content:
Steps to install the package with DSELECT
Select the installation media
Update Available Package Database
Select package
Install package
Configure the package
Remove unused packages
Exit, complete!
postscript
About author
Baozi Chen (
Linuxman@sd163.net)
DSelect is an important package management tool in Debian publishing, which is very powerful, and it is a bit complicated. It may not be easy to master. In fact, DSELECT works very nature, like a good teacher, and as long as you follow DSELECT's tips, step by step, put the package installed. Ok, let's take a look, how DSELECT guides us to easily install the Debian package.
First, use the DSELECT to install the step of the package
Start DSELECT, we can see the following interface:
It can be seen that the DSELECT installation package has passed the following natural and complete steps:
Determine the installation medium.
Update the installed package database based on the determined installation media.
Choose packages that need to be installed
installation
Configure installed packages
Delete unwanted packages
drop out
It seems that it is very important to pay attention to logic. Is it? Just step down step by step.
Some people think that DSELECT is difficult to use, which is probably not easy to remember because of its operating methods. In fact, if you are familiar with one of VI and Emacs, some keyboard combinations are similar. For example, in the main interface of DSELECT, different operation steps (VI processing mode) can be selected by i and j, or can move the cursor (processing mode of Emacs) by ^ n and ^ P, of course, can also be passed through the cursor key. Move the cursor.
Second, choose the installation medium
DSELECT supports multiple installation methods. When [a] Cess is selected, the following interface appears:
The above installation media is self-explanatory. It is recommended to use the APT method. Just edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file, you can enjoy the package maintenance of the package from the APT: You just set the sources.list, the rest will let the APT to do it. !
My Sources.list is like this:
# See Sources.list (5) for more information, especial
# Remember That You Can Only Use HTTP, FTP OR File Uris
# CDROMS Are Managed Through The Apt-CDROM TOOL.
DEB
http://http.us.debian.org/debian sid main contrib Non-Free
DEB
http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-us sid / non-us main control Non-free
#de
http://security.debian.org stable / updates main control Non-free
# Uncomment if you want the apt-get source function to work
# deb-src
http://http.us.debian.org/debian Stable Main Contrib Non-Free
# deb-src
http://non-us.debian.org/debian-non-us stable non-us
#deb CDROM: [Debian GNU / Linux 2.2 R4 _Potato_ - Official I386 Binary-1
(20011106)] / UnStable Contrib Main Non-US / Contrib Non-US / Main # deb
ftp://ftp.linuxforum.net/debian sid main control Non-free
#de
FTP: //ftp.linuxforum.net/debian-non-us sid / non-us main contrib Non-free
Third, update the available package database
The next step is to update the installed package list database based on your choice of installation media. This step is quite simple, and it is generally necessary to press ENTER. For example, choose to use the APT to install, DSELECT will automatically connect
The Debian mirror server in Sources.List and reads the list of software package on the server.
If an error occurs, if you use the APT installation, you cannot connect the server error. DSELEC will give an error message and some suggestions, ^ _ ^, is it friendly? Then, DSELECT returns to the main interface after confirmation, the cursor is still stopped on the Update, indicating that the Update operation just has not succeeded. At this time, you can usually try Update once. If many attempts have not succeed, it may be that the server is turned off, then it will be given to the image, the mirror server is more.
Fourth, choose a package
This is the most complex step. Here, DSELECT is to complete the following features:
Choose packages that need to be installed or deleted
Solve the interdependence between the software package
Solve mutual conflicts between selected software packages
DSELECT's "smart" is quite high, using DSELECT, you only need to answer a few questions, the above complex problem can be resolved, let's take a look at a typical package installation process.
4.1 Help Screen
After pressing SELECT, wait (DSELECT in reading the available package list), then first appear is the help screen. It is important to learn to use help, all DSELECT operation methods are in help. Use help to get the following:
At any time, you can press to start help.
After entering help, you with the "Space" key to exit the help.
Use. Key to read the next screen of the help.
Very simple? Let's browse the entire helpful content, there is a total of 5 screens.
4.2 Select package
Ok, we press the "Space" button to exit help and enter the interface to select the package. It looks a bit complicated? explain.
4.2.1 Preparatory knowledge: Method of moving cursor
Select the interface of the package is divided into two parts. The upper half lists the optional package, and the lower half gives a simple explanation of the selected package.
First look at the upper part.
Note that the classification of the debian package is expressed in section, and the package is organized into different sections. The movement method of the cursor is a difficult point here, ^ _ ^, it seems simple things, and actually have some questions. However, if you are familiar with VI, it is much simple. Summarized as follows:
Each package has a line, which has the following description information, respectively:
Eiom, this is what we have to focus on, then talk again.
Pri, importance, divided into Required, Standard, Important, Optional, Extra, which is sequentially reduced.
Section, this package belongs to the section (classification)
Package, the name of the package
Inst.ver, the version number of the installed package
Avail.Ver, the version number Description, package of available packages, software package
The above information, in addition to the EIOM, it is easier to understand, let's take a look at the meaning of Eiom:
E-Error Flag, error logo, may take value:
I-Installed State, the current package installation status, possibly values:
O-OLD Mark, last installed status, may take value:
M-Mark, this installation method may take the value:
For example, as shown below:
The case of the package CVS can be seen from the figure:
The EIOM status said that the current package has not been installed, which can be installed 1.22.1p1-4. Note that at this time, O and M flags are "_", indicating that there is no trace of the package on your machine, ^ _ ^.
This package belongs to the DEVEL group.
Another example:
The famous Bash is already installed, the installed version number is 2.05A-4. Observe the Eiom sign.
4.2.2 Start Select the installation package!
Tell more keyboard combinations, how do you choose a package to install? Very simple, just select the package or package group, press the " " button. Going well, the selection process of the package is over. You can press the Enter key directly. DSELECT returns to the main interface and then executes the install function.
For example, or an example of the above CVS package:
It can be seen that when the " " button is pressed on the CVS package, the M flag becomes "*", indicating that the request is installed, and the categor is moved to the next package to operate on other packages. If you just want to install the CVS package, you can press the Enter key directly, and the following interface appears:
Know how to answer this question? ^ _ ^.
Of course, multiple packages can be installed once again.
4.2.3 There is a problem!
The installation process of the package is normal. For example, the association package is not installed, the conflict between the package, etc.
For example, when installing Boot-Floopies, when selecting (press the " " button), the following interface appears:
If you are the first time I encounter this, I read it seriously. Otherwise, simply press the Space key to exit help. The big idea of the above picture is that you choose a package that you need to install other dependencies or conflicts with other packages. After exiting this prompt interface, a list of dependencies or conflict packages are displayed. In the lower half of the list window, the package is given, and the upper half of the list window is the DSELECT recommembered or conflict package installation method. If you agree to DSELECT installation suggestions, press Enter directly The key is OK. Otherwise, you can:
View and correct the installation mode of the package one by one, and try to press the Enter key to start installing.
Press the "X" to discard the installation of the selected package and return to the main interface. This means that DSELECT will restore the installation status of the package to the previous state.
Press the "R" button to restore the status before DSELECT. The difference between the X-key is that the X key is also returned to the main interface. Press "DIRECTLY to reject DSELECT recommended installation, only the package you select directly. In other words, all dependencies are not installed, I am afraid it, ^ _ ^.
Press the "U" button to restore the DSELECT recommended installation method, no matter what amendment you did. So, although you can reassure DSELECT's recommended installation method, just remember the "U" button, ^ _ ^.
Press "Q" (quit) to force installation according to the currently set installation mode. If you are not a DSELECT, you dare? ^ _ ^, Unless you are very familiar with the dependence and conflict of the package.
This part of the function is critical, and a lot of confusion can be resolved here, practicing it carefully. In fact, in most cases, accept DSELECT's suggestion, simple carriage return.
4.2.4 Other Tips
Use the I key to view the details of the loop view package and the brief information.
If the introduction part of the package is relatively long, use the D key until all the introductions are read.
Use the V key to change the display mode of the package.
Use the O key to change the sorting method of the package.
V. Install the package
Choose a package that needs to be installed, the following work is much simpler. After returning from the SELECT interface to the main interface, the cursor has been automatically moved to the onstall, press the Enter key. DSELECT When you install the package, you often ask some questions to determine how you use the package, so don't go away.
Six, configure the package
In fact, during the installation process, the package has been configured, in this step, then the last configuration, ^ _ ^.
Seven, delete unused packages
Then, delete those packages you choose to delete.
Eight, exit, complete!
It's that simple! right? remember:
Generally I have to completely get down 6 steps provided by DSELECT, don't be lazy.
DSELECT is not only available to install a package, but also to delete and upgrade packages, is a full range of packages management tools.
Of course, if you are familiar with the DEBIAN released package, you can also use DPKG, APT-GET to manage the package. However, DSELECT is more friendly, I hope you can like this debian's big manager!
Nine, postscript
I have been looking at the Debian's heart, I haven't quietly take a closer look, it is really embarrassing! This article is written under the road of Debian. It is inevitable that there is inevitable, but also the debian master and heroes!
About author
Baozi Chen (
Linuxman@263.net After touching Linux, you will feel each other, love at first sight, you can't make it. It is mainly to study Linux, Java and its application on the Web, especially familiar with ENHYDRA architecture and programming, and hope that there will be a lot of exchanges with the same vocals.
