management Workstation, providing some SNMP support authoring / public on: publishing software Emacs: famous Integrated Editing Software Developments: Document Kit KERNEL DEVELOPMENT: kernel development package, including kernel source Utilities: Some common tools, such as LinuxConf everything: All packages, if your Linux partition is large enough (2400M), then you can choose It puts all the software. Note: In the selection interface, there is an option, which is selected, and it will list the detailed software installation list, you can also make some choices. After selecting the package you want to install, the system will perform a package dependent check, then start the copy of the file. At this time you can take a break. However, when you are different from before, you need to change the CD when copying to half! Step 12: After making the boot disk installation is completed, you will prompt you to make a Linux boot floppy disk. Although it is not very useful, it is good for beginners. Therefore, in the following, it is possible to use: 1) Prepare LILO in the Linux partition, and can be covered by floppy directing Linux; 2) The LILO program mounted on the MBR is overwritten, and this floppy disk can be used. Boot, then run "/ sbin / lilo", refurbish the LILO program on MBR; 3) When the system crashes, you can use the Linux boot floppy disk to start, do some recovery. Step 13: Copy files are the longest, and the core process: copy file. The Linux installer copies the package you selected into the hard disk partition. It should be noted that you need to change the second disc during the installation process.
Step 14: Configuring the graphics card / X Window Next, the installer will automatically detect your graphics card, display, because Red Hat Linux 7.1 uses the latest XFree86 4.0, so the support of the display card is better, most of the graphics card It can be identified. If you can't identify, then you have to configure it later. If your graphics card, the display is fortunately identified, then the installer will ask you to select the resolution of the graphical interface. If your graphics card is very good, then choose 800 * 600 * 24 color or 1024 * 768 * 24 color , I have to choose 800 * 600 * 16 color. You can also choose from (after startup, Ctrl Alt and - to switch). After setting the resolution, the installer will test x window. If you choose normal, then you can see beautiful X Window, then you can easily press OK, indicate it. After pressing the OK button, the installer will ask if your Linux system enters X Window, and the default is "Yes". But I don't like it. I chose "No" here so that I will enter the character status after starting Linux. When you need x window, execute the startX command manually start. Ok, reach this, Red Hat Linux 7.1 will prompt you to remove the disc, restart your computer, and the penguin with a small red hat sets your home. Note: Red Hat Linux 7.1 will run a program called Kudzu when starting, to complete some hardware add operations, usually a NIC and a sound card. The operation is very simple, you only need to select the Configure button, the system will help you complete the configuration of these hardware. 2.3 Other installation methods Introduction If you don't have a CD-ROM drive, you can also complete the installation in the following ways: 1) Installing from the FTP Site (Installing 3) From the SMB Shared Volume 4) From the hard disk installation 1. Making Linux boot disk If you use these installation methods, you first have to make two Linux boot dishes. 1) Find the two files of the image file of the Linux boot disk on the installation disc, the Boot.img (boot disk) and the Suppy.IMG (extension) of the / images directory. 2) Find the tool Rawrite.exe for making an image disc in / images, / install, or / dosutils directory. 3) Turn the image file and Rawrite.exe to the same directory, then execute Rawrite: C: Linst> Rawrite Enter Disk Image Source File Name on the DOS command: Enter the image file name Enter Target Diskette Drive: Here Enter the target drive letter as A: 2. Install from the FTP site To use this way to install one of the following conditions: 1) Your machine is connected to the FTP server stored in the installation disk; 2) in your local area network There is a mounting disk on the FTP server. Note that your FTP server must support long file names to be successfully installed. You need to use Linux's boot disk and extension, and configure a valid domain name server or the IP address of the specified FTP server. 3. Install from NFS Server If there is an NFS server in your local area network, you can copy the installation disk to the NFS server, then start with Linux boot disk, access the NFS server for installation.
