Allergic rhinitis is one of the common diseases of otolaryngology and head neck surgery. Depending on the point of attack time, allergic rhinitis can be divided into two major categories of seasonal and all-year nature. The former is caused by seasonal sensitizers. The most common is pollen, allergic rhinitis caused by pollen is also known as pollen; the latter is caused by allergies from all year round, and is related to mites, fungi, etc., called perennial allergic rhinitis. .
Humanity has undergone a long process for the awareness of allergic rhinitis pathogenesis. In 1565, Italian Medical Ferry Leonardo first describes the symptoms of subcutta. Later, after many years of clinical observations, reports, and research, the medical community in the 1970s, the basic pathogeneism of allergic rhinitis The process has a more clear understanding.
From the basic immunoassay, an allergic rhinitis antibody IgE-mediated inflammatory response. After the body exposed to allergens, the body produced an antibody called IgE, which would be adsorbed in tissue mast cells, basophilic granulocyte surfaces, and the body is induced. When the human body comes into contact with the same allergens, these allergens will combine IgE, causing fatty cells and basophilic granulocytes, release histamine, leukocyte triam, and other biologically active media, these media acts in corresponding tissues The allergic reaction will be caused.
The histamine is the most important medium of allergic rhinitis, which can make small blood vessels, increased vascular permeability, strengthen the external secretion activity, which is an important substance with increased nasal mucosa, nasal breathing resistance, increased secretions in patients with allergic rhinitis basis. The kinopeptide can cause surrounding vascular dilatation, blood pressure drop, increased vascular permeability and tissue edema, can also cause pain, smooth muscle contraction and other reactions. White blood cell trilene can increase the blood flow of the nasal mucosa, which may be an important medium of neutral granulocyte and eosinophil infiltration during tissue when acute metamorphosis. Prostaglandin is the product of peanuts through the metabolic product of cyanic acid, and has the effect of similar histamine.
In recent years, with the continuous in-depth study of allergic rhinitis pathogenesis, cytokines have gradually been known to allergic inflammation. The core effect is CD4T cells in an allergic inflammatory reaction. It has released a series of cytokines, regulating acute and chronic allergic reactions, resulting in a quick response and delaying reaction, and patients have corresponding nose, runny, Acute symptoms such as continuous sneeze and nose blocked and chronic symptoms of persistent nose blocked. Depending on the different cytometry, the auxiliary T cell can be divided into two subtypes, i.e., type 1 adjuvant T cells (TH1 cells), and type 2 adjuvant T cells (TH2 cells). The former mainly mediates the cellular immune response, and the latter mainly causes the body fluid immune response. According to this mechanism, the immune balance state of TH1 and TH2 is adjusted, and it is essential for treating allergic rhinitis.
The treatment of allergic rhinitis is mainly drug treatment. Anti-histamine treatment is better for controlling nose, sneezing and nasal separability, and the symptoms of the nasal congestion, whether it is whole body or local drug, and the effect is not good. Local steroid aerosol, such as Burkener effectively relieves the various symptoms of allergic rhinitis, and there is almost no systemic side effects, and it is more safe and reliable. It is a first-line drug recommended for clinical recommendations.
In addition, the relevant problems of the upper and lower respiratory diseases are also widely concerned with scholars at home and abroad. As early as the 2nd century AD, Galan, ancient Rome, proposed that the pulmonary disease may be caused by a nasal disease by a direct anatomical pathway. TEUNTRAUCTION SEC ZEN GROSMENTENTALICATARENTENTAL TRAINGENTENT ASMENTENTENT, 60% ~ 78% of asthma patients with allergic rhinitis were discounted, and allergic rhinitis was combined with allergic rhinitis. Among patients with allergic rhinitis, 20% to 38% of people combined with asthma. Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are very similar in immunological pathogenesis. Allergic rhinitis is one of the high risk factors that lead to adult asthma. It is clear that the main clinical significance of both in pathogenesis mechanisms is that the symptoms of asthma can be reduced by treating allergic rhinitis, reducing the incidence of asthma.
